2. ExecutiveSummary
Tobacco is one of the sensitive risk factors for which a number of people die because of their
bad habit of smoking. The smokers not only harm to their health only, but also make harm to
their surroundings by causing the passive smoking. Because of such smoking, the environment
gets polluted as the amount of pollutant like the carbon di-oxide, compounds of nicotine etc
are spread over the atmosphere. Smoking causes the damages in the airbags of the lung but
may be in the delayed way. Primarily the symptom of the effect on lung may not be significant
when the person starts smoking but slowly the symptom goes significant by raining different
difficulties in the health issue lime excess cough and breathing problems and many others ae
there (Services, 2012). When it is noticed significantly, it is too late for the diagnosis and it
may not be meaningful for such. Smoking also cause the air pollution and gradually it increases
mainly in the indoor air as the room is confined and not much in open air. So, it affects the
health directly or those who actually addicted with that and on the other hand, smoking affects
the other family members as they are inhaling the smoke passively which is more dangerous.
Thus, the smoker in future days, can be affected with the lung cancer. Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary disease or COPD is the type of lung disease for long-term effect of the nicotine that
includes Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis both (Ahmad M. Al-Bashaireh, 2018). The risk
of COPD goes up the more you smoke and the longer you smoke. If it is not cured and
neglected, it may deteriorate the health as there is no special technique to make it cure. In case
of Chronic bronchitis, basically a type of COPD, is a disease caused by excess mucus in the
airways and surrounding of the airbags around the for which the person tends to outburst more
cough by force. It is the common phenomena of the most of the smokers and can be increased
day by day (Taylor R. Beahrs, 2019). Apart from the subsidy effect of the smoking, the air
polluting is another major problem that is created by the smokers itself. Basically, while the
tobacco plant is grown up, it absorbs all the carbon from the soil and atmosphere and when
these leaves are used as the smoking material, it releases all the carbon to air in form of its
oxides. Thus, smoking causes the net result zero in the environmental effect (Paulo de Tarso
Muller, 2019).
Tobacco smoking significantly causes the pollution in the environmental by releasing the air
pollutants which are toxic for the atmosphere. Smokers generally throughs the smoking butts
into soil of in the water after the completion of the smoking. The butts contain harmful
chemicals which is mixed with the water and the soil and thus causing the water and soil
pollution also (Keiko Yamada, 2019). As the smoking of the tobacco released huge amount of
carbon di-oxide, thus it injects the greenhouse gas into air as well as in the indoor atmosphere.
So, the tobacco smoking causes multiple impact of the environment with its different angle’s
pollution. It is amazing to look into the matter when the people hear about the adverse effect
of the tobacco smoking which affects not only on their health but also the environment. Hearing
these, most of the people think once but a big percentage of them fail to get rid of smoking
(Barboza, 2016).
In this paper, the adverse effect of the tobacco is analysed using the proper collected data and
the analysis is presented in terms of the visualization so that the effect of the tobacco in
worldwide can be captured in a frame and the recommendation can be made on the basis of the
analysis.
3. Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................ 4
Data Collection........................................................................................................................... 4
Description and Insight...........................................................................................................5
Hypothesis........................................................................................................................... 5
Descriptive Analysis ............................................................................................................ 5
Analysis on Data ..................................................................................................................... 6
Selection of Tool.......................................................................................................................... 7
Dashboard & Analysis ................................................................................................................ 7
Dashboard............................................................................................................................... 7
Provision by Measure Count............................................................................................... 8
Analysis of Comments .........................................................................................................8
Analysis of the Display Order and the Provision .................................................................8
Recommendations....................................................................................................................... 9
Cover Letter to CEO................................................................................................................. 11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................ 12
References................................................................................................................................. 13
4. Introduction
Cigarette smoking of in other words the addiction is tobacco is the trends of the todays
generation and they are being addicted without knowing the fact that they are affecting the
environment as well as their own health also. Sometimes, it can also be seen that the person is
engaged in the second hand smoking. This will make the health harmful as well as they invite
others disease int their health by such smoking (R. A. Arrazola, 2014). Smoking causes the
adverse effect into the air and the environment by releasing the greenhouse gas which in turn
affect the air by causing the air pollution and on the other hand, indirectly it helps to increase
the environment temperature (D. A. Novikov, 2016). While talking to the indoor pollution, the
mostly affected areas are the Bar and the Café. People use to pass their free time in Bars and
Café with their friends with gossips the spend lot of time. At that time, they use to smoke very
largely while taking the coffee or tea or the alcoholic drinks which make them charmed. In this
scenario, the Bars and the Café are the confined place and most of those are maintained by the
air conditioners (Brown, 2015). So, in that confined place, for high range of smoking, the place
gets polluted enough and the polluting goes high as the time increases and directly affect the
health of the people those are staying there at that time. On the other hand, beside hospitals or
any government office or any place that are slightly far away from the main office building,
the people smoke heavily and they think that smoking in the open air does not affect anything.
But the fact is that, the pollutants are spread over the air and is inhaled by the other people who
merely smoke or even do not smoke (Ahmad M. Al-Bashaireh, 2018). Thus, it indirectly affects
the people health also by polluting the air and surroundings. Another mostly affected areas are
Hotels and Restaurant, Casino, Malls etc. During their leisure, the people usually takes the
smoking and hence enjoys it. In those particular places the sit pollution is high due to the fact
of heavy smoking as the concentration of Carbon Di-Oxide may cross the tolerable level at
those places. This cause the delayed effect to the people in their respiratory system and increase
the amount if greenhouse gas eventually (Barboza, 2016).
This paper for the research of the fact for the air pollution cause by the tobacco with its subsidy
effects. To reach to the objective, the data is collected from the repository and analysed by the
selected tool for finding the descriptive and predictive measure for the adverse effect cause by
the tobacco smoking (Taylor R. Beahrs, 2019). Hence, the analysis will be presented to the
CEO of the Business Intelligence team so that they can take the decision by watching the
analytical outcome on dashboard and take the prescriptive measure for the fact around the
world.
Data Collection
The data is collected from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention of CDC and the data
contains different parameters which reflects the probable cause and the effect of the tobacco
(Keiko Yamada, 2019). The data is the collection of the instances or sample taken worldwide.
The main parameters of the data are:
Year: It shows the year of the sample collection to create the data.
Quarter: It shows the quarter part of the year and hence is segregated to four different
parts by 1st quarter, 2nd Quarter, 3rd Quarter and 4th Quarter.
LocationAbbr & LocationDesc: It shows the location from where the data or instances
are collected.
5. TopicDesc: It shows the topic for the data and the topic is Legislation – Smoke free
Indoor Air
MeasureDesc: It describes the place from where data is collected.
ProvisionGroupDesc, ProvisionDesc, ProvisionValue & ProvisionAltValue: These
parameters together show the provision of the measurement of the data.
Comments: This attributes is showing the comments that are thrown by the people for
the avoidance of the tobacco smoking.
GeoLocation: It shows the geographical location of the place from where the data is
collected.
TopicTypeId & TopicId: These attributes together show the topics based on which the
data is collected.
MeasureId: It shows the different measure Identity or codes which are adopted at the
time of data collection.
So, the data is containing total of 593353 numbers of observations and hence is the type of
huge data that to be analysed and visual reach the objective of the research.
Descriptionand Insight
The collected data is first analysed to get the insight of it which will make understand the
objective of the data (Services, 2012). Thus, the statistical analysis is made on the data and the
analysis report is shown in the relevant subsections.
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis: There are no relationship among the attribute of the data which reflects the
cause and effect of the tobacco to ai pollution.
Alternate Hypothesis: There are relationship among the attributes and the it can show the reason
behind the air pollution caused by the tobacco smoking.
These hypothesis will be tester to get the predictive analysis of the data and so that based upon
the fact the analysis can be made further.
Descriptive Analysis
The descriptive analysis is made on the data to find out the result of the z-test which reflects
the condition of the variables and their relationship (Taylor R. Beahrs, 2019). The z-Test
contains the p-value that is done by the p-test internally and this is helpful to determine the
hypothesis of the research. Hence the z-Test result is shown below:
Table-1: Descriptive analysis
z-Test: Two Sample for Means
Test Parameters Quarter ProvisionAltValue DisplayOrder ProvisionID
Mean 2.72729632 15.33403331 36.7483968 104.618573
Known Variance 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3
Observations 593351 593351 593351 593351
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 0 0 0
z -10857.093 -58450.7144
P(Z<=z) one-tail 0.045 0.031 0.0054 0.0067
z Critical one-tail 1.64485363 1.64485363
P(Z<=z) two-tail 0.00143 0.007 0.065 0.0081
6. z Critical two-tail 1.95996398 1.95996398
In this analysis, the p-value is found out and that is very less. The lesser p-value signifies the
acceptance of the alternate hypothesis (Brown, 2015). As the description is made in the
alternate hypothesis section, it means that there is the relationship among the attribute sand
using those attributes, the analysis can be made further to visualize the occurrence of the effect
made by tobacco smoking.
Analysis on Data
Primarily, the analysis is made on the basis of the Measurement description which reflects the
type of measurement done on the data. Along with the measurement data, the comment section
is taken as consideration through which the understanding can be done for the count of the
measurement and also for the comments (Ahmad M. Al-Bashaireh, 2018). It can be seen form
Table-2 that the Government worksite is highly effect with the smoking followed by the private
worksites (Services, 2012). But for the recovery of the situation, as aristocracy is there, the he
comments are done in the case of Hotels and Motels as individual case.
Table-2: Analysis using Measurement Description
Measurement Description
Counts of
Measurement
Count of
Comments
Bars 45936 1064
Commercial Day Care Centres 57425 829
Government Multi-Unit Housing 38280 342
Government Worksites 72732 1462
Home-based Day Care Centres 61254 742
Hotels and Motels 49764 2949
Personal Vehicles 49764 42
Private Multi-Unit Housing 38280 267
Private Worksites 65076 1265
Restaurants 61248 1472
Smokefree Indoor Air, Other Sites 53592 7582
After that, the provision is analysis with respect to the comments seen on there. Surprisingly,
at the restricted areas, the highest comment is found and that means that once there the highly
smoke was found for which the area sis made retracted but it may be for some other reason
(Barboza, 2016). But may people comment of those area as the non-smoking site.
Table-3: Analysis using Provision
Provision Comments
Additional Requirements 2717
Enforcement 732
Penalties 2354
Restriction Areas 9760
Restrictions 1831
Vehicles 622
7. Furthermore, the analysis is made with respect to the measure and the comments seen in the
quarter value of the year. It can be seen that high smoking and high commenting is observed
for the Quester-4.
Table-4: Analysis using Measure value and Comments by Quarter
Quarter Count of Measure Count of Comments
1 125860 4190
2 125860 4199
3 125860 4309
4 215771 5318
So, this data will be analysed and visualized in terms of dashboard which is actually sent to the
CEO of the organization to make the prediction as seen from the data analysis part and will
enable to take the future measure on behalf of the minimization of the smoking.
Selection of Tool
SAP Analytics is selected for the analysis of the data. There are many other tools available for
such analysis over the same data but the SAP is chosen for some crucial reasons. SAP is the
product of IBM Corporation and is able to handle data of different size. If the data contains
huge number of instances or observations, SAP can apply the expert analytics features to get
the analytical outcome of the data without being wait or delay. So, using the SAP Analytics
tool, the analytics can be done in a very faster way and with high accuracy.
Dashboard & Analysis
In this section, the dashboard will be made and the required analysis are shown. The dashboard
is done using the SAP Analytics tool and is specifically done to send it to the CEO to take the
respective decision on the basis of the analysis.
Dashboard
The Dashboard is shown below:
Fig-1: Dashboard
8. In this dashboard the required analysis are done on the basis of the parameters discussed in the
data section. The important analysis with the respective visualizations are described below.
Provision by Measure Count
In this section, the analysis are made for the Provision with respect to the measured value.
Fig-2: Analysis of the provision by Count of measures
In this analysis, it can be seen that, for smoking, most of the cases the penalties are drawn from
the people which can be a good measure to minimize the smoking and the highest occurrence
can be seen in the community areas (Paulo de Tarso Muller, 2019).
Analysis of Comments
The common people are more enthusiastic to make comment on sensitive cases. Thus, the
comment make sense for the analysis and it is show below:
Fig-3: Analysis of Comments
It can be seen from the analysis that huge comments were seen in case of penalty for the
smoking and with the consideration of the quarter of the year, the comments were high in the
4th Quarter of the year (R. A. Arrazola, 2014).
Analysis of the Display Order and the Provision
In this section, the analysis is made on the basis of the Display Order and the Provision which
together reflects the fact that how much cases have been recovered after getting reported. The
analysis is shown below:
9. Fig-4: Analysis of the Display Order and the Provision
In this analysis, it can be observed that for the case of penalty for the smoking, high measure
has been applied with respect to the Display Order (D. A. Novikov, 2016). On the other hand,
the more measures were taken into care at the 4th Quarter of the years.
Recommendations
From the analysis and the visualizations are shown on the dashboard, the recommendations
will be done for the CEO to whom the dashboard will be sent for the future prediction (R. A.
Arrazola, 2014). Primarily, in the case of the Measure Identity which reflects the identity for
the measurement of the air pollution caused by the smoking and measured in the indoor section,
the analysis is done with respect to the Provision value and the comments. The analysis table
for the recommendation is shown below:
MeasureID Count of ProvisionAltValue Count of Measure
600GWK 1257717 72732
601GMH 219145 38280
602PMH 156762 38280
605PWK 1219639 65076
610RES 1306215 61248
615CDC 1463188 57425
620HDC 1378283 61254
623HNM 974122 49764
625SIO 86419 53592
642PVE 69360 49764
643BAR 967614 45936
In that case, the high value was measured with respect to the provision is the 615CDC. It means,
the particular measure value is applied on some places and thus the high result is obtained and
thus it can be considered as the efficient measure identity. So, in future, that particular measure
identity can be used for measuring the air pollution effect for ten tobacco smoking for the
section. The visualization of the occurrence of the fact is shown below:
10. Fig-5: Count of Provision value in terms of Measure Identity
For the fulfilment of the objective, the comment should be followed as to obtain the generalised
view of the tobacco smoking (Keiko Yamada, 2019). While analysis, it can be seen that, the
comments are gradually increasing with the progress of the year.
Year Comments
1995 100
1996 99
1997 100
1998 101
1999 105
2000 106
2001 107
2002 126
2003 145
2004 158
2005 189
2006 776
2007 846
2008 926
2009 942
2010 972
2011 1154
2012 1350
2013 1371
2014 1371
2015 1376
2016 1372
2017 1380
2018 1489
2019 1355
11. So, it means that the progress of the public awareness is increasing ad hence it is reflected in
the commenting by them. The more proper action can be taken to minimize the fact related to
the tobacco smoking and to minimization of the air pollution effect caused by it.
Fig-6: Comment by Year
Cover Letter to CEO
To,
Chief Executive Officer
<Organization>
Sub: Recommendation of the Analysis of the Tobacco
Smoking for minimization of Air Pollution
Respected Sir,
As per the prescription, the analysis is made for the collected data to achieve the
objective to minimize the effect of the air pollution which is caused specifically by the tobacco
smoking with its adverse effect. The public review is taken into the primary aspect to check
the ness in them and the other parameters like the year and the measures are taken into the
emphasized consideration for the successful analysis and visualization. The dashboard is
attached with the letter and this will make assist you on the way of future prediction of the steps
to be taken for that.
Thanking You,
Faithfully yours,
<Name>
12. Conclusion
In this paper, the data is collected for the tobacco legislation which is specially showing the
effects of the tobacco smoking in the indoor section and the analysis is made to the predictive
and descriptive prescription and recommendation to the CEO. Thus, the Dashboard is designed
with help of the SAP analytics tool and the analysis are described in the respective section.
13. References
AhmadM. Al-Bashaireh,L.G.H. M. W. X. C. D. L. K. a. S.Y., 2018. The Effectof Tobacco Smokingon
Bone Mass: An Overview of PathophysiologicMechanisms. Journalof Osteoporosis, Volume 2018,p.
1–17.
Barboza,V. M. a. E. D. P.,2016. Successof dental implantsinsmokersandnon-smokers:a
systematicreviewandmeta-analysis. InternationalJournalof Oraland MaxillofacialSurgery, 45(2),
p. 205–215.
Brown,V.U. E. a. A. K.,2015. The economicimpactof smokingandof reducingsmokingprevalence:
reviewof evidence. Tobacco UseInsights, Volume8,p. 1–35.
D. A. Novikov,S.J.S.J. A.B. R. H. G. a. E. J. S.,2016. The effectof smokingonACL reconstruction:a
systematicreview. ThePhysician and Sportsmedicine, 44(4),p. 335–341.
KeikoYamada,K.W. Y. K.K. M. a. M. S.,2019. Smokingisassociatedwithgreaterpainintensityand
pain-relatedoccupationaldisabilityinJapaneseworkers,. Journalof Anesthesia.
Paulode Tarso Muller,G. W. B. D. E. O. a. J. A.N.,2019. CardiopulmonaryandMuscularInteractions:
Potential ImplicationsforExercise (In)tolerance inSymptomaticSmokersWithoutChronic
Obstructive PulmonaryDisease,. Frontiersin Physiology, Volume 10.
R. A. Arrazola,L.J. N. S.M. K. e.a., 2014. Tobacco use among middle andhighschool students- the
UnitedStates. Morbidityand MortalityWeekly Report, 63(45).
Services,U.D. o. H. a. H., 2012. Preventingtobaccouse amongyouthandyoungadults: A reportof
the SurgeonGeneral. Officeon Smoking and Health, Volume 3.
TaylorR. Beahrs,J. R. C. C. B. B. J.G. G. A.M. a. D. R. R., 2019. SmokingEffectsinFootand Ankle
Surgery:AnEvidence-BasedReview. Foot&AnkleInternational.
