Lecture

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
CYCLE: Preparedness

2. Contents:
 Fire Preparedness
 Earthquake Preparedness
 Volcanic Eruption Preparedness
 Floods, Tornadoes, Typhoons, Cyclones,
Tsunamis Preparedness
 Communication Plan
 Preparedness Planning
o Patterns of Survival
o PACE Planning

3. Disaster Preparedness
 Disaster Preparedness covers activities to
enhance the ability to predict, respond to,
and cope with the effect of a disaster.
 It includes pre-cautionary activities by
households, communities, and organizations
to react appropriately during, and following
the event.

4. Six Domains of Disaster
Preparedness
Community Resilience
Preparing for and recovering from emergencies
Incident Management
Preparing for and recovering from emergencies
Information Management
Making sure people have information to take action
Countermeasures and Mitigation
Getting medicines and supplies where they are needed
Surge Management
Expanding medical services to handle large events
Biosurveillance
Investigating and identifying health threats
Source: cdc.gov/phpr/readiness

5. Fire
Preparednes
s

6. Fire Preparedness
 The success of fire-fighting depends on a
number of factors which are as follows:
• Fire warning system
• Quantity of extinguishers
• Fire training
 Likewise it is essential for everybody to know
the type of fire and then extinguish it with
correct extinguisher in quick and effective
manner.

7. The Fire Triangle
 Four things must be
present at the same
time in order to
produce fire:
1. Enough oxygen to
sustain combustion
2. Enough heat to
raise the material
to its ignition
temperature
3. Some sort of fuel
or combustible
material and
4. The chemical,
exothermic
reaction that is fire

8. Classifications of Fuels
Class A-Wood, Paper, Cloth, Trash, Plastics, Solid,
combustible materials that are not metals
Class B-Flammable liquids: Gasoline. Oil, Grease,
Acetone, Any non-metal in a liquid state, on fire
Class C- Electrical: Energized electrical equipment as long
as it is “plugged in”, it would be considered a class C fire
Class D-Metals: Potassium, Sodium, Aluminum, Magnesium
Class K- Commercial cooking equipment: Cooking oils,
Animal fats, Vegetable oils

9. Eight (8) most common Fire
Hazards
1. Cooking
2. Christmas Trees
3. Children playing with fire
4. Lightning
5. Dryers and washer machines
6. Electrical and lighting
7. Smoking
8. Candles

10.  Use the stairs not the elevator
 Stay low
 Stop. Drop. Roll
 Seal off smoke
 Know the way out
 Test smoke alarms

11. 7 ways to Prepare for a
Home Fire
1. Install the right number of smoke alarms.
Test them once a month and replace the
batteries at least once a year.
2. Teach children what smoke alarms sound
like and what to do when they hear one.
3. Ensure that all household members know
two ways to escape from every room of your
home and know the family meeting spot
outside of your home.

12. 7 ways to Prepare for a
Home Fire
4. Establish a family emergency communications
plan and ensure that all household members know
who to contact if they cannot fine one another.
5. Practice escaping from your home at least twice a
year. Press the smoke alarm test button or yell
“fire” to alert everyone that they must get out.
6. Make sure everyone knows how to call 9-1-1 (EO
No.56 issued by the Office of the President
Duterte July 20, 216)
7. Teach household members to STOP, DROP, and
ROLL if their clothes should catch on fire.

13. Parts of a Fire Extinguisher

14. How to Use a Fire
Extinguisher (PASS)
1. Pull the pin- to allow you to
discharge the extinguisher.
2. Aim at the Base of the Fire- if
you aim at the flames, the
extinguishing agent will fly right
through and do no good.
3. Squeeze the top handle or lever-
this depresses a button that releases
the pressurized extinguishing agent in
the extinguisher.
4. Sweep from side to side-
start using the extinguisher
from a safe distance away,
then move forward. Once the
fire is out, keep an aye on the
area in case re-ignites.

15. Types of Fire Extinguishers
 APW stands for “air-pressurized
water” APWs are large, silver,
extinguishers which are filled about
two-thirds of the way with ordinary
tap water, then pressurized with
normal air.
 APWs stand about 2 feet tall and
weigh approximately 25 pounds when
full. They are designed for class A
fires only.
1. Air-Pressurized Water (APW) Extinguishers

16. Points to Remember About Water
extinguishers
 Never use water to extinguish
flammable liquid fires.
 Never use water to extinguish an
electrical fire. Water is a good
conductor, and there is some concern
for electrocution.
 APWs extinguish fire by taking away
the “heat” element of the fire triangle.

17. Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers
 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers are filled with extreme
pressure. You can recognize a CO2 extinguisher by
its hard horn and lack of pressure gauge.
 The pressure in the cylinder is so
great that when you use it, bits of
dry ice may shoot out the horn.
 CO2 cylinders are red and range
in size from 5 lbs to 100 lbs or
larger.

18.  CO2 extinguishers fire by displacing oxygen or
taking away the oxygen element of the fire
triangle.
 CO2 may be ineffective at extinguishing class A
fires because they may not be able to displace
enough oxygen to successfully put the fire out.
 Class A materials may also smolder and re-ignite.
 CO2s will frequently be found in lab, mechanical
rooms, kitchens, and flammable liquid storage
areas.
 All CO2s extinguishers should undergo hydrostatic
testing and recharge every five years.
Points to Remember Carbon
Dioxide Extinguishers

19. Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical Extinguishers
 Come in a variety of types. You may see them labeled:
• “DC” short for “dry chem”
• “ABC” indicating that they are designed to extinguish
class A, B, and C fires, or
• “BC” indicating that they are designed to extinguish
class B and C fires.
 “ABC” fire extinguishers are filled with a fine
yellow powder. The greatest portion of this
powder is composed of Monoammonium
phosphate.
 Nitrogen is used to pressurize the
extinguishers.
 ABC are red and range in size from 5 lbs to 20
lbs.

20.  Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating
the fuel with a thin layer of dust, separating the
fuel from the oxygen in the air. The powder also
works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire.
 These extinguishers will be found in a variety of
locations. They may be found in labs, mechanical
rooms, break rooms, chemical storage areas,
offices, university vehicles, etc.
 Dry chemical extinguishers with powder designed
for class B and C fires may be located in places
such as commercial kitchens or areas with
flammable liquids.
Points to Remember Dry Chemical
Extinguishers

21. Precautionary Measures and
Proper Procedures in
Addressing a Fire Incident
 Know the address of the property and the number
of the local fire department.
 Scan the property for the fire evacuation plan.
Inspect all possible areas for exits and escape
routes during a fire.
 Observe regular fire safety inspections. Regular
inspections can ensure that the active and passive
fire safety measures are still functioning and to be
able to detect dangerous practices that may led to
fire.

22. Precautionary Measures and
Proper Procedures in
Addressing a Fire Incident
 Install smoke alarms in every sleeping room,
outside the sleeping room and on every level of
the house.
 Choose an outside meeting place, somewhere
close enough for easy access but far enough
from the fire hazard.
 In case of a real fire stay out and go to the
meeting place and under no circumstance
should you go back inside the burning property.

23. Precautionary Measures and
Proper Procedures in
Addressing a Fire Incident
 Do your best to try to prevent or lessen any
fire causing hazards as early as possible to
minimize damages.
 After fire, do temporary repairs to damaged
roofs, walls, and window openings as soon
as possible to weather tight the
building/house.

24. Rules for Fighting Fire
 Sound the Alarm
 Leave the Building
 Call the Fire
Department
 Never fight a Fire
 Always keep an
exit at your back

25. Earthquake
Preparednes
s

26. A.What to do Before an
Earthquake?
 Keep a battery powered radio, flash light,
and first aid kits.
 Learning first aid is a MUST.
 Avoid keeping heavy objects in high
shelves.
 Fasten heavy appliances to the floor, and
anchor heavy furniture to the wall.
 Discuss earthquake safety school in
school and at home.

27. A.What to do Before an
Earthquake?
 Conduct earthquake drills
in school and at home.
 Keep some food and
drinking water, good for 3
to 7 days.
 Have home and school
emergency evacuation
plan.
 Know the responsibilities
during emergency.

28. B.What to do During an
Earthquake?
 Remain calm: Don’t panic.
 Stay away from buildings, trees, if you’re outside.
 If indoors, stand against a wall near the center of
the building or get under a sturdy table and make
sure that one’s head is covered.
 Stay away from windows and outside doors,
cabinets, mirrors, and bookshelves.
 If one is in a high-rise building, make sure to
stand against a column or under a table or a
desk.

29. B.What to do During an
Earthquake?
 If outdoors, stay in an open
place and keep away from
overhead electric wires and
bridges.
 When one is in a moving
vehicle, refrain from going to
bridges, keep away from
overpasses and stay inside
the vehicle until the
earthquake stops.
 In the event of an earthquake,
it is important to “DROP,
COVER, and HOLD”.

30. C.What to do After an
Earthquake?
 Check oneself and nearby people for injury and
provide first aid.
 Turn on the radio or TV for emergency instructions.
 Reduce the use of phone lines because it may be
required for conveying some important messages.
 Stay out of damaged buildings.
 Wear helmets and gloves to protect against
shattered glasses and debris.
 Check appliances, electrical lines, water, and gas
for damage. Do not turn on anything until checked.

31. C.What to do After an
Earthquake?
 Avoid lighting matches, using any
open flames, or turning on appliances
or electrical switches until you are
sure that there are no gas leaks.
 Check if there are any spilled
bleaches, medicines, gasoline and
other flammable liquids and clean it
up.
 Listen to the radio for instructions on
public safety.
 Anticipate and prepare yourself for
aftershocks. This could lead to further
damages on already weakened
structure.

32. How to conduct an
Earthquake Drill
Stage 1: Planning/Organizing the Earthquake Drill
Stage 2: Developing the School Earthquake
Evacuation Plan
Stage 3: Orientation prior to the conduct of
earthquake drill
Stage 4: Actual conduct of Earthquake Drill

33. Phases of Earthquake Drill

34. Volcanic
Eruption
Preparedness

35. A.What to do Before a
Volcanic Eruption?
 Learn about your community warning systems
and emergency plans
 Make a Family Emergency Plan, evacuation
plan, emergency communication plan.

36. B.What to do Before a
Volcanic Eruption?
 Follow the evacuation order issued by
authorities and evacuate immediately from
the volcano area
 Be aware of mudflows.
 Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.
 Remembering to help your neighbors who
may require special assistance.
 Protect yourself from falling ash.

37. B.What to do Before a
Volcanic Eruption?
 Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
 use goggles and wear eyeglasses.
 Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over your face
help with breathing.
 Stay away from areas downwind from the volcano to
avoid volcano ash.
 Close doors, windows, and all ventilation in the house.
 Clear heavy ash from flat or low-pitched roofs ad rain
gutters.
 Avoid running car or truck engines.
 Avoid driving in heavy ash fall unless absolutely
required.

38. C.What to do after a Volcanic
Eruption?
 Keep windows, doors, and dampers
closed until ashfall ends.
 If possible, stay away from volcanic ashfall
areas. Cover your mouth and nose.
 Go to a designated public shelter if you
have been told to evacuate or you feel it is
unsafe to remain in your home.

39. Floods, Tornados,
Typhoons, and
Tsunamis Preparedness

40. A.What to do before and during a
Typhoon/Cyclone:
 Listen to radio or TV weather reports & alert everyone
through a loud speaker or by going house to house.
 Identify safe shelter in your area.
 Keep your emergency kit and basic food supply,
medicines, torch, and batteries ready.
 Doors, windows, roof and walls should be strengthened
before the cyclone season through retrofitting and
repairing.
 Store adequate food grains and water in safe places.
 Remain indoors until advised that the typhoon/cyclone
has passed away.

41. B.What to after a
Typhoon/Cyclone:
 Do not go out until officially advised that it
is safe. If evacuated, wait till advised to go
back.
 Use the recommended route to return to
your home.
 Be careful of broken power lines, damaged
roads and house, fallen trees, etc.

42. A.What to do before, during, and after
a Storm Surge:
 Avoid staying in coastal areas.
 Cancel all beach trips and travelling in water.
 Elevate all your belongings to avoid them soaking in
water.
 Do not wait for the water to reach you. Evacuate
immediately when authorities advise to do so.
 Return to your homes only when authorities have
declared a danger-free situation.
 Beware of live wires. The surrounding is wet and is
prone to electricity ground.
 Do not use appliances soaked in water. Make sure to
dry them up first.

43. Assembling Emergency Kit
 Where to start
 Water
 Food
 Communication & light
 First Aid
 Shelter & Clothing
 Comfort and Cleanliness
Where to Start:
1. Who is this kit for?
2. What kinds of
emergencies could
affect me?
Water
• One gallon of clean
water on hand per
person per day
• Portable water
filtering straw such
as LifeStraw.
Food
• Include easy-to-eat
foods like energy
bars, beef jerky,
nuts, dried fruits
• Be sure to keep
foods that you and
your family like.
Communication & Light
• Have a battery-
operated radio will keep
you informed of
changes in weather,
evacuations, & other
important emergency
info.
• Have a fully charged
power bank
• Have easily accessible
individual lights on
hand
First Aid
• Gather bandages, gauze,
antibiotic ointment, and
pain medications to create
a basic just-in-case kit.
• Add items like burn cream,
elastic bandages, allergy
medicine, tourniquets and
other first aid items.
• Label everything and put
everything in waterproof
containers especially items
with adhesives.
Shelter & Clothing
• Should include at least
one extra set of clothes
for each person using
the kit, along with a
blanket.
• May also include a
waterproof tarp for
extra coverage
Comfort & Cleanliness
• Keep baby wipes,
personal hygiene items,
and garbage bags
• Paper plates, and
plastic utensils will
make cleaning up after
meals easier
• Have some simple card
games and favorite
books

44. The 10 Preparedness Skills
1. Cooking
2. Exercise
3. Making things from scratch
4. Sewing
5. Maintenance
6. First Aid
7. Mindset
8. Self-Defense
9. Fire
10.Homestead/Off grid

45. PAGASA Rainfall Warning
System
 PAGASA is the Philippine national institution
dedicated to providing flood and typhoon warnings,
public weather forecasts and advisories,
meteorological, astronomical, climatological and
other specialized information and services primarily
for the protection of life and property and in support
of economic, productivity, and sustainable
development.
 The government agency was created on December
8, 1972, by virtue of PD 78 reorganizing the
Philippine Weather Bureau into PAGASA.

46.  The government’s arm for disaster preparedness is
the NDRRMC which sends out weather alerts to all
Filipino mobile users whenever the country is going
to experience a typhoon. Or more intense than usual
rainfall.
 The NDRRMC converts a rainfall warning advisory
from PAGASA into a brief understandable message
in Filipino before forwarding it to telecommunications
companies for the public dissemination through RA
10368.
 RA 10368 aka Free Mobile Disaster Alerts Act
mandates that telcos provide mobile phone users
with the free distribution of alerts from the NDRRMC
and other related government agencies.

47. Color-Coded Rainfall
Advisories

48. Universal Emergency
Code System

49. Communication Plan: Universal
Emergency Code System

50. PACE for Healthcare
Emergency
Communications Planning
 PACE is a methodology developed by the
US Military to help build resilient
communication plans for organizations that
need to ensure communications regardless
of the situation.
 PACE is an acronym fro Primary, Alternate,
Contingency, and Emergency

51.  Primary the best and intended method of
communication between parties.
 Alternate common but less-optimal method of
accomplishing the task. Often monitored
concurrently with primary means.
 Contingency method will not be as fast
as/easy/inexpensive/convenient as the first two
methods but is capable of accomplishing the
task.
 Emergency method of last resort and typically
has significant delays, costs, and/or impacts.
Often only monitored when the other means fail.

54. Shelter in Place or Bugging
Out?
 Shelter in Place means you’re staying
put wherever you are, whether it’s
work, school, at home, or even in your
vehicle.
 “Bug Out” means to evacuate your
home in the face of a crisis

55. Thank You
!