This Lecture is presented by our volunteer Laraib Elahi, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Nanobots: The Artificial Blood. " For video: https://youtu.be/TsUgvOh6tOA

1. PRESENTED BY
LARAIBELAHI
NANOBOTS :THE ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

2. THE OVERVIEW
 DISCOVERY OF NANOBOTS
 NANOBOTS
 NANOBOTS : THE ARTIFICIAL BLOOD
 COMPONENTS OF RESPIROCYTES
 HOW DO RESPIROCYTES WORK
 APPLICATIONS OF RESPIROCYTES
NANOBOTS
 RISKS DUE TO RESPIROCYTES NANOBOTS
 COMPARISON BETWEEN NATURAL RBCs
AND RESPIROCYTES
 CONCLUSION

3. DISCOVERY OF NANOBOTS
The first scientist to mention the term
“Nanobots” was the physicist Richard Feyman
in 1959; when he gave his popular talk named
“There's Plenty of Roomat the Bottom.
The first study related to Nanobots was
made by Robert Freitas.

4. NANOBOTS
A controllable nanoscale machine
composed of a sensor and a
motor, capable by performing
specific tasks, at a microscopic
level.
Miniature robots that are
approximately one to 100
nanometres in scale.

5. NANOBOTS : THE ARTICIAL BLOOD
Medical nanobots called respirocytes;
resembling red blood cells.
RESPIROCYTE: Respirocytes are
blood-borne spherical 1 m diameter
naorobots designed as artificial mechanical
red blood cells.
It is an artificial oxygen carrier nanorobot.
They act similarly to red blood cells in human
bodies, but with a relatively larger oxygen
load.

6. COMPONENTS OF RESPIROCYTE
Molecular Rotors
 Power Generator
Water Ballast Chambers
 Sensors
A Tiny Computer
Pressure Transducers

7. HOW DO RESPIROCYTES WORK?

8. APPLICATIONS OF NANOBOTS RESPIROCYTES
 Treatment of anaemic
conditions
 Cardiovascular and
neurovascular diseases
 Treatment of tumour and
diagnostics
 Fetal abnormalities and child-
related disorders
 Respiratory tract and breathing
disorders
 Underwater breathing
 Transfusion of blood and
perfusion of organs

9. RISKS DUE TO RESPIROCYTES
 The possible risks involved in the use of a
foreign agent inside a living system are
studied theoretically to some extent, ruling
out the possibility of fatal risk.
 The jamming of rotors can be detected by
the inbuilt computer and remedial measures
taken.
 Even if all the rotors get jammed together,
the energy generated is absorbed by the heat
sink.
 Single device explosion does not cause any
damage to surrounding cells or tissues. It is
proposed that only dental grinding can cause
the device to explode, resulting in nothing
more than 'fizziness' in the mouth.

10. COMPARISONBETWEENNATURALRBCS ANDRESPIROCYTES
features Natural rbcs repirocytes
Physical features: These are bi-concave disc shaped, and have no
nucleus.
These are spherical in shape and made up of
diamond
Life span: 120 days. 5-8 months.
Types: There is only one type of RBCs found in the blood. There are various sizes depending upon the
rotors present inside it.
Circulatory Cardiovascular system Cardiovascular system (Gas carrier).
Total count RBC 700:1 4.5 million - 5.5 million per cubic mm 10-12 million per cubic mm.
Functions: It supplies 4 oxygen molecules to different parts of
the body and carries 4 carbon dioxide molecules
and other waste products.
It carries more than 200 molecules of oxygen or
carbon dioxide molecules and supplies according to
the requirement.
Presence in blood: Makes up nearly 45% of our blood. less hano 20% of the blood.
Components: Hemoglobin Rotors , sensors , micro chips, detectors,
Production: Produced in red bone marrow Artificially made and injected into the blood.
Movement: They move in blood vessels eventually squeezing
through capillaries.
They move in blood vessels normally in a specified
path using flow of blood.
Significance of irregularity in count: A very low RBC count will result in anemia. No side effects.
Nuclei: RBC do not have nuclei in humans Has micro chip to monitor.
Shape: Round and can change shape Have different kinds of shapes depending on no of
sorting rotors used in it

11. CONCLUSION
 The present paper represents a simple artificial erythrocyte
nano device. Such artificial blood cells carry function similar to
natural red blood cells. It includes transport of oxygen and
elimination of carbon dioxide.
 The artificial respirocyte can deliver 236 times more oxygen to
the tissues per unit volume than natural red blood cells, and
facilitates a similar advantage in carbon dioxide transport.
 The respirocyte is constructed of tough diamond like material,
having a variety of chemical, thermal and pressure sensors, also
having nano computer which enables the device to display many
complex responses, that can be remotely programmed by
external signals to modify existing or to install new protocols,
and draws power from natural serum glucose supplies, thus is
capable of operating intelligently and found application in
various field like artificial breathing, under water breathing and
in asphyxia condition. It is also helpful in various disorders
associated with respiration, cardiovascular, neurological, etc.
 It also serves a diagnostic purpose. Such device can’t be
executed today. However today it’s a world of advancement and
invention, future technologies in molecular machines permits
formation of such artificial respirocytes which can be applied in