ISYU TUNGKOL SA SEKSWLADIDA (ISSUE ABOUT SEXUALITY
EMETICS AND ANTIEMETICS: A COMPARISON
1. EMETICS AND ANTIEMETIC'S
Submitted By:
Muhammad Mehedi Hasan
K.M.Naimul Islam
Ahasan Habib Opu
Syeda Mahjabin Alam
Samieatul Bashar
Submitted to:
A.F. M. Towheedur Rahman
Senior Lecturer
Department of Pharmaceutical
sciences
North South University
2. EMESIS
A protective reflex
that serves to rid the
stomach and intestine
of toxic substances
and prevent their
further ingestion.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF EMETICS
1. Stimulants of CTZ
Apomorphine
Morphine
2. Irritants of gastric mucosa
Mustard
Sodium chloride
3. Both CTZ stimulant and irritant effect
• Pecacuanha
•Digitalis
4. EMETICS
Apomorphine
Morphine derivative – semi-synthetic
6 mg IM/SC – acts within 5 minutes
Respiratory depression
Parkinsonism
Ipecacuanha
•Dried root of Cephaelais ipecacuanha.
• Syrup ipecac – 15 to 30 ml (10 to 15 in child)
• Action takes 15 minutes
5. MUSTARD
• Volatile oil
• It is a household remedy to induce vomiting
• It is safe and easily available
• Dose -1 tp in water
12. ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS
Hyoscine
Most effective drug for motion sickness.
Action:
Probably by blocking conduction of nerve impulses across a cholinergic link in the pathway
leading from vestibular apparatus to vomiting center & is not effective in vomiting of other
etiologies.
Dose:
Hyoscine is used 0.2-0.4mg as oral or intramuscular.
Use:
Hyoscine is mostly used in motion sickness. But it also produces sedation and anticholinergic
side effect.
14. H1- ANTIHISTAMINIC DRUGS
These agents most likely act by inhibiting cholinergic pathways of the vestibular
apparatus by receptor “crossover.”
H1-receptor antagonists are used to treat motion sickness and vertigo.
These agents produce sedation and dry mouth.
Promethazine
Promethazine is the first generation of H1 receptor
antagonist used as antihistamine antiemetic.
Drugs:
phenargan, Promethagan
16. NEUROLEPTICS
¥ Potent antiemetics
¥ Act by blocking D2 receptors in the CTZ
¥ Antagonize Apo morphine induced vomiting
¥ Antiemetic dose is much lower than antipsychotic doses
¥ These agents should not be administered until the cause of vomiting
has been diagnosed.
17. CONTINUE….
Prochlorperazine:
It is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for
treatment of nausea & vertigo.
It is also a highly potent typical antipsychotic &
more potent than chlorpromazine.
Uses:
Treat Migraine headaches
An Anti-psychotic
Alleviates labrynthitis.
Side Effect:
Drowsiness, Difficulty falling, Dizziness, Increased appetite, weight gain, Dry
mouth, Blurred vision
18. PROKINETIC DRUG
These drugs which promote gastrointestinal motility and quicken gastric emptying .
Prokinetic drug are block Dopamine D2 receptor, it produces antiemetic action due
to blockage of D2 receptor in CTZ.
It also acts by enhancing Acetylcholine(Ach) from cholinergic neuron in the gut.
Metoclopramide
It is a prokinetic drug that promotes
g.i. transit & gastric emptying.
Action:
In the GIT & CNS through D2 & 5-HT antagonism
& 5-HT4 antagonism.
20. ONDANSETRON
It is a prototype developed to control cancer chemotherapy or
radiotherapy induced vomiting.
Action:
Reduces the activity of vagus nerve which deactivates the vomiting center &
also blocks the action of 5-HT3.
Uses:
Prevents Chemotherapy
Post operative nausea
Vomiting
5-HT3 ANTAGONIST