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Introduction to Quantum Computing for Research
1.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Sanjay Padhi, Ph.D Head of AWS Research, US Education Amazon Web Services AWS Research Webinar Series Introduction to Quantum Computing for Research https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanjaypadhi/
2.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. 10-35 m (Plank scale) Power of Scales in Nature Quantum Realm (10-9 m) Richard Feynman (1960): “There is a plenty of room at the bottom” 10-30 m (Grand Unification) 10-18 m (Electroweak Unification) 10-15 m (Quarks) 10-10 m (Atoms) 10-6 m (Bacteria & Viruses) 100 m (Human Scale) 106 m (Earth radius) 1012 m (Solar System) 1020 m (Milky Way radius) 1022 m (Cluster of Galaxies) 1026 m (Cosmological Scale/Size of Universe) Higher energies allow us to look deeper into nature (E a 1/size)
3.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Image credit: NASA / WMAP science team.
4.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Realm: Large Hadron Collider Image credit: CERN / ATLAS experiment Is this a quantum computer?
5.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum computers are machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store information and perform computations. Image credit: Rigetti
6.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. P(Probe) ⋘ P (System) Quantum: P(Probe) ≃ P (System) Properties of Classical and Quantum Systems
7.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Store Information: Bits and Quantum bits (Qubits) Classical Bits Qubits (No phase) 0 1 1 0 Not discussed: Qutrit (Particles with 3 states): |1 >, |2 > and |3 >, Qudit with 4 dimensions, etc.
8.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Store Information: Bits and Quantum bits (Qubits) Classical Bits Qubits (With phase rotation) 0 1 0 1 If a quantum system can be in the form of two basic states |0 > or |1 > it can also be in superposition of |0 > and |1 > states
9.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Properties Superposition Interference Entanglement Complex mix to store (build states), encode it via entanglement and execute outcomes via Interference
10.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Principle of Superposition 0 0 1 1
11.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Principle of Superposition 0 0 1 1 Z Z Quantum Gate or Pauli-Z equates to rotation around Z-axis of Bloch sphere by 1800 Unlike many classical gates, quantum gates are reversible (Unitarity)
12.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Superposition of States Example: A photon can be 0.8 |0 > + 0.6 |1 > state (64% Horizontal and 36% Vertical polarized) 0.8 on |0 > 0.6 on |1 > 1 on |0 > 0 on |1 > Horizontal Filter Horizontal Filter
13.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Principle of Interference Physical observables are quantized. Examples: Energy, Angular Momentum, etc. Wave-Particle Duality
14.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Principle of Interference (Constructive or Destructive) 0 0 11 0
15.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Principle of Entanglement 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Four qubits each with two states 24 = 16 states Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a pair or group of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the pair or group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the particles are separated by a large distance. Example: Bell state or EPR (Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen) pair
16.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Principle of Entanglement (Moreau et al., Science Advances, 2019)
17.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Deterministic Computing No randomness is involved Always produce the same output for a given initial state Differential Equations Deterministic Turing Machines Algorithms, Circuit Codes Probabilistic Computing Randomized algorithms Deterministic computing with randomization (Coin flip) (True randomization happened in Quantum) Output random bits, simulating random phenomena Monte Carlo Simulations, Random 1000 prime numbers Computational Efficiency Examples: Minimum spanning tress in a graph, Test of a prime number (n=1024 bit), etc. Quantum Mechanics/Computing: is more of a probabilistic computing with a –ve sign Quantum Computing is expected to give exponential speedup over probabilistic computing
18.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Circuit is an unit of computation Make particle interact through gates in its superposition states Gates are how we control the circuits We expect each algorithms or domains will have their own libraries of circuits
19.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Circuit is an unit of computation
20.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Computing Technologies
21.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Rigetti: Universal gate-model QPU based on superconducting qubits • Octagonal topology with 3-fold (2-fold for edges) connectivity • Qubit Coherence time ~20 micro sec
22.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Ion-Q: Flexible Ion Trap Technology Trap atomic qubits (ionized ytterbium atoms) on a silicon chip using EM field Gates: Two-photon Raman transition using a pair of counter-propagating beams from a mode-locked pulsed laser. This allows single and two-qubit transitions and all-to-all connectivity
23.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. D-Wave: Quantum Annealer based on superconducting QPUs
24.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
25.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Computing can be useful for exponentially complex problems Computational Chemistry Material Science Optimization
26.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon Quantum Computing
27.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Computing using Amazon Braket
28.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Computers as more like co-processors Next generation advancements are expected from a mixture of bits + neurons + qubits
29.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
30.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Chemistry https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.05256.pdf
31.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Quantum Machine Learning to LHC Physics ttH (H → 𝜸𝜸) analysis at the LHC The observation of ttH production by ATLAS and CMS at the LHC directly confirmed the interaction between the Higgs boson and the top quark, which is the heaviest known fundamental particle H → 𝞵𝞵 analysis at the LHC Although the coupling between the Higgs boson and 3rd- generation fermions has been observed, currently the coupling between the Higgs boson and 2nd-generation fermions is under intensive investigation. H→ 𝞵𝞵 is the most promising process to observe such a coupling by ATLAS and CMS at the LHC Sau Lan Wu et. al (2020)
32.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Employing Quantum SVM Kernel method to ttH (H → 𝜸𝜸) analysis with Amazon quantum computer simulator Sau Lan Wu et. al (2020)
33.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Employing Quantum SVM Kernel method to ttH (H → 𝜸𝜸) analysis with Amazon quantum computer simulator Sau Lan Wu et. al (2020)
34.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. https://www.cmu.edu/tepper/news/stories/2020/october/quantum-computing-course.html
35.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Managed Jupyter Lab environment
36.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Hosted Circuit Simulators
37.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Managed execution of hybrid quantum algorithms
38.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon Quantum Solution Lab
39.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon Quantum Solution Lab
40.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Center for Quantum Computing Near-term applications Error correction & programming models Quantum hardware and technologies
41.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Building quantum expertise with AWS training and enablement program
42.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Open source community https://github.com/aws/amazon-braket-examples
43.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
44.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Demo of Amazon Braket
45.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Home Assignment to watch
46.
© 2020, Amazon
Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Thank you! https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanjaypadhi/
47.
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