Here i am sharing my presentation of paper no. 2

1. Name: Gausvami Surbhi A.
Sem : 2
Paper No: 6
Paper: Victorian Literature
Submitted to: Dr. Dilip Barad,
Department of English
MKBU university
Email id: gausvamisurbhi17@gmail.com
Enrollment No: 2069108420170008
Batch year: 2016-18
Roll No: 24

3. Definition of child labor
 “child labor can be described as children who are put
to work at very young age. In most cases a child takes
part in labor to help their family’s financial state, child
labor prevents children from going to scho“ ol.”
 UNICEF: “ Child is involved in child labor activities if
between 5 and 11 years of age, he or she did at least one
hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of
domestic work in a week. In case of children between
12 to 14 years of age he or she did at least 14 hours of
economic activity or 42 hours of domestic per week.”

4. Child labor in Oliver Twist
 The novel was published in
1838
 Major issue: exploitation of
child
 Child labor played an
important role in the
industrial revolution.
 They pay little wage to the
children
 Oliver spent nine years in
workhouse

5. Continue….
 Marxist standpoint, class
conflict
 Upper class exploits not
only children but poor in
general
 “ please sir I want some
more”
 Child labor effects
children physically,
mentally, and morally
 Satire on Victorian era

6. Essential Question
 “ Was child labor present in Victorian
England? Compare and contrast how child
labor is present in our world today?”

7. Child labor in India
 Child labor is the practice of
having children engage in
economic activity. On a part or
full time basis. It is harmful to
their physical and mental
development.
 The 1998 National census of
India estimated the total
number of child labors aged 4 to
15 to be at 12.6 million. Out of
total child population of 253
million.
 The 2011 national census of India
found the total number of child
labors aged 5 to 14 to be at 4.35
million.
 Article 24

8. Continue…..
 UNICEF estimates that India
with it’s larger population has
the highest number of labors in
the world under 14 years of age.
 The international labor
organization estimates that
agriculture at 60% is the largest
employed of child labor in the
world.
 India’s census 2001 office defines
child labor as participation of a
child less than 17 years of age in
any economically productive
activity with or without
compensation.
 90% child labor observed in
rural areas.

9. Child protection laws in India
 (1) The factories Act of 1948
 (2) The mines Act of 1952
 (3) The child and adolescent labor Act of 1986
 (4) The Juvenile justice of children Act 2000
 (5) Right to education Act 2009

10. Child labor in Pakistan
 The Human rights
commission of Pakistan
estimated in 1990 that 11
million children were
working under the age of
10.
 As of 2008 17.2% of the
total population lives
below the poverty.
 Law quality of education,
lack of job prospects, lack
of progress in religion

11. Government policies on child labor
 (1) The factories Act 1934
 (2) The west Pakistan shops and establishments
ordinance 1969
 (3) The employment of children Act 1991

12. Child labor in Africa
 Help parents to run family
 Children forced into exploitation
labor due to family debt and
financial factors, poverty.
 Commercial plantation, begging,
and other sales such as boot shining.
 It is estimated 5 million children
who are currently working in the
field of agriculture increased during
the time of harvest.
 Rural area: working with animals,
selling crops.
 Urban area: street vendors, washing
cars, helping in construction sites,
exotic dancers.