This presentation consists of total 19 slides

1. 1
by
SANDEEP KUMAR
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

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•Traffic and air pollution
•Pollution
•Effects of air pollution
•Global warming
•Causes of global warming
•Health effects
•Prevention measures
•Recent cases

3. What is traffic jam?
Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks
that occurs as the use of vehicles increases, and is
characterized by slower speeds and longer
trip times and increased vehicular queuing.
When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time,
this is known as traffic jam.
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4. What causes traffic jams?
•Long traffic lights.
•Roadblocks.
•Crowded places.
•Big trucks.
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5. •Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that causes adverse change.
They have an adverse effect on our environment and also
on human health.
•Pollution can take several forms such as air pollution,
water pollution, noise pollution, land pollution etc.
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7. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter or biological materials that
cause discomfort to humans or other living
organisms or cause damage to the natural
environment or built environment, into
the atmosphere.
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•Smog.
•Acid rain.
•Green house effect.
•Hole in the ozone layer.

9. •When one is stuck in a traffic jam and does not turn off the
engine, there will automatically be more energy loss as
fuels undergo combustion rapidly due to ‘turned on’ engines.
•When the fuels undergo combustion, they release harmful
gases as an external products of the chemical reaction.
•These harmful gases go into the atmosphere, thus resulting
in air pollution.
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10. Co2
No2
So2
•Carbon dioxide
•Nitrogen dioxide
•Sulphur dioxide
•Also contribute to smog.
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•Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the
Earth's surface (both land and water) as well as it's atmosphere.
•Average temperatures around the world have risen by 0.75°C
(1.4°F) over the last 100 years about two thirds of this increase
has occurred since 1975

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•The increase in the contamination of air means the increase in
the level of green house gases.
•The green house gases are responsible for the climatic
maintenance of earth atmosphere.
•They are required in certain range.
•If they exceed that limits, then they entraps the UV rays which
are coming from sun.
•Which will increase the overall temperature of the earth.
Leading to melting of ice in Antarctic.

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CO2 emissions due to road transport are influenced
by:
• Vehicle technology
• Fuel and how it is used
• Type of vehicle and how it is driven
• Efficiency of the road network and its management
• The traveler's choice of means of transport

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Transport sector emissions grew by 19 %( 820
million tones) between 1990 and 2003. This
trend has continued and is expected to further
increase in the future.

15. •Worsening asthma conditions.
•Lung cancer.
•Heart disease.
•Symptoms of anxiety and attention problems.
•Mental depression.
•It reduces a person’s judgment and reflex reactions.
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16. •Car pooling-it can reduce the number of cars and hence the gases
released by vehicles thereby reducing air pollution.
•Vehicle care-timely servicing the vehicle reduces fuel exhaust
and thus reduces air pollution.
•Traffic lights should be removed and exchanged with tunnels,
multilayer streets, roundabouts and so on.
•Wide streets with non-stop movements.
•Traffic management.
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•SMOG IN DELHI
The great smog of Delhi is an ongoing severe air-pollution
event in New Delhi.
Air pollution at the peaked on both PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels.
Low visibility resulted in accidents across the city.
The primary source of smoke are road-dust, factories,
vehicles.

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THANK YOU