2. CARPENTRY SHOP
Introduction:-Carpentry may be define as the process of
making wooden goods and components, viz. roofs, floors,
partitions, door etc., with the help of carpentry tools. To
understand it, basic knowledge of all the materials and
tools used in carpentry is necessary. Study of timber, the
tools used, methods of joining and processes employed in
the carpenter’s shop. The term ‘joinery’ denotes connecting
the wooden parts with different joints.
3. DESCRIPTION OF TOOL AND EQUIPMENTS:-
Measuring and Marking Tools:-
Folding Rule:- It is wooden scale consisting of four pieces each 150 mm
long joined together by hinges. It is mainly used for measuring and setting out
dimensions.
4. Try square:- It is consist of a steel blade fitted into a metallic stock at right
angle. It is used for measuring and testing of the plane surfaces, draw parallel
lines at right angle to a planed surface, draw mutually perpendicular lines over a
plane surface test the squareness of two adjacent surfaces.
5. Scribers:- It is a steel rod having sharp point at one end. It is mainly used for
locating, marking points and scribing lines on wood surface.
6. Marking Gauge:- It is consisting of wooden stem stock of rectangular or
square cross section and scribing pin. It is used for scribing lines parallel to a
finish face or edge.
7. Holding and Supporting Tools:-
Carpentry Work Bench:- It is heavy of rigid construction made of
hard wood two or four carpentry vice are fitted on opposite side to hold the
work piece during the operations.
8. Carpentry Bench Vice:-
Vice are fitted on work bench to hold the job during operations inside opposite
faces of the jaws are fitted with wooden liners so as to prevent damaging of job
surfaces.
9. Bar Clamp or T-Clamp:- It consists of a steel bar fitted with a
threaded spindle and an adjustable shoe. It is used for holding the glued pieces
tightly or holding firmly two or more unglued pieces and for other carpentry
operations.
10. C-Clamp:- It consist of a malleable iron frame that can swivelled and steel
screw to which is fitted to a thumbscrew.
11. Cutting tools:- The cutting tools may be broadly classified as
follows:
(a) Saws (b) Adze (c) Chisels
SAWS:- Sawing means cutting of wood along the grains. The main parts of a
saw are blade and handle. The blade is made of thin steel and its main parts are
Point and Heel. The handle is made of wood, riveted to the blade. The saws vary
in shape and size. The size of saw is the length of the blade in mm. The tooth is
specified by its pitch and the angle. The teeth are bent slightly to the left and
right alternately to enable the blade to pass through the cut smoothly. This
bending of teeth is called Setting of saws.
12. The common types of saws in use carpentry shop.
1) Rip saw
2) Dovetail saw
3) Compass saw
4) Keyhole saw
RIP SAW COMPASS SAW
DOVETAIL SAW
KEYHOLE SAW
13. ADZE:- An adze consists of a wooden handle and a high carbon steel head one
side of the adze is levelled to form a cutting edge. It is used for removing the bark
of at tree and splitting wood along the grains.
14. CHISELS:- Chisels are cutting tools consisting of steel blade and a
wooden handle. They are used for fitting, shaping and surface decoration of
wooden pieces. The cutting edge of a chisel is ground accurately to get
accurately finished surfaces.
Different types of chisels are used in carpentry shop:-
a) Firmer chisels (c) Bevelled edge firmer chisels
b) Socket chisels (d) Mortise chisel
FIRMER CHISELS BEVELLED EDGE FIRMER CHISELS
SOCKET CHISELS MORTISE CHISELS
15. Planning Tools:-
Jack Plane :- (a) Iron Jack Plane (b) Wooden Jack Plane
( c) Block Plane (d) Electric Hand Planer
Iron Jack Plane:- It is used for planning of wood surfaces. Its whole body is
made of cast iron provided with wooden handle all the main parts of this
plane.
16. Wooden Jack Plane:- A jack plane is used for the first trying up of a piece of
wood. It consists of a block of a wood into which a wooden wedge fixes the
blade. The blade is set an angle of 450.
17. Block Plane:- A block plane is a small metal-bodied woodworking hand
plane which typically has the blade bedded at a lower angle than other planes,
with the bevel up. It is designed to cut end grain and do touchup or finish work.
Electric Hand Planer :- Two carbide blades spinning on a cutter head are
the heart of a power planer. Using the depth adjustment knob, control the
bite of your blades by raising or lowering the movable front sole plate (or
“shoe”).
18. Boring and Drilling Tools:- Boring tools are used frequently for making round
holes in wood. They are selected according to the type and purpose of the hole.
The commonly used for boring and drilling tools are:-
1) Country drill (2) Hand Drill (3) Auger (4) Gimlet
Country Drill
Hand Drill
Auger Gimlet
19. Striking Tools:- Various wood working tools like chisels and nails need striking
from above to drive them into wood. Striking is also needed foe assembly of
different parts.
The most commonly used striking tools in a carpentry shop are hammers and mallets.
Hammers :- 1. Claw Hammer 2. Warrington Hammer
Mallets: - 1. Round Mallet 2. Rectangular Mallet
20. Miscellaneous Tools:- Following are the tools which is used by a carpenter
in addition to the tools already discussed in the previous articles
Screw driver :- There are used for driving the wooden steel screws into the
wood or for unscrewing them.
Pincer:- Its main use is to pull out small nails from wood.
21. Rasp and files:-
It is used to make the wood surface smooth, remove sharp edges, finish fillets and other
interior surface.
This file is inclusively used in woodwork only.
22. Carpentry Joints:- When two or more surfaces form a close fitting, it is called
a joint. Joinery is the art of making joints. The joints made in wood-work are
usually secure firmly by means of suitable fasteners such as dowels, screws, nuts,
bolts etc.
Classifications of joints:-
The various joints are classified below:-
1) T-Lap joints 6. Butt joints
2) Mortise and tenon joints 7. Miter joint
3) Briddle joints 8. Rabbet joint
4) Open or through dovetail joints 9. Daddo joint
5) Blind mortise & tenon joints
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26. WOOD WORKING LATHE MACHINE
Introduction:- It is one of the most important machines used in a carentry
shop, employed primarily for turning parts. Parts manufactured by this machine
are cylindrical and tapered in shape.
27. Parts of Wood working lathe machine
1) Head stock
2) Face plate
3) Three pin live centre
4) Cone pulley
5) Motor fix plate
6) Electric motor
7) Tail stock
8) Hand wheel
Cutting tools of Wood working lathe machine
1) Round Nose Tools ½ inch
2) Round Nose Tools 1 inch
3) Parting or Spear points tools
4) Skew tool 700
9) Spindle
10) Spindle lock
11) Revolving centre
12) Tail stock locking bolt
13) Bed
14) Tool rest clamp
15) Tool rest
16) Legs
28. Precautions
1) Cutting should be done away from the body during sawing.
2) Tools are always kept well on working bench
3) The wooden work piece should be held rigidly on the bench vice before
operations.
4) Tools should operated by handling from right position.
5) Always wear shoe and apron during operations.
29. Job No.-1
Object:- To make a Mortise – Tenon joint and cylindrical job as per as given
drawing.
Material Required:- Mango Wood Size: 15 x 3.5 cm; 10 x 3.5 cm
Wooden Screw :- 2.5 cm
Cylindrical Job Size:- 30 x 3 x 3 cm
Tools Required :-
1) Steel Rule
2) Try Square
3) Scriber
4) Carpentry Work Bench
5) Carpentry Bench Vice
6) Bar Clamp or T- Clamp
7) C- Clamp
30. 8) Saws
9) Chisels
10) Planer
11) Claw Hammer
12) Pincer
13) Rasp Cut File
Wood Working Lathe Machine
1) Hammer
2) Centre Punch
3)Scriber
4)Steel Rule
5)Tenon Saw
6) Round Nose Tools ½ inch
7) Round Nose Tools 1 inch
8) Parting or Spear points tools
9) Skew tool 700
31. Theory :- What is carpentry shop and its uses.
Procedure :- Write Point Wise
