This seminar presentation discusses pattern generation in the nervous system. It covers the formation of the central nervous system from the neural tube, including neural induction, neurulation, and regional differentiation of the brain and spinal cord. It also discusses the development of the peripheral nervous system. Key topics include the formation of the neural tube and how it differentiates into the brain and spinal cord regions, as well as the development of gray and white matter in the central nervous system. Disorders related to improper neurulation like anencephaly and spina bifida are also mentioned.

1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION
PATTERN GENERATION IN THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
BY:
S. DASH

2. • FORMATION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Neural induction and establishment of neural cells.
2. Neurulation : The formation of neural tube
3. From Neural tube to central nervous system

3. NEURAL INDUCTION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
NEURAL CELLS

4. NEURULATION : THE FORMATION OF NEURAL TUBE

5. Disorders related to improper Neurulation
ANENCEPHALY SPINA BIFIDA

6. FROM NEURAL TUBE TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• DIFFRENTIATION OF NEURAL TUBE
ANATOMICAL TISSUE CELLULAR
Neural tube Cells of walls of neural tube Neuroepithelial
bulges rearranges to form various cells
functional regions of brain and differentiate
spinal cord
Constricts to form Produce neurons
chamber of brain and and
spinal cord glial cells

7. • REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
A. Brain
B. Spinal cord
C. Development of gray and white matter

8. BRAIN
4-WEEK HUMAN EMBRYO
Posterior part of Anterior portion of neural tube forms and
neural tube it gets bulged.
is formed
Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon
Anterior Diencephalon Metencephalon Mylencephalon
Telencephalon
Cerebral Thalamus Hypothalamus Optic vesicles Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata
Hemispheres
Retina
Does not divide

9. REGIONAL
DIFFERENTIATION
OF THE BRAIN

10. ARRANGEMENT OF
GRAY MATTER AND
WHITE MATTER IN
BRAIN AND SPINAL
CORD IN MAN.

11. • DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
STRUCTURE OF
SPINAL NERVE

12. GLOSSARY:
• Mesenchymal cells: are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate
into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells),
chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes
(fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue)
• Tail organizer:cluster of cells in the embryo that induces nearby cells
to contribute to the formation of the tail.
• Cavitation:the formation of an empty space within a solid object or
body.

13. REFERENCES:
• An introduction to Developmental Biology(2016) by S . Chattopadhyay.
Page number:352-363.
Published by : Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd.
• Developmental Biology by Scott . F. Gilbert.(Edition-10)
Page number:333-348
Published by : Sinauer Associates Inc