4. Breeds and their characteristics
Berkshire
Berkshires are black with six white
points - the tip of the tail, nose,
and four feet - and have erect
ears.
Medium sized.
short snout
Berkshires produce high-quality
meat.
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5. Breeds and their characteristics
Duroc
Medium length, Light gold
red to dark red colour,
droopy ears.
Grow the fastest out of all
the other breeds.
High prolificacy, with a litter
size of 9 with high weaning
rate.
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6. Breeds and their characteristics
Hampshire
Medium weight, long body,
Hampshires are black with a
white belt around the front
of the body including the
front legs, and they have
erect ears
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7. Breeds and their characteristics
Landrace
Medium in size, White often
with small black spots,
Drooping ears
Good mothers
Good for Bacon production.
They are noted for having the
highest number of pigs per
litter
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8. Breeds and their characteristics
Large white
White, long body,
sometimes with dark areas
Erect ears.
good mothers.
High prolificacy
Widely used for upgrading
local breeds
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9. Breeds and their characteristics
Spotted
Black and white spotted
Droopy ears.
Good mothers
Fast gainers
Colour- no less than 20% or
more than 80% white
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10. Practical No. 02
Design a piggery – for a given number of pigs in
different categories and preparation of a BOQ10
11. Design a piggery
1. Site selection
i. Durability: long-term/ short-term
ii. Pig house position
Shed Orientations:
increasing temperature has a significant impact on odor generation.
Buildings orientated with their long axis east-west will minimize the
heat load;
Shed Positioning:
space naturally vented sheds from other buildings or trees by at least
five times the height of the nearest building or large object, to
maximize wind ventilation
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12. iii. Factors of infrastructure facilities: water, electricity etc.
iv. Hygiene and safety
Shed Ventilation:
adequate ventilation is required to remove piggery gases, dust and
odor, to control air temperature and relative humidity, to remove
excess heat and moisture, to dilute and remove airborne disease
organisms and maintain oxygen supply to the pigs.
v. Excreta disposal
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13. 2. Housing
i. Functional area design
ii. Production building design: piggery building
1. Foundation
2. Walls
3. Roof
4. Main entrance
5. Floor
Type of flooring material affects pen fouling patterns and the ability to clean
them properly;
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14. iii. Other buildings:
feed stores,
health and disinfection unit,
medicine and treatment unit,
labor facilities
iv. Breeding unit- optional
3. Effluent Treatment and Utilization
Effluent Characteristics:
Estimated volume
Effluent composition
Effluent ponds: bio-gas unit etc.
Solid waste storage:
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15. 4. Buffer distance
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Public road- Public road - except as below 200 m
Public road - unsealed with less than 50 vehicles per day 50 m excluding
piggery traffic
50 m
Major watercourse 200 m
Major water reservoir 800 m
Dairy 100 m
Slaughter house 100 m
Neighboring rural residence >200 m
Property boundary 20 m
16. 5. Operating/ Management requirements
i. Feeders and waterers
ii. Manure cleaning equipments and tools
iii. Furrowing facilities
A typical pig shed design can contain the following features for farrowing accommodation:
• Protective side rails to reduce overlays;
• Freedom from draught s;
• A creep area to allow piglets to escape the sow and eat creep feed without the
sow eating it or protective rails to prevent piglets being crushed against the sides
of pen walls;
• Supplementary heat in creep area.
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17. Weaner Section:
• Newly weaned pigs require suitable environmental conditions to counter the abrupt
changes that occur at weaning.
• A change in diet from milk to solid feed, mixing with other pigs and a change of environment
can stress weaners, making them more susceptible to disease.
• Weaner pigs must be weaned into a warm, dry, draught free environment.
Grower/Finisher Section:
Grower/finisher housing can be described using two basic design types.
• Pens in sheds
• Eco-hut design
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18. • Pens in sheds –
This is by far the most common system of housing growers. Sheds offer protection from
the elements for both the pig and the producer. Close control and supervision of stock is
possible with this system to get her with the ability to regulate the environment;
• Eco-hut design –
These sheds are a low-cost housing alternative where pigs are housed in a litter bedded
shelter which is constructed upon compacted soil or concrete pad with solid walls.
Breeding Section:
Dry sows are generally housed in a combination of individual stalls and group
pens. Stalls are often used for the first five weeks of gestation to allow for
individual feeding and attention, sows may be moved to group pens to complete
their gestation period.
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