Plant layout is the arrangement of machines, work areas and service areas within a factory

1. PLANT LAYOUT AND FACTORS
AFFECTING PLANT LAYOUT
Presented By –
Jainam Udani MBA/10008/21
Susmita Maity MBA/10023/21
Leena Barnwal MBA/10033/21
Shashank MBA/10038/21
MT 407 MANAGEMENT OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

2. INTRODUCTION
◎ Plant layout involves the development of physical relationship
among building, equipment and production operations, which will
enable the manufacturing process to be carried on efficiently.
◎ Plant layout is a mechanism which involves knowledge of the space
requirements for the facilities and also involves their proper
arrangement so that continuous and steady movement of the
production cycle takes place.
◎ Plant layout embraces the physical arrangement of industrial
facilities. This arrangement, either installed or in plan, includes the
space needed for material movement, storage, indirect labour and
all other supporting activities or services, as well as for office
equipment and personnel.
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3. OBJECTIVES -
A good plant layout strives to attain the following objectives:
◎ Minimization of material handling.
◎ Elimination of bottlenecks through the balancing of plant capacities
◎ High material turnover through a shorter operating cycle.
◎ Effective utilization of installed capacity so that the returns on the
investments may be maximized.
◎ Effective utilization of cubic space in the factory area.
◎ Effective utilization of manpower resources through the elimination of
idle time.
◎ Elimination of physical efforts required by operative workers.
◎ Avoidance of industrial accidents
◎ Elimination, improvement or confinement of objectionable operations
e.g., operations with bad odor, vibrating operations etc
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4. FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT
LAYOUT
◎ Nature of the product: The nature of the product to be manufactured
will significantly affect the layout of the plant. Stationary layout will be
most suitable for heavy products while line layout will be best for the
manufacture for the light products because small and light products
can be moved from one machine to another very easily and, therefore,
more attention can be paid to machine locations can be paid to
machine locations and handling of materials.
◎ Volume of production: Volume of production and the standardization
of the product also affect the type of layout. If standardized
commodities are to be manufactured on large scale, line type of layout
maybe adopted.
◎ Basic managerial policies and decisions: The type of layout depends
very much on the decisions and policies of the management to be
followed in producing the commodity with regard to the size of plant,
kind and quality of the product, scope for expansion to be provided.
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5. ◎ Nature of plant location: The size shape and topography of the
site at which the plant is located will naturally affect the type
of layout to be followed in view of the maximum utilization of
the space available .
◎ Types of methods of production: Layout plans may be
different according to the method of production proposed to
be adopted. Any of the following three methods may be
adopted for production- (1) Job order production, (2) batch
production, and (3) mass production.
◎ Nature of machines: Nature of machines and equipment also
affects the layout of plants. If machines are heavy in weight or
create noisy atmosphere, stationery layout may reasonably be
adopted. Heavy machines are generally fixed on the ground
floor. Ample space should be provided for complicated
machines to avoid accidents.
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6. ◎ Climate: Sometimes, temperature, illumination and air are
the deciding factors in the location of machines and their
establishments. For example, in lantern manufacturing
industry, the spray-painting room is built along the factory
wall to ensure the required temperature control and air
expulsion and the process of spray painting may be
undertaken.
◎ Nature of material: Design and specification of materials,
quantity and quality of materials and combination of
materials are probably the most important factors to be
considered in planning a layout. So, materials storage,
space, volume and weight of raw materials, floor load
capacity, ceiling height ,method of storing etc. should be
given special consideration. This will affect the space and
the efficiency of the production process in it.
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7. ◎ Type of machine: Machines and equipment may be either
general purpose or special purpose. In addition certain tools are
used. The requirements of each machine and equipment are
quite different in terms of their space; speed and material
handling process and these factors should be given proper
consideration while choosing out a particular type of layout.
◎ Human factor and working conditions: Men are the most
important factor of production and therefore special
consideration for their safety and comforts should be given while
planning a layout, specific safety items like obstruction-free
floor, workers not exposed to hazards, exit etc. should be
provided for.
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8. CONCLUSION
◎ A good plant layout ensures utmost
utilization of resources. It also ensures that
there is no overlapping of work and all the
employees are working in suitable working
conditions. Plant layout determines long run
efficiency. It’s effective and efficient layout
will meet firm's competitive requirements. A
good plant layout depends on various factors and
when these factors are well co-ordinate the firm’s
objective will be achieved smoothly.
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9. REFERENCE -
◎ https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/industries/7-major-
factors-affecting-plant-layout-industrial-management/26164
◎ https://www.mbaknol.com/operations-management/factors-
influencing-plant-layouts/
◎ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/plant-
layout
◎ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_layout_study
◎ https://www.geektonight.com/plant-layout/
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10. THANK YOU