Unlocking the Power of Quantum Computing dist.pdf

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© 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved |
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Unlocking the Power of Quantum Computing
in Your Digital Journey
Alex Coqueiro
Director of Technology for Latin America, Canada and Caribbean
AWS Public Sector Team
@alexbcbr

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Hard Problems to Solve
Manufacture fertilizer with less
energy
Agriculture
Model photosynthesis for cheaper
solar cells, battery tech, materials
for carbon capture
Energy
Time-to-market for new
drugs, molecular simulation
to find stable configurations
Pharma
Logistics
Portfolio selection, risk
management, trading decisions
Finance
Traffic routing, network optimization,
manufacturing workflow

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Quantum
Computing
A new paradigm for computation that
leverages the laws of quantum physics
Solve problems in novel ways and access a
new class of problems
Building these sensitive devices is a
difficult scientific challenge

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1. Quantum algorithms (Q-algorithms) are
good for only some specific problems,
epically for optimization:
a. Machine learning eg. Traveling
salesman problem(TSP),
b. Financial eg. Which assets should be
included in an optimum portfolio.
2. Chemistry: the binding energy of
hydrogen chains (as large as H12), with 12
qubits and , involving up to 72 two-qubit
gates. (Science 28 Aug 2020: Vol. 369,
Issue 6507, pp. 1084-1089)

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Optimizations problems Complexity
Travelling Salesman Problem
~1080 possible routes to
check
1078 is the number of
atoms in the universe

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Quantum building blocks: The qubit
Qubits are quantum systems that:
• Leverage new concepts like “Superposition”
• Can be made to work together
(Entanglement, Interference)
• Example of qubits: Atoms, molecules,
Photons (light)
Not the only approach
• Qumode: continuous quantum state (Borealis
device)
• Implementation of GBS (Gaussian Boson
Sampling)
Bloch sphere
(abstract representation of a qubit)
| ⟩
0
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1

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Quantum Computation
Time Quantum processing unit (QPU)
qubit control
qubit

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© 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Demo: Let’s leverage Quantum Computing to Save Lifes

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Solving QUBO problems on quantum hardware
Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO)
Optimization
minimize/maximize Y =
X
i,j
Qi,jXiXj = X>
QX, where Xi 2 0, 1 and Qi,j 2 R
<latexit sha1_base64="o/DFK8980QE1otCGbE2O3cyVjiM=">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</latexit>
TWO SUBPROBLEMS:
Reduction: Map the problem
onto a QUBO
Embedding: Embed QUBO onto a Chimera or Pegasus graph
(lower connectivity)
NP-hard!

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Near-term approaches to quantum optimization
EXAMPLE:
In the near-term many problems can be formulated in terms of:
Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO)
Need to understand the QUBO formalism and mapping
Solve QUBO problems with quantum hardware and physics-based
methods
Option pricing
Portfolio optimization
Candidate drug selection
Vehicle routing
Oil & Gas reservoir simulation
Manufacturing logistics
EXAMPLE USE CASES
minimize/maximize Y =
X
i,j
Qi,jXiXj = X>
QX, where Xi 2 0, 1 and Qi,j 2 R
<latexit sha1_base64="o/DFK8980QE1otCGbE2O3cyVjiM=">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</latexit>
Optimization

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Quantum Computers Hardware
Superconducting circuits Trapped ions
gate-based
annealing Photonics

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Libraries for Quantum Programming
https://pennylane.ai/qml
Across-platform Python library for differentiable
programming of quantum computers.
Train a quantum computer the same way as
a neural network.

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Provide expert
guidance
Practical and cross-discipline
support and collaboration
Democratize
quantum computing
Fully managed service
that makes it easy to
explore and experiment covering
aspects of Design, Test and Run
Push the
boundaries
Research quantum
algorithms and hardware
Quantum Computing + Cloud Computing
John Preskill (NISQ paper),
California Institute of
Technology (Caltech)

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Users
Managed
simulator
Amazon
CloudWatch
(notifications)
Quantum hardware
AWS Cloud
Amazon Braket
Amazon Braket Console
Braket SDK
Local IDE
Managed notebooks Amazon S3
(results storage)
AWS Identity
and Access
Management
(permissions)
AWS Key
Management
Service
(data
protection)
D-Wave IonQ Rigetti
Hybrid
algorithms
Classical compute
Amazon Braket is fully integrated in AWS

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Left: Unoptimized situation
under consideration of cars
causing traffic jam in the
network.
Right: Optimized
redistributed cars using
qbsolv. Note that the areas in
red, which indicate high
traffic density, are mostly
absent from the right picture.
Traffic Flow Optimization Using a Quantum Annealer
Source by Volkswagen Group, United States &
Volkswagen Data:Lab, Germany

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Source: Quantum Shuttle: Traffic Navigation with Quantum Computing
, Jun 2020, arxiv 2006.14162
1. Plot the custom routes provided by the
QWS and initiate turn-by-turn
navigation with voice instructions every
30 seconds.
2. Live traffic services provider from HERE
3. construct the traffic flow optimization
QUBO problem, then stored in the
database using MongoDB
4. Send to QPU to get traffic-aware
candidate routes
Final selection of bus lines for the
Web Summit Quantum Shuttle
service: black, blue, green, red.

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We have algorithms for the long haul
S O M E WE L L - K N O WN Q U A N T U M A L G O R I T H M S :
Number theory
Factoring
Discrete log
Subset sum
Cryptanalysis
…
Oracular
Search
Hidden subgroup
Hidden shift
Order finding
…
Simulation/
approximation
Knot invariants
QAOA
SDPs
Direct simulation
…
Optimization
Constraint satisfaction
Solving linear systems
Machine learning
Solving ODEs, PDEs
…
These algorithms will be useful when we have a
universal fault tolerant quantum computer,
and they can be applied to a variety of use cases

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What can be done with Quantum Computing
Today
› Design and test solutions
› Run hybrid classical/quantum workflows
› Proof of concept projects
› Push boundaries of classical methods
Tomorrow
› Larger applications
› Demonstration of commercially relevant
quantum advantage
› Full, fault tolerant quantum computation

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© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Resources
⟩ Tips for getting started on Quantum Computing with Amazon
Braket:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/quantum-computing/setting-up-
your-local-development-environment-in-amazon-braket
⟩ Example notebooks and demos:
https://github.com/aws/amazon-braket-examples

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