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1. Diuretics
• Diuretics are those drug which promote urine formation
or outflow of urine .
• They are also responsible for exrection of sodium ,
chloride , bicarbonate and water from body.
• They increase the urine volume .
• They act by decreasing the tubular reabsorption.
• Diuretics do not affect either Glomerular filteration rate
or action of antidiuretic hormone .

2. Uses of Diuretics
1. They used in the management of hypertension , C.H.F ,
etc.
2. They are also used in removal of kidney stone and cleaning
of UTI.
3. They are mainly used in treatment of edema .
Deposition of body fluids .

3. Classification of Diuretics
Diuretics
1. Xanthine derivatives
2. Organomercurials
3. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
4. Acidifying agent
5. Osmotic diuretics
6. Thiazide diuretics
7. Loop diuretics
8. Potassium sparing agents

4. Xanthine Derivatives
R1
R2
R3
1. Caffeine CH3
2. Theophylline
3. Theobromine
R3R2R1
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3H
H
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9

5. Organomercurials
• Mercurials are now limited in use because they cause
renal and tubular damage and given parenterally.
Examples are -:
• Mercaptomerin sodium
• Chlormerodrin
Chlormerodrin

6. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide
• Carbonic anhydrase
responsible for
reabsorption of ions like
sodium etc
• Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors act by
decreasing reabsorption
of ions.
1.

7. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Methazolamide
2.

8. Acidifying Agents
1. Ammonium chloride
2. Calcium chloride

9. Osmotic Diuretics
Mannitol
• Osmotic diuretics decrease
osmotic pressure hence decrease
tubular reabsorption and
promote outflow of urine .

10. Thiazide Diuretics
• The mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics is primarily
related to their ability to inhibit Na/CL symporters
located in DCT.
+ -

11. Thiazide Diuretics
Chlorthiazide Hydrochlorthiazide
1. 2.

12. Loop Diuretics
• They act by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl symporters in the
thick ascending loop of henle.
• Reabsorption decreases.
• Urine outflow.
++ -

13. Loop Diuretics
Furosimide Ethacrynic acid
Cl

14. Potassium Sparing Agents
1. Aldosterone antagonist -:
Spironolactone
• They permit the reabsorption
of K and inhibit reabsorption
of Na /Cl and associated
water .
+
+ -

15. Potassium Sparing Agents
Amiloride
.HCL
2.