Woodworking Machines Guide for Furniture Design

PREPARED BY :
SOUMYA SHARMA
BACHELOR OF INTERIOR DESIGN 4TH SEMESTER [2017-21]
FURNITURE DESIGN AND DETAILING
AMITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
WOOD AND METALWORKING
TECHNIQUES

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SOUMYA SHARMA
CONTENTS
1> WOODWORKING MACHINES
2> ARTISANAL AND HOBBY MACHINES [ HAND-HELD POWER TOOLS ]
3> PANEL DIVIDING EQUIPMENTS
4>(WOOD AND METAL WORKING) STATIONARY MACHINES
5> METALWORWING MACHINES [ VMC,HMC,CNC,TURRET,PLASMA,FIBER LASER
MACHINES ]

PREPARED BY :
SOUMYA SHARMA
WOODWORKING MACHINES
• A woodworking machine is a wood machine that is intended to process wood.
• These machines are usually powered by electric motors and are used extensively in woodworking.
• Sometimes grinding machines (for grinding woodworking down in to smaller pieces a wood worker shall
be for but also tools) are also considered a part of woodworking machinery.
TYPESOFWORKING
MACHINERY
ARTISANAL AND HOBBY
MACHINES
HAND-HELD POWER TOOLS
STATIONARY MACHINES
PANEL LINE/SURFACE
PROCESSING
PANEL DIVIDING
EQUIPMENT
DOUBLE END TENONER
PANEL BORING EQUIPMENT
PANEL EDGE PROCESSING
EQUIPMENTS
PANEL AUTOMATIC
PACKING EQUIPMENT

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ARTISANAL AND HOBBY MACHINES
• These machines are used both in small-scale commercial production of timber
products and by hobbyists.
• Machines can be divided into the bigger stationary machines where the machine
remains stationary while the material is moved over the machine, and hand-
held power tools, where the tool is moved over the material.
1> BISCUIT AND DOMINO JOINER
• Join two pieces of wood together.
• An oval-shaped, highly dried and compressed wooden biscuit (beech or particle wood) is covered with
glue, or glue is applied in the slot. The biscuit is immediately placed in the slot, and the two boards are
clamped together.

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2> CHAIN SAW
A portable, mechanical saw which cuts with a set of teeth
attached to a rotating chain that runs along a guide bar. It is used
in activities such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning,
cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression and harvesting
of firewood.
3> HAND-HELD CIRCULAR SAW
Circular saw blades are specially designed for each particular
material they are intended to cut and in cutting wood are
specifically designed for making rip-cuts, cross-cuts, or a
combination of both.
4> ELECTRIC DRILL
A drill is a tool primarily used for making round holes or driving
fasteners.
5> JIG/SCROLL SAW
A jigsaw is a saw which uses a reciprocating blade to cut
irregular curves, such as stenciled designs, in wood, metal, or

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6> MITER/DROP/CHOP SAW
A saw used to make accurate crosscuts and miters in
a workpiece by pulling a large backsaw or a
mounted circular saw blade down onto a board in a
quick motion.
7> NAIL GUN
A type of tool used to drive nails into wood or some
other kind of material. It is usually driven
by compressed air (pneumatic), electromagnetism,
highly flammable gases such as butane or propane,
or, for powder-actuated tools, a small explosive
charge.
8> ELECTRIC PLANE
A hand plane is a tool for shaping wood using muscle
power to force the cutting blade over the wood
surface. Some rotary power planers are
motorized power tools used for the same types of

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9> RECIPROCATING SAW
A reciprocating saw is a type of machine-powered saw in which the
cutting action is achieved through a push-and-pull ("reciprocating")
motion of the blade.
10> ROTARY TOOL
Die grinders and rotary tools are handheld power tools used
for grinding, sanding, honing, polishing, or machining material
(typically metal, but also plastic or wood).
11> ROUTER
A router is a hand tool or power tool that a worker uses to rout
(hollow out) an area in relatively hard material like wood or
plastic. Routers are mainly used in woodworking,
especially cabinetry.
12> SANDER
A sander is a power tool used to smooth surfaces
by abrasion with sandpaper. Sanders have a means to attach the
sandpaper and a mechanism to move it rapidly contained within a
housing with means to hand-hold it or fix it to a workbench.

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ALSO USED FOR MOLDING PROFILES
ROUTER BITS TYPES

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SANDER BACKING PLATES,
USED FOR REMOVING ABRASION
FROM ANY SURFACE

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(WOOD AND METAL WORKING) STATIONARY MACHINES
1> BANDSAW
A bandsaw (also written band saw) is a saw with a long, sharp blade consisting of
a continuous band of toothed metal stretched between two or more wheels to
cut material. They are used principally in woodworking, metalworking,
and lumbering, but may cut a variety of materials.
2> COMBINATION SAW
It combines the functions of two or more separate machines into a single unit.
For example, a combination machine might consist of a table saw with a side
mounted jointer. Another common example of this type of machine is the jointer-
thicknesser (also known as an over-under) which combines the function of a
jointer with that of a planer.
3> DOUBLE SIDE AND FOUR SIDED PLANER
A thickness planer planes one side of a board at a time, giving a board of
consistent thickness
and with smooth surfaces. The cutter head is guided by the opposite surface of
the board.
It is different to a surface planer, or jointer, where the cutter head is set into the
bed surface.

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4> DRUM SANDER
A drum sander is a powerful tool with replaceable abrasive sheets that sand wood flooring
to a smooth, dazzling finish.
5> DRILL PRESS
Drilling Machine, device for producing holes in hard substances. The drill is held in a
rotating spindle and is fed into the workpiece, which is usually clamped in a vise resting
on a table.
6> BENCH GRINDER
A bench grinder is a benchtop type of grinding machine used to drive abrasive wheels.
These types of grinders are commonly used to hand grind various cutting tools and perform
other rough grinding.
7> JOINTER
A woodworking machine used to produce a flat surface along a board's length. As a jointer,
the machine operates on the narrow edge of boards, preparing them for use as butt joints
or gluing into panels.

PREPARED BY :
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DRILLING PRESS TOOLS

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HOLD THE GRINDER PLACE THE MATERIAL AND
OPERATE THE MACHINE
FINISHED EDGE
WORKING OF BENCH
GRINDER

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8> MORTISER
A mortiser or morticer is a specialized woodworking machine used to cut square
or rectangular holes in a piece of lumber(timber), such as a mortise in
a mortise and tenon joint.
9> PIN ROUTER
it can plunge-cut, groove, bore and excavate for inlay. The overarm router can
also cut mortises, tenons and rabbets.
10> RADIAL ARM SAW
a radial arm saw may be configured with a dado blade to create cuts
for dado, rabbet or half lap joints. In addition some radial arm saws allow the
blade to be turned parallel to the back fence, allowing a rip cut to be
performed.
11> WOOD LATHE
a machine used to form a piece of wood into a desired shape, whether it be
bowl, spindle, vase or a variety of other useful and/or decorative wood items.
12> PANEL SAW
A panel saw is any type of sawing machine that cuts sheets into sized parts.
Panel saws can be vertical or horizontal.

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WOOD LATHE
WORKING

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WOOD LATHE TOOLS

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13> SPINDLE MOULDER
A moulder is a shaper used to shape wood with profiled
cutters (also known as knives, and blades). Most moulders
require the cutters to be secured into a cutterhead that
mounts on the shaft of the machine; some cutters bolt
directly onto the shaft of the machine. The wood being fed
into a moulder is commonly referred to as either “stock” or
“blanks”.
14> TENONER
Tenoners are woodworking machines that are used to produce
tenons, projecting wooden members that fit into a mortise.
15> ROUND POLE MILLING MACHINE
Wood round pole milling machine most used for converting
square wood into round shape.
16> ROUND POLE SANDING MACHINE
Used for sanding round-section sticks or curved rods, such as
round chair backs, drum sticks, arrows, etc.

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SPINDLE MOULDING
TOOLS
PROFILE TYPES

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PANEL LINE WOODWORKING MACHINES
These machines are used in large-scale manufacturing of cabinets and other wooden or panel
products.
1> PANEL DIVIDING EQUIPMENT
This includes Intelligent Panel Saw Operator Assistance System
For example:

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2> DOUBLE END TENONER
Double end tenoner, classified by conveyor type
•Rolling chain system conveyor speed 40 to 120
m/min
•Sliding chain system conveyor speed 10 to 30
m/min
USED FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF FURNTURE
ELEMENTS,FLOORING (PVC,LAMINATE,RUBBER)
SHEETS ETC.

PREPARED BY :
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3> Panel edge processing equipment
Panel edge processing equipment, classified by
conveyor speed
•High speed edgebander conveyor speed >= 100
m/min
•Heavy duty edgebander conveyor speed >= 24
m/min
•Light duty edgebander conveyor speed < 20 m/min
(i.e. 8, 12 or 16 m/min)

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4> Panel boring equipment
Classified by number of boring heads
•Single line boring machine
•Multi line boring machine

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METALWORWING
MACHINES1> FIBER LASER CUTTING MACHINE
Advantage:
(1)Metal precise cutting powered by fiber laser technology. The quality fiber
laser beam results in faster cutting speeds and higher quality cuts compared
to other cutting solutions.
(2) The key advantage of a fiber laser is its short beam wavelength
(1,064nm).This makes the fiber laser become a perfect tool for cutting
metal sheets of stainless steel, carbon steel, mild steel, aluminum, brass,
etc.
(3)The use of highly reliable single emitter diodes with projected lifetimes
greater than 100,000 hours of continuous or pulsed operation.

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FIBER LASER CUTTING MACHINE
WORKING

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2> Plasma machines
Plasma cutting is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means
of an accelerated jet of hot plasma. Typical materials cut with a plasma
torch include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper, although other
conductive metals may be cut as well.
There are 3 main configurations of CNC Plasma Cutting
A> 2-dimensional / 2-axis plasma cutting
1> The most common and conventional form of CNC Plasma Cutting.
2> Producing flat profiles, where the cut edges are at 90 degrees to the material surface.
High powered CNC plasma cutting beds are configured in this way, able to cut profiles
from metal plate up to 150 mm thick.
METALWORWING
MACHINES

PREPARED BY :
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B> 3-dimensional / 3+ Axis plasma cut
1> A process for producing flat profiles from
sheet or plate metal.
2> The introduction of an additional axis of
rotation, the cutting head of a CNC plasma
cutting machine can tilt whilst being taken
through a conventional 2-dimensional cutting
path.
3> The result of this is cut edges at an angle
other than 90 degrees to the material
surface, for example 30-45 degree angles.
This angle is continuous throughout the
thickness of the material. This is typically
applied in situations where the profile being
cut is to be used as part of a welded
fabrication as the angled edge forms part of
the weld preparation.
4>The angular cutting capability of 3-
dimensional plasma cutting can also be used
to create countersunk holes and chamfer

PREPARED BY :
SOUMYA SHARMA
C> Tube and section
plasma cutting
Used in the
processing of tube,
pipe or any form of
long section. The
plasma cutting head
usually remains
stationary whilst the
workpiece is fed
through, and rotated
around its
longitudinal axis.

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METALWORWING
MACHINES3> TURRET PRESS
A turret punch or turret press is a type of punch press used for metal forming by punching.
A typical CNC turret punch has a choice of up to 60 tools in a "turret" that can be rotated to bring
any tool to the punching position. A simple shape (e.g., a square, circle, or hexagon) is cut directly
from the sheet.
Most turret punches are CNC-controlled, with automatic positioning of the metal sheet beneath
the tool and programmed selection of particular tools. A CAM process first converts the CAD design
for the finished item into the number of individual punch operations needed, depending on the
tools available in the turret.

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4> VMC (VERTICAL MACHINING
CENTER )
 As opposed to the machining with
a horizontal machining center
(HMC), CNC machines with the
vertical machining centers (VMC)
have vertically oriented spindles.
 VMC workpieces are usually
mounted on top of their table and
perform standard 2.5 or 3 axis
machining operations.
 VMC are useful for creating the
parts, die or molds with precision,
accuracy, repeat-ability and surface
finishes.
 The term ‘machining center’ almost
always describes the CNC
(Computer Numerical Control)
milling and drilling machines that
have an automatic tool changer and

PREPARED BY :
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5> HORIZONTAL MACHINING CENTRE
Horizontal Machining, also known as milling, relies on rotary cutters to remove metal from a
workpiece. Horizontal machining occurs on a horizontal machining center (HMC), which
employs a spindle that is parallel to the ground floor.
With a horizontally oriented spindle, tools stick out of the side of the tool holder and cut
across the side of a workpiece, encouraging chips to fall away from the table.
Horizontal machining centers also allow for two-pallet changer integration to facilitate
unattended operation and reduce part cycle times.

Woodworking Machines Guide for Furniture Design

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Woodworking Machines Guide for Furniture Design