1) There have been over 20 reported school fire incidents in Kenya in the last two weeks, with many schools affected including Meru School and Shinners Boys. Most fires have been caused by electric faults. 2) The document provides tips for fire safety at learning institutions, including designing buildings to reduce fire risk, installing alarm and detection systems, having evacuation plans, and regularly reviewing fire safety arrangements. 3) The main causes of school fires are deliberate fire raising, arson, discarded smoking materials, electrical faults, cooking, and laboratory experiments with flammable materials. The document advises what to do if the fire alarm sounds and provides guidance on fighting small fires and assisting disabled persons.

1. FIRE AWARENESS IN LEARNING INSTITUTIONS
By Amb Steve Mbugua Dir Makinika Afrika Int’l
In the last two weeks, more than 20 school fire incidents have been reported in Kenya. Some of
these schools are: - Meru School, Shinners Boys, Londiani High, Nyamache Boys, Machange
High etc. Most of these incidents have been reported to have been caused by electric fault. The
tips below will provide you with basic awareness of fire safety at the learning institutions. Please
study it carefully. These are all relatively straight forward matters but they are vitally important.
Fire is one of the major safety risks for learning institutions and any other workplace. Even if
everyone escaped from a building, afire could have a devastating effect on the business of the
learning institutions.
Here are some measures to reduce the risk from fires:-
• Buildings should be designed and managed to reduce the likelihood of fires starting
• Fire warning systems should be provided like smoke and fire detection and alarm systems
• Each building has a fire action plan to ensure its prompt evacuation
• Signposted escape routes provide quick and safe routes out from buildings
• Fire fighting equipment is provided for tackling small fires. They should be regularly inspected.
. Members of staff and some students to be taken through a Fire Safety training.
• The institution’s fire safety arrangements to be regularly reviewed by fire safety experts.

2. • Members of staff to be made aware of fire safety matters so they can play their role in the
institution’s fire safety arrangements and organize fire drills annually to test those arrangements.
Causes of fires
School Fires are not common occurrences but they do happen from time to time.
The main causes of fires in learning institutions have been:
• Deliberate fire raising (usually involving children or young adults and combustible waste
which has been put out for disposal)
. Arsonists
• Discarded smoking materials
• Electrical faults
• Portable heaters
• Cooking (which has been left unattended)
• Contract or operations (such as welding and other hot works)
• Laboratory experiments using highly flammable materials.
What to do if you hear the fire alarm
If you hear the alarm you should always assume that there is a fire somewhere in the building.
1. Commence evacuating the building quickly and calmly
2. Warn others in the vicinity, on their beds, in toilets and bath rooms.
3. Close any doors behind you but do not lock
4. Go to the assembly point.
Disabled persons
Some disabled people might need assistance if they cannot use the stairs unaided. Arrangements
need to be made in advance to provide this assistance.
This is usually through the preparation of a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (or “PEEP”)
for the individual. For disabled students, contact Student Support. For disabled members of staff
and visitors, contact the School’s Fire Safety Adviser.

3. Fighting a small fire
All buildings must have the appropriate fire appliances and extinguishers e.g. Water type, Dry
powder, foam and carbon dioxide extinguishers. Areas of special risk have dry
Powder and other types of extinguisher. Some areas also have water type extinguishers all
depending with the potential class of fire and as advised by Fire Safety Advisers.
WARNI NG - do not use foam or water on electrical fires. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are
provided for this purpose
A fire needs a source of heat, fuel and oxygen to start.
Preventing these components coming together in an uncontrolled manner prevents fires
starting. Removing one of the components will result in the fire being extinguished. This is the
basis on which fire extinguishers work.

4. It is important to have the appropriate signage as they will guide the students and other stake
holders incase a fire incident occurs.
Fire fighting requires the basic fire safety skills and courage. Always assess for your safety
before tackling the fire.
In fighting a small fire, if you have any doubts about your personal safety or if you lack
confidence in using an extinguisher, leave the fire and GET OUT and STAY OU T (and
remember to close the door behind you).
And finally..... .Take a few minutes NOW to:
• Identify your nearest means of escape along with an alternative escape route;

5. • Find the nearest fire alarm call point;
• Determine where the assembly point is for your building (it will be described
on the yellow/Red/Green FI RE notices in the building).
You will then be in a better position to respond if there were to be a fire in the building where
you work.
You should note that fire alarms in all buildings are tested regularly. This will give you the
opportunity to become familiar with the sound of the fire alarm in your building.
If you have any quest ions, in the first instance contact your supervisor or your local safety
adviser.
Fire prevention is better than fire fighting. It is necessary to contact a Fire Safety Adviser to help
you conduct a Fire Risk Assessment and develop procedures for both preventive and response
measures.
School Management should ensure that proper fire safety measures have been put in place. As
the Makinika Afrika Safety team, we help schools to conduct Fire safety training and awareness,
design, Fire action plan, Emergency Action plan, Advise on the appropriate Fire extinguishers,
install/mount the necessary and appropriate fire signages and provide Safety charts for students.

6. Please contact Makinika Afrika today via www.makinikaafrika.org or a
info@makinikaafrika.org , call 0204403040 or contact me directly through
mbuguasteve84@gmail.com or call 0724036078. Let us join hands to build a culture of safety
#FireSafety #SchoolSafety