The document summarizes key events and concepts related to REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), including the establishment of the UNFCCC in 1992, adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and introduction of REDD+ in 2005. It discusses REDD+'s scope, reference levels, financing mechanisms, and distribution of incentives. Ongoing REDD+ projects through the UN-REDD Programme are working to develop national REDD+ strategies in countries like Indonesia.
5. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests , offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. “ REDD+” goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks .
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7. What is the difference between current forest projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the planned REDD-plus mechanism? CDM REDD+ Afforestation and Reforestation Reduction of carbon emission Conservation of forest Enhancement of carbon stock capacity
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13. The choice of how to distribute benefits has the potential to greatly influence the impact across countries (see Box 1). Emissions; Some proposals, for equity reasons or to address socioeconomic factors, have chosen a distribution mechanism which allocates funds to historically low emitters who may emit at some point into the future. Carbon Stocks; Other proposals, to avoid international leakage, have suggested that a proportion of funds generated through REDD should be distributed to countries with currently low rates of deforestation but high forest cover. The argument goes that if these countries are not rewarded to protect their current stocks there will be a perverse incentive to chop down their forests for more profitable ventures. The choice of methodology for distributing benefits can be scientific or negotiated.
14. A voluntary fund could operate at the national (i.e. uni- or multilateral) or international scale. Official Development Assistance (ODA) is an example of a funding mechanism. In general, however, non-Annex I Parties call for new and additional contributions from developed countries. It is important to note that credits purchased through a fund cannot be used for compliance in carbon markets. In a market-based mechanism REDD credits would be traded alongside existing certified emissions reductions (CERs), and could be used by companies to meet emissions targets in their national cap-andtrade systems. A market-linked mechanism generates finances through either an auction process, or by establishing a dual-market in which REDD credits are linked to but are not fungible with existing CERs. Norway’s proposal to auction Assigned Amount Units (AAUs), the Center for Clean Air Policy’s “Dual Markets” approach and Greenpeace’s TDERM are all examples of market-linked mechanisms. Each of these approaches has its strengths and weaknesses, however a growing consensus is emerging that a combination of these approaches will be needed to match the different stages of development and differing needs of tropical rainforest nations.
28. 71 (b) A national forest reference emission level and/or forest reference level or, if appropriate, as an interim measure, subnational forest reference emission levels and/or forest reference levels, in accordance with national circumstances, and with provisions contained in decision 4/CP.15, and with any further elaboration of those provisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties; Sub-National National Cancun Accord
29. 77. Requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention to explore financing options for the full implementation of the results-based actions referred to in paragraph 73 above, and to report on progress made, including any recommendations for draft decisions on this matter, to the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session; Cancun Accord
31. The Ongoing Projects UN-REDD The UN-REDD Programme assists developing countries to prepare and implement national REDD+ strategies. Designed collaboratively by a broad range of stakeholders, national UN-REDD Programmes are informed by the technical expertise of FAO, UNDP and UNEP. Priority is given to developing sustainable national approaches that promote equitable outcomes and ensure that countries use reliable methodologies to assess emission reductions. 9 projects In Africa : Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Zambia In Asia and the Pacific : Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Viet Nam In Latin America and the Caribbean : Bolivia, Panama and Paraguay
IPCC: Established by UNEP and the WMO to provide the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. The UN General Assembly endorsed the action by WMO and UNEP in jointly establishing the IPCC . UNFCCC: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC or FCCC ) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit , held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to 14, 1992. The objective of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Marrakesh Accords: Lay the rules for meeting the targets set out in the Kyoto Protocol
So, you know, we are discussing about a lot of issues about how to reduce the emission of green house gas.
/When we reduce the amounts of afforestation, the ones are 7.9 million ha, which is the same as one-thirds of Japan. /In Africa, 4million ha. In South America 4.2million ha. In South and Southeastern Asia 2.8million ha.
Though the conclusion about financial mechanism is not completed yet, the programme is supposed that the developed countries aid the developing countries by finance to implement national plan, construct the programme and develop the avility. In the 3rd phase, the programme gives them financial incentive on the results of implementation and it supposes the financial aids by corporations.