Animals ( lat. Animalia ) are traditionally (since the time of Aristotle ) a distinguished category of organisms , currently considered as a biological kingdom . Animals are the main object of the study of zoology You can bring your pet on all our routes. In doing so, you must ensure that your pet does not interfere with other passengers and the crew of the vessel. Please follow the simple rules.

1. Animals and Pets
The request "Animal" is redirected here; see also other meanings .
Animals ( lat. Animalia ) are traditionally (since the time of Aristotle ) a distinguished category
of organisms , currently considered as a biological kingdom . Animals are the main object of the
study of zoology .
Animals belong to eukaryotes (cells have nuclei). The classic signs of animals are considered:
heterotrophy (nutrition with ready-made organic compounds ) and the ability to actively move.
However, there are many animals that lead an immobile lifestyle, and heterotrophy is
characteristic of fungi and some parasitic plants .
The Russian word "animal" is derived from "belly", which in the past meant "life, property". In
everyday life , the terms "wild animals", "domestic animals" are often understood only as
mammals or tetrapods, terrestrial vertebrates ( mammals , reptiles and amphibians ).
However, in science, the term "animals" has a broader meaning, corresponding to the Latin
Animalia (see above). In a scientific sense, animals , in addition to mammals , reptiles and
amphibians , include a huge variety of other organisms: fish , birds , insects, arachnids ,
molluscs , starfish , worms and others. Man also belongs to the animal kingdom, the order of
placental mammals , primates, but is traditionally studied separately .

2. At the same time, many heterotrophic protists were previously attributed to this kingdom and
animals were divided into subkingdoms: unicellular Protozoa and multicellular Metazoa. Now
the name "animals" in the taxonomic sense is assigned to multicellular organisms.
In this understanding, animals as a taxon have more definite characters - they are characterized
by oogamy , multi-tissue structure, the presence of at least two germ layers , stages of blastula
and gastrula in embryonic development.
The vast majority of animals have muscles and nerves , and not having groups of them -
sponges , lamellar, Mesozoic , cnidosporidia - perhaps they lost them again.
At the same time, in science, the term "animals" is sometimes proposed to be used in an even
broader sense, meaning by animals not a taxon, but a type of organization - a life form based on
mobility.
At present (Zhang, 2013), scientists have described more than 1.6 million animal species
(including more than 133 thousand fossil species; Zhang, 2013), most of which are arthropods
(more than 1.3 million species, 78%), mollusks ( more than 118 thousand species) and
vertebrates (more than 42 thousand species)

3. The origin of animals
Main article: Last common ancestor of animals
It is believed that the animals evolved from single-celled flagellates , and their closest known
living relatives are choanoflagellates , collar flagellates, morphologically similar to the
choanocytes of some sponges . Molecular studies have identified the place of animals in the
supergroup Opisthokonta , which also includes choanoflagellate, fungi, and a small number of
parasitic protists . The name Opisthokonta denotes the posterior location of the flagellum in a
motile cell, as in most animal spermatozoa , while other eukaryotesusually have an anterior
flagellum.
It is believed that the first animals appeared in the middle of the Proterozoic , imprints of
representatives of which, called Grypania, in the form of spiral carbonaceous ribbons were
found in rocks aged 1.9-1.4 billion years in the vicinity of Lake Superior . The belonging of the
find to animals is controversial. Some researchers consider it to be the remains of primitive
multicellular eukaryotic algae or a highly developed colony of cyanobacteria.
Another presumable ancient animal is called Horodyskia , found in sediments 1.44 billion years
old in North America and 1.4-1.07 billion years old in Australia.

4. The first animal fossils date back to the late Precambrian (about 665 million years ago) and are
known as the Ediacaran or Vendian fauna . However, it is difficult to relate them to later fossils.
They may be the ancestors of modern animal branches, independent groups, or not animals at
all. Most of the known types of animals more or less simultaneously appeared in the Cambrian
period , about 542 million years ago.
This event - the Cambrian explosion - was caused either by the rapid divergence of the groups
or by a change in conditions that made petrification possible . However, some paleontologists
and ecologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than previously thought, perhaps
even 1 billion years ago - at the beginning of Tony .
This is indicated by a decrease in the diversity of stromatolites around this time. In addition,
imprints and burrows are known from Tonian deposits, which indicate the presence of large
(about 5 mm wide) three-layered worms, complex, like earthworms [4] . However, this
interpretation of these tracks has cast doubt on the discovery that very similar footprints on the
bottom are left today by the giant unicellular protists of Gromia sphaerica
Description
All animals are heterotrophs - they feed directly or indirectly on other living organisms [7] .
According to the preferred energy source, animals are divided into herbivores , carnivores (
carnivores ), omnivores and parasites.

5. Human Interaction
The human population uses a large number of different species of animals for food production,
as domestic animals in animal husbandry , and in the wild, mainly in the sea [10] [11] .
Thousands of fish and invertebrate species (including crustaceans , molluscs and echinoderms
) are harvested in the seas and oceans, as well as in freshwater bodies . The volume of world
fish and invertebrate production in 2016 amounted to about 91 million tons. World aquaculture
production in 2016 exceeded 80 million tonnes [10] [12] [13] . Farm animals(cows, sheep, pigs,
chickens, etc.) are kept by humans for food ( meat , fat , milk , eggs , honey ), raw materials (
wool , silk , fluff , leather , fur , bristles , bones , feathers ), as well as the performance of
transport and work functions
Classification
The history of the classification of the animal world
Aristotle for the first time in his own separate work "On the origin of animals" attempted to divide
the living world into plants and animals. This was followed by the works of Karl Linnaeus , a
Swedish naturalist and physician , the creator of a unified classification system for the flora and
fauna (which brought him worldwide fame during his lifetime), in which the knowledge of the
entire previous period in the development of biological science was largely streamlined and
generalized .

6. Among the main merits of Linnaeus is the definition of the concept of a biological species , the
introduction into active use of the binomial (binary) nomenclatureand the establishment of a
clear subordination between systematic (taxonomic) categories [16] .
In addition, Karl Linnaeus is the author of the first hierarchical classification of living nature [17] ,
which became the basis (basis) for the scientific classification of living organisms.
He divided the natural world into three
" kingdoms ": mineral , plant and animal , using four levels ("ranks"): classes , orders , genera
and species...
The method of forming a scientific name for each of the species, introduced by Carl Linnaeus
into the practice of taxonomy (the so-called trivial names of Latin nomina trivialia , which later
began to be used as specific epithets in the binomial names of living organisms) is still used
(previously used long names consisting of a large number of words, gave a description of the
species, but were not strictly formalized).
The use of a two-word Latin name — genus name followed by a specific name — made it
possible to separate nomenclature from taxonomy .
In the original scheme of Carl Linnaeus, animals were assigned to one of three kingdoms,
divided into the classes Worms , Insects, Pisces ,Reptiles (later Amphibians and Reptiles ),
Birds and Mammals . Since then, the last four classes have been combined into one type -
chordates , while the rest of the classes have been classified as invertebrates .

7. Pets
You can bring your pet on all our routes. In doing so, you must ensure that your pet does not
interfere with other passengers and the crew of the vessel. Please follow the simple rules.

8. Animals can only be transported on regular routes; it is prohibited to take them with you on
cruises.
● The animal needs to buy a ticket, the cost depends on the route.
● Pets are not allowed onboard restaurants.
● Accommodation for allergy sufferers or individual berths is not permitted.
● The number of places for animals on board is limited.
● Guide dogs can travel free of charge on all our boats, including those where pets are not
allowed.
● If you wish to travel with your pet, please advise when booking your tickets.
● During the voyage, the owner is responsible for the pet.
● On evening departures on the Helsinki-Stockholm and Turku-Stockholm route, pets are
allowed only if you have a cabin.
On the Tallinn-Helsinki line and all year round on the Mariehamn-Kapellskar route, you can
transport your pet in your car free of charge. During the summer period from 01.05 to 30.09 it is
prohibited to leave animals on the car deck. Please inform us about the presence of pets when
booking. At the same time, please keep in mind that access to the car deck is prohibited during
the trip and you will not be able to visit and feed the animal. In some cases (for example, if the
weather is very hot or cold) we reserve the right not to allow pets on the car deck.
Open this to purchase everythings for your (animals & pets)