2. INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this article is to test the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational
commitment and turnover intention.
METHOD: An online survey using google docs has been conducted
SAMPLE: Total respondents 57 out of which 47 are male and 10 are female
3. CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Affective commitment refers to an
employee's emotional attachment to
in the organization.
Continuance commitment refers to
employee need to stay due to the
potential loss of benefits.
Normative commitment reflects a
feeling of obligation to remain with
the organization as the organization
expects their loyalty.
4. HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis 1: Job satisfaction is related to affective commitment of employee.
Hypothesis 2: Job satisfaction is related to continuance commitment of employee.
Hypothesis 3: Job satisfaction is related to normative commitment of employee.
Hypothesis 4: Job satisfaction is negatively related to turnover intention of employee.
Hypothesis 5: Affective commitment is related to turnover intention of employee.
Hypothesis 6: Continuance commitment is related to turnover intention of employee.
Hypothesis 7: Normative commitment is related to turnover intention of employee.
6. LATENT CONSTRUCT
Constructs Code Measurement Items Source
Job satisfaction
JS1 I consider my job rather unpleasant.
(Brayfield and Rothe, 1951)
JS2 Each day of work seems like it will never end.
JS3 I feel fairly satisfied with my present job
JS4 Most days I am enthusiastic about my work
JS5 I find real enjoyment in my work
Affective
Commitment
AC1 I would be very happy to spend the rest of my career with this organization.
(Allen and Meyer, 1990; Meyer, Allen,
and Smith, 1993)
AC2 I really feel as if this organization's problems are my own.
AC3 I feel like "part of the family" at my organization.
AC4 I feel "emotionally attached" to this organization.
Continuance
Commitment
CC1 Right now, staying with my organization is a matter of necessity as much as desire.
(Allen and Meyer, 1990; Meyer, Allen,
and Smith, 1993)
CC2 It would be very hard for me to leave my organization right now, even if I wanted to.
CC3 Too much of my life would be disrupted if I decided I wanted to leave my organization nom.
CC4
One of the few negative consequences of leaving this organization would be the scarcity of
available alternatives.
Normative
Commitment
NC1 Even it were to my advantage, I do not feel it would be right to leave my organization now.
(Allen and Meyer, 1990; Meyer, Allen,
and Smith, 1993)
NC2 I would not leave my organization right now because I have a sense of obligation to the people in it.
NC3 I owe a great deal to my organization.
NC4 I would feel guilty if I left my organization now.
Turnover Intention
TI1 I intend to leave the organization.
(Lance, 1988; Khatri, Fern, and
Budhwar, 2001)
TI2 I intent to make a genuine effort to find another job over the next few months.
TI3 I often think about quitting.
7. SCALE RELIABILITY ISSUES
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based
on Standardized Items N of Items
.389 .423 5
Scale Mean if Item Deleted
Scale Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected Item-Total
Correlation
Squared Multiple
Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
JS1 13.14 9.801 -.188 .189 .620
JS2 13.05 8.086 .053 .103 .448
JS3 12.23 6.608 .343 .420 .217
JS4 12.12 6.110 .500 .684 .095
JS5 12.19 5.909 .463 .705 .102
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based
on Standardized Items N of Items
.620 .636 4
Scale Mean if Item Deleted
Scale Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected Item-Total
Correlation
Squared Multiple
Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
JS2 10.51 8.933 -.081 .013 .863
JS3 9.68 5.720 .515 .415 .463
JS4 9.58 5.284 .686 .684 .336
JS5 9.65 4.910 .683 .701 .314
8. SCALE RELIABILITY
Scale Constructs Cronbach's Alpha
Job satisfaction (Brayfield and Rothe, 1951) 0.863
I feel fairly satisfied with my present job
Most days I am enthusiastic about my work
I find real enjoyment in my work
Affective Commitment (Allen and Meyer, 1990; Meyer, Allen, and Smith, 1993) 0.859
I would be very happy to spend the rest of my career with this organization.
I really feel as if this organization's problems are my own.
I feel like "part of the family" at my organization.
I feel "emotionally attached" to this organization.
Continuance Commitment (Allen and Meyer, 1990; Meyer, Allen, and Smith, 1993) 0.648
Right now, staying with my organization is a matter of necessity as much as desire.
It would be very hard for me to leave my organization right now, even if I wanted to.
Too much of my life would be disrupted if I decided I wanted to leave my organization nom.
One of the few negative consequences of leaving this organization would be the scarcity of available alternatives.
Normative Commitment (Allen and Meyer, 1990; Meyer, Allen, and Smith, 1993) 0.765
Even it were to my advantage, I do not feel it would be right to leave my organization now.
I would not leave my organization right now because I have a sense of obligation to the people in it.
I owe a great deal to my organization.
I would feel guilty if I left my organization now.
Turnover Intention (Lance, 1988; Khatri, Fern, and Budhwar, 2001) 0.844
I intend to leave the organization.
I intent to make a genuine effort to find another job over the next few months.
I often think about quitting.
10. HYPHOTHESIS TESTING
R2
Value Beta F Sig
H1: Job satisfaction is related to affective commitment of employee. 0.274 0.524 20.780 0.000 Accepted
H2: Job satisfaction is related to continuance commitment of employee. 0.013 -0.101 0.709 0.403 Rejected
H3: Job satisfaction is related to normative commitment of employee. 0.063 0.241 3.669 0.061 Rejected
H4: Job satisfaction is negatively related to turnover intention of employee. 0.113 -0.413 6.995 0.011 Accepted
H5: Affective commitment is related to turnover intention of employee. 0.231 -0.545 16.495 0.000 Accepted
H6: Continuance commitment is related to turnover intention of employee. 0.034 0.254 1.938 0.169 Rejected
H7: Normative commitment is related to turnover intention of employee. 0.085 -0.370 5.082 0.028 Accepted
Overall Model 0.279 5.023 0.002 Accepted
= 0.95
11. OVERALL MODEL TESTING
Job
Satisfaction
Affective
Commitment
Continuance
Commitment
Normative
Commitment
Turnover
Intention
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of
Squares df
Mean
Square F Sig.
1 Regression
24.409 4 6.102 5.023 .002b
Residual 63.170 52 1.215
Total 87.579 56 a
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
B
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
1 (Constant) 4.558 .862 5.288 .000
Normative
Commitment -.166 .164 -.130 -1.009 .318 .834 1.199
Affective
Commitment -.426 .165 -.376 -2.576 .013 .651 1.536
Continuance
Commitment .230 .164 .167 1.402 .167 .979 1.022
Modified Job
Satisfaction -.108 .171 -.088 -.629 .532 .714 1.400
TI = 0.862 - 0.108x1 – 0.426x2 + 0.230x3 – 0.166x4
