The document describes various bilingual education program models, including their goals, components, and instructional approaches. It discusses transitional bilingual education, developmental bilingual education, two-way dual language education, one-way dual language education, bilingual immersion programs, and heritage language programs. The overall goal shared by all bilingual programs is to ensure bilingual students meet grade-level academic standards.

1. PROGRAMS
BILINGUAL
EDUCATION

2. Objective
What will you learn?
70%
Describe the various
bilingual education
program models,
including their
features, components
and goals

3. What are the overall
goals of bilingual
programs?
first, let’s answer this question:

4. Bilingual Education Goal
Although each type of bilingual education program model has very distinct
language, academic, and cultural goals, there is one common academic
goal for all bilingual programs:
To ensure bilingual students meet the expectations
set by the grade-level content area standards

5. Bilingual ProgramsOverall, there are Five Different types of
programs
This can get
confusing, so
take notes!

6. Bilingual Programs
Transitional
Bilingual
Education
Developmental
Bilingual
Education
Bilingual
Immersion
Program
Dual Language
Education
Heritage
Language
Program

7. Transitional Bilingual Education
● Also called transitional bilingual education early-exit, early-exit bilingual
education, or just early-exit
● Is the most common type in Illinois and the U.S.
● Target population: English learners who speak the same language
● Typical grade span: K-3
● Language goals: Learn English as quickly as possible
● Academic goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards and transition
to the mainstream (English-only) classroom as soon as possible
● Culture goals: Acculturation or assimilation to the mainstream culture
● Instruction: At first, 90% in students’ L1 and 10% in English, but then
instruction in L1 decreases quickly, and students are moved to sheltered
instruction as they move up in grade level

8. Transitional Bilingual Education

9. Developmental Bilingual Education
● Also called maintenance or late-exit bilingual education
● Less common than transitional bilingual education early-exit models
● Target population: English learners who speak the same language
● Typical grade span: K-6
● Language goals: Bilingualism and biliteracy
● Academic goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards and be
prepared to fulfill societal needs requiring citizens with bilingual skills
● Culture goals: Biculturalism
● Instruction: At first, 90% in students’ L1 and 10% in English through
sheltered instruction, but then instruction in L1 decreases slowly and
sheltered instruction increases as students move up in grades. Instruction
continues in both languages until the end of the program.
Continued on next page

10. Dual Language Education
There are two types of dual language education programs:
1. Two-Way Dual Language Education
2. One-Way Dual Language Education

11. Two-Way Dual Language Education
● Also called two-way immersion, dual language immersion or just dual
language education
● Less common than transitional bilingual education early-exit models
● Target population: Even numbers of English learners and English-
proficient students
● Typical grade span: K-6
● Language goals: Bilingualism and biliteracy
● Academic goals: Meet or exceed grade-level content-area standards and
be prepared to fulfill societal needs requiring citizens with bilingual skills
● Culture goals: Biculturalism, cross-cultural understanding, cultural
pluralism
Continued on next page

12. Two-Way Dual Language Education
● Instruction
○ 50/50 model: 50% in the L1 of the English learners and 50% in English
in all grade levels
○ 80/20 model: Begins with 80% in the L1 of the English learners and
20% in English. Instruction events out gradually to 50/50 as students
move up in grades
○ 90/10 model: Begins with 90% in the L1 of the English learners and
10% in English. Instruction events out gradually to 50/50 as students
move up in grades.

13. Two-Way Dual Language Education

14. One-Way Dual Language Education
● Also called one-way immersion, one-way dual language immersion or just
one-way dual language education
● The only difference between the one-way and two-way dual language
programs is that one-way only services one target population (English
learners only), whereas two-way services English learners and English-
proficient students

15. Bilingual Immersion Program
● Also called immersion program. Not to be confused with English immersion
or one-way dual language
● Not a common program
● Target population: English learners or non-ELs who have little or no
proficiency in the target language (e.g. Native American students, Hawaiian
students), or English speakers who want to learn a world language
● Typical grade span: K-6
● Language goals: Bilingualism and biliteracy
● Academic goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards and be
prepared to fulfill societal needs requiring citizens with bilingual skills
Continued on next page

16. Bilingual Immersion Program
● Culture goals: Biculturalism, cross-cultural understanding and
communication skills
● Instruction: At first, 90% to 100% in the non-English language for the first
year or 2 of the program; instruction evens out gradually to 50% instruction
in English and 50% in the non-English language as students move up in
grade level.

17. Heritage Language Programs
● Also known as community language programs, foreign language programs
for native speakers
● Refers to a wide range of programs (including the bilingual programs
described earlier), such as in-school and after-school or weekend
programs, in which language minority students have an opportunity to learn
their “native” or “heritage” language. For example: Spanish for Spanish-
speakers
● A heritage language student can either be an English learner or an English
proficient student
Continued on next page

18. Heritage Language Program
● Target population: Heritage language speakers (ELs or non-ELs) who
have varying levels of proficiency in their heritage language
● Typical grade span: Any level, pre-K-12, and college/university
● Language goals: Broaden linguistic repertoire in the heritage language,
with attention to the standard variety and literacy in that language
● Academic goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards related to
foreign language learning or native language arts standards, be prepared
to fulfill societal needs requiring citizens with bilingual skills
● Culture goals: Biculturalism, cross-cultural communication skills
● Instruction: The heritage language is taught as a separate subject in
school, between 1 and 5 or more hours per week; out-of-school programs
and foreign language courses designed for native speakers at the
college/university level are also offered.

19. Did you get all of that?
Let’s see...

20. Review
1. What are two differences between the transitional bilingual education and
the developmental bilingual education programs?
2. What is the difference between two-way and one-way dual language?
3. Which program is commonly referred to as early-exit?
4. Which program is commonly referred to as just dual language?
5. What is the language goal of transitional bilingual education?
6. What is the language goal of two-way dual language education?

21. Answers
1. What are two differences between the transitional bilingual education and
the developmental bilingual education programs?
○ TBE has a goal of learning English only, whereas DBE has a goal of
learning two languages
○ TBE is typically only K-3, whereas DBE is typically K-6
2. What is the difference between two-way and one-way dual language?
○ Two-way services both ELs and English-proficient speakers; whereas,
one-way only services ELs
3. Which program is commonly referred to as early-exit?
○ TBE
4. Which program is commonly referred to as just dual language?
○ Two-way dual language education

22. Answers
5. What is the language goal of transitional bilingual education?
○ Developing English
6. What is the language goal of two-way dual language education?
○ Bilingualism