This document discusses techniques for seed coating and pelleting to improve seed vigor and crop establishment. Seed coating involves applying a thin substance to the seed coat to enhance germination without changing the seed shape. Pelleting encloses seeds in a small quantity of inert material to facilitate precision planting and provide nutrients. Specific benefits include more even application of nutrients or chemicals, less waste, easier planting, and improved seedling emergence, stands, and weed control. Common coating and pelleting materials include gums, polymers, clays, and limestone.