different breeding methods, briefing about each method. this is mainly for wheat, barley oats chick pea lentil,

1. BREEDINGOBJECTIVESANDMETHODS
(WHEAT, BARLEY, OATS, CHICK PEA,
LENTIL)
COURSE NAME: CROP IMPROVEMENT-II (RABI)
RANI LAKSHMI BAI CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, JHANSI
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. VISHNU GOYAL
ASSOCIATEPROFESSOR
GENETICS AND PLANTBREEDING
RLBCAU, JHANSI
SUBMITTED BY:
SHALINI SHUKLA
Ag/063/17
B.Sc.(Hons.) Agriculture 6th sem

2. TOPIC: Breeding Objectives and Methods in Wheat, Barley, Oat, Chick Pea & Lentil
The crops given are self-pollinated and they are naturally inbred, hence inbreeding to fix genes is one of
the goals of a breeding program for self-pollinated species in which variability is generated by crossing.
The common methods used in self-pollinating crops are:
 Mass selection,
 Pure line selection,
 Pedigree
 Bulk breeding
 Single seed descent
Other methods are:
 Backcross breeding,
 Multiline breeding,
 Breeding composites,
 Recurrent selection
The procedures for them are as follows:
1) MASS SELECTION:

3. 2) PURELINE SELECTION:
3) PEDIGREE SELECTION:
STEPS IN BREEDINGFOR PURE LINE SELECTION:

4. 4) SINGLE SEED DESCENT:
YEAR1- Crossing is done to create the base population. Crossselectedplants to generate adequate
number of f1 for the population of a large no of f2 population.
YEAR 2- About 50-100 F1 plants are grown. Harvesting of identical F1 crosses and bulk.
YEAR 3- About 2000-3000 F2 plants are grown. At maturity , single seed per plant is harvested
and bulked for planting f2. Subsequently f2 is spaced enough to allow it to have few seeds.
YEAR 4-6- Single pod per plant are harvested to plant the F4. F5 is spaced planted and harvest
seeds only from superior plants to grow progeny rows in f6 generation.
YEAR 7- Superior rows are harvested to grow PYT in the f7.
YEAR 8 & later- Conduct yield trials in F 8- F10 and most superior line is bulked in F11 & F 12.
5) BULK BREEDING:

5. 6) BACKCROSS BREEDING: It is done for two kids of traits: for dominant trait and for recessive
traits.
For dominant trait:

6. For recessive trait:

7. 7) MULTILINE BREEDING:

8. BREEDING OBJECTIVES:
•HIGHER GRAIN YIELD
•WIDER ADAPTATION
•BETTER QUALITY
•EARLY MATURITY
•RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC& ABIOTIC FACTORS
•ALUMINIUM TOLERANCE
WHEAT
•YIELD IMPROVEMENT
•HIGHER ADAPTABILITY
•RESISTANCE TO YELLOWRUST, APHID & NEMATODE
•IMPROVEMENT IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
•IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTRIBUTES RELATED TO MALT
INDUSTRY.
BARLEY
•YIELD IMPROVEMENT
•HIGH GRAIN QUALITY
•GOOD MILLING QUALITY
•DURABLE PEST RESISTANCE
•GREATER TOLERANCE TO REDUCED TILLAGE
ESTABLISHMENT
OATS
•HIGHER YIELD
•EXTENDED ADAPTATION IN SPACE & TIME
•RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC & ABIOTIC STRESS
•IDENTIFICATION OF STABLE FORM OF MALE
STERILITY
CHICK
PEA
•HIGH SEED YIELD
•HIGH QUALITY
•HIGH PROTEIN VALUE
•LESS COOKING TIME
•TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT
•RESISTANCE TO SHATTERING & LODGING
•RESISTANCE TO DISAESES & INSECTS
LENTIL

9. BREEDING METHODS: WHEAT
INTRODUCTION
PURELINE
SELECTION
HYBRIDISATION
Pedigree
Hybrid bulk
Back cross
SSD method
Multiline method
MUTATION BREEDING
ALIEN GENE TRANSFER

10. BREEDING METHODS- BARLEY
SSDPEDIGREE
MAS DOUBLE
HAPLOIDS
ANTHER
CULTURE
ISOLATED
MICROSPORE
CULTURE

11. BREEDING METHODS: OATS
BACKCROSSING
PEDIGREE SELECTION
SSD
BULK BREEDING
MULTILINE BREEDING
VARIOUS FORMS OF RECURRENT
SELECTION

12. BREEDING METHODS: CHICK PEA
MUTATION
BREEDING
SELECTIVE RANDOM
MATING
SSD
BACKCROSS
MODIFIED BULK-
PEDIGREE
BULK
PEDIGREE
NOTE: PEDIGREE, MODIFIED BULK & SINGLE SEED DESCENT HAVE BEEN FOUND
MORE USEFUL (ICRISAT)

13. BREEDING METHODS: LENTIL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
PURELINE
HYBRIDISATION
PEDIGREE
BULK
SSD
BACKCROSS

14. REFERENCES:
 https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/groundcover/ground-cover-issue-32/wheat-
breeding-objectives-and-comment
 http://www.botanylibrary.com/essay/crop-breeding/wheat-distribution-and-origin-essay-cereal-
crops-plant-breeding/14100
 https://www.iiwbr.org/breeding-wheat-genotypes-for-north-western-plains/
 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/chhabra61-443448-breeding-wheat/
 www.nipgr.ac.in
 www.slideshare.net
 www.icrisat.org
 www.barleyhub.org
 https://portal.nifa.usda.gov
 https://gtr.ukri.org
 Plant Breeding Principles and Methods- B.D. SINGH
 Principles of plant genetics and breeding- GEORGE ACQUAAH (second edition)