Traffic study project for final year CIVIL engineering

TRAFFIC STUDY OF BIHTA
SUBMITTED BY
RAJEEV ASHOKA (165080)
MD OSAMA JAFRY (165117)
PRAVEEN KR MANDAL (165085)
ATUL KUMAR (165102)
VED PRAKASH BAMBAM (165105)
AMIT KR NIRALA (165104)
Department of Civil Engineering
Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology
Affiliated to Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna

Project submitted to
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
of
Bachelor of Technology
By
ATUL KUMAR (165102)
Under the guidance of
Mr. AKASH SINGH

Project submitted to
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
of
Bachelor of Technology
By
ATUL KUMAR (165102)
Approved by
Mr. Akash Singh Mr. Manish Kr. Das Mr. Akash Singh
(Project Guide) (Project Coordinator) (Head of Department)

NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI AND DEPT OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY, GOVT. OF BIHAR)
AFFILIATED TO ARYABHATTA KNOWLEDGE UNIVERSITY, PATNA
AMHARA, BIHTA, PATNA-801118, BIHAR
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This is to Certified that the thesis entitled “TRAFFIC STUDY OF BIHTA”,
submitted by by MD OSAMA JAFRY (165117), RAJEEV ASHOKA (165080), PRAVEEN
KR MANDAL (165085), VED PRAKASH BAMBAM (1650105), ATUL KUMAR(165102),
AMIT KR NIRALA (165104) to Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Bihta,in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology has been
accepted by the external examiners and that the student has successfully defended
the thesis in the viva-voce examination held today.
Date:
Mr. Akash Singh Mr. Manish Kr. Das
(Project Guide) (Project Coordinator)
Mr. Akash Singh
(Head of Department) (External Examiner)

DECLARATION
I certify that
a. The work contained in this thesis is original and has been done by me under the
guidance of my supervisor.
b. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.
c. I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the thesis.
d.I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of
Conduct of the University.
e. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from
other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the thesis
and giving their details in the references. Further, I have taken permission from the
copyright owners of the sources, whenever necessary.
Date: Signature of the Student

CONTENT
TOPIC PAGE NO.
Traffic study of Bihta 1-3
Certificate of Approval 4
Declaration 5
Chapter 1 Abstract 6
Chapter 2 Growth of traffic in Bihta 7
Chapter 3 Area under observation 8
Chapter 4 Our purpose of traffic survey in Bihta 9
Chapter 5 Methodology 10-11
Chapter 6 Format of data collection sheet 12
Chapter 7 Terminology used 13
Chapter 8 Data calculation 14-23
Chapter 9 Conclusions 24
Chapter 10 Reference 25

ABSTRACT
Traffic engineering is the scientific method of calculating traffic and travel, the basic laws, rule
and regulation and deals with the improvement of traffic performance of road networks and
terminals which is achieved by scientific analysis and engineering applications.
Bihta is a fast growing and developing township in Patna district, Bihar India. Bihta is part of
Maner ( Vidhan Sabha constituency) and Patliputra (Lok Sabha constituency). It is located 35 km
south-west of Patna. Bihta is also upcoming satellite town of Patna. There is a dry port in south
of railway station and an oil depot - both with rail connectivity. A 20-km long four-lane
Danapur-Shivala-Bihta elevated road is being constructed at the cost of around Rs 2,000 crore.
This highway will be completed by 2022 and will connect Patna to Bihta Airport via Danapur
Railway Station and Shivala Chowk. Of total 20 km length, 17 km would be elevated. The
elevated portion would terminate at the junction of the Bihta-Sarmera Road near Kanhauli
village. From that junction, the road would go up to the Bihta chowk besides connecting the
Bihta Airport; it would again be elevated at the Bihta chowk.
IIT Patna's campus is located in parameters of Amhara and Dilawarpur village of Bihta block, at
a 501 acres (203 ha) site. Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), 2 kilometers away from
Bihta Railway Station, built up area on approximately 11 Acres of Land at Amhara, Bihta, Patna.
Bihar government had already allotted 100 acres (40 hecares ) of land at Amhara village in Bihta
to NIT Patna .There is Kendriya Vidyalaya, Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar laid the foundation
stone of an Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) medical college and hospital in Bihta
in September 2009. The 500-bed ESIC hospital and college came up on a 25acre plot here at a
cost of ₹523 crore. The ESIC medical college and hospital was inaugurated on 7 July 2018.Union
minister Kapil Sibal on 3 June 2013 laid the foundation stone of the permanent campus of
National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) at Bihta. In future, there
are chances of much more traffic congestion due to more vehicles and population. Number of
infrastructures is increasing. So, the proper traffic rules and regulations of must be followed to
avoid congestions.

GROWTH OF THE TRAFFIC IN BIHTA
According to present study the population is increasing, so that the number of vehicles is
running more on the field or on the road which affects the traffic flow leads to congestion at
intersection. Traffic Congestion is one of the major issues experienced in most metropolitan
cities in the developing nations. Traffic Congestion involves queuing, slower speeds and
increased travel time which wastes energy of the commuters and causes stress, thus reducing
the overall productivity and imposing an intangible cost on the society.
Traffic signals are one of the most effective and flexible active control of traffic and is widely
used in several cities worldwide. This is effective and economical method to improve
congestion considering the importance of Highway as a vital part of civil engineering; it helps us
to find out the losses at different junction of Bihta which would be considered for future
improvement purposes and to make the perfect plan for the road.
In Bihta, the major issues regarding traffic are proper signal system, proper bus stand, auto
stand near Ara More and near the Bihta railway station, Illegal vendors and retailers do their
business on roads and pavement ,therefore proper vendor place should be provided. Due to
sand mines in Bihta, there are numbers of trucks passing through roads and sometimes the
park illegally on roads and pavements which leads to narrowing of road.
So, requirement of truck terminals needed to reduce traffic jam.. We have considered this case
study for improvement of congestion of traffic when coming from Patna side to Bihta, Koilwar
side to Bihta , Bihta to IIT side and vice versa.

Area Under Observation
Bihta , Patna
The different traffic congestion points will be study by our different project team members.
Name of the congestion points given in above map are as following:
1.Ara More
2.Intersection at Starting Flyover Towards Railway Station
3.Bihta- Lai Road
4.Bihta – Bikram road at intersection.

OUR PURPOSE OF TRAFFIC SURVEY IN BIHTA
The data collected after above studies are analyse by traffic engineer and interpreted to take
advantage of the observed regularities. Accurate understanding of the scientific phenomena
behind these regularities enables the traffic engineer to select appropriate solution to problem.
Our objective of traffic survey will help in:
1.Ensuring that existing roads are adequately maintained in order to provide appropriate level
of service for road users.
2. Improving existing roads to required standards to enable them to carry prevailing levels of
traffic with the required degree of safety.
3. Providing new roads to the required geometric, pavement design and safety standards.
4.To finding out the black spot pathways in Bihta, so that proper signal should provide.
5.For finding out the numbers of accidents taking place for accident study and reason behind it.
6.Improving in increasing the level of service for vehicles and road users.
7.It will help in increasing the speed of the vehicles running on roads.
8.It will help in removal of congestion that is taking place in the present scenario.
9.It will increase the traffic volume leading more vehicles for passing in the same time.
10.Helps us in finding out the need of parking zones for autos, buses and trucks.
11.It will give knowledge of illegal retailers, running their business on roads and pavement
which leads to narrowing of roads.
12.Ensuring in improving the proper night lightning on roads and streets, etc

Methodolgy
Traffic Volume Study Consists of two methods:-
1.Manual Method
2.Automatic Method
Manual Method
Manual methods use field personal to count and classify traffic flowing past a fixed point
(Section) Numbers of enumerators needed to count the vehicle depends upon the number of
lanes in highway on which count is to be taken, type and accuracy of information desired.
IRC recommends recording of data in each direction of travel separately and posting of
observers for each direction. It is desirable to have literate enumerators with qualification
preferably middle or matriculation. For keeping up the accuracy and maintaining precision the
work shifts, with adequate time given to each surveyor for rest as well as food and water.
Our team members visit each of congestion points for traffic study which are carry out to
analyse different traffic characteristics including study of traffic volume, speed, accident study,
parking study, accidents etc. Congestion points will study at regular periods of time. Data
collection may done hourly, weekly or monthly. Work plans are distributed among the
members of the group and will carry out in the proper way regularly. Data will be collected and
observed as per the requirements. In this data collection is done by drawing vertical lines using
pen, pencil paper with the direct vision.
Automatic Method
The automatic count method provides a means for gathering large amounts of traffic data.
Automatic counts are usually taken in 1-hour intervals for each 24-hour period. The counts may
extend for a week, month, or year. When the counts are recorded for each 24-hour time
period, the peak flow period can be identified. The different instrument used in automatic
method ,pneumatic tubes, inductive loops, weight-in-motion sensors, video camera.
We are currently not using the automatic method of count .

Traffic Engineering Studies Includes
1.Volume Study
2.Speed Study
3.Delay Study
4.Density Study
5.Accident Studies
6.Parking Study
Traffic Volume study
Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time at
any crossing a section of road per unit time at any selected period. Traffic volume studies are
conducted to collect data on the number of vehicles and or pedestrians that pass a point on
highway facility during a specified time period.
Unit is vehicle/min, vehicle/hour, vehicle/day
Passenger Car unit PCU
It is a vehicle unit used for expressing highway capacity. One car is considered as a single unit,
cycle, motorcycle is considered as half car unit. Bus, truck causes a lot of inconvenience because
of its large size and is considered equivalent to 3 cars or 3 PCU.
Type of Vehicle PCU
Car, taxi, pick up 1.0
Cycle, motor cycle 0.5
Bus, truck, 3.0 (4.o in some cases)
Horse drawn cart 4.0
Bullock cart 6.0
Bullock cart (Large) 8.0

Format Of Data Collection Sheet
This is the Format of the sheet in which the data collection is done manually.
IRC: 9-1972
TRAFFIC CENSUS
FIELD DATA SHEET
DATE AND DAY OF THE WEEK:- _________________________ ROAD CLASSIFICATION:- ____________________
DIRECTION OF THE TRAFFIC : UP/DOWN FROM _________________TO ____________________ KILOMERTAGE/MILAGE:____________________
ROUTE NO(IF ANY):-_______________________
DISTRICT______________STATE_____________
TYPE OF
HOUR
OF COUNT
CARS,JEEPS,VANS,
3-WHEELERS
BUSES TRUCKS MOTOR
CYCLES AND
SCOOTERS
ANIMAL
DRAWN
VEHICLES
CYCLES OTHERS
(SPECIFY)
REMARKS
INCLUDING
WEATHER
CONDITION
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
FROM………….HRS
TO………….…..HRS
HOURLY TOTAL
FROM ………....HRS
TO ………………..HRS
HOURLY TOTAL

Terminology Used
1.Up and Down
For the Congestion Point 1
Refers to the vehicle moving from Ara Mor to Dominia Overbridge and Down refers to opposite
of it.
For the Congestion point 2
Refers to the vehicles moving from beginning of Dominia Overbridge to Bihta Station
and Down refers to opposite of it.
Refers to the vehicle moving in Bihta- Lai Rd from Coal Dipu to Hindustan Petroleum and Down
refers to opposite of it.
Refers to the vehicles moving from Sahi Darbar (Janki Temple) to Bikram or IIT and Down refers
to opposite of it.

DAY 1
Congestion Point 1: At Ara Mor Date: 23/10/2019
Taken By: Rajeev Ashoka & Atul Kumar TIME: 12:30 P.M to 1:30 P.M = 1 hour
Data Collection Location: At Bihta Police Station
Graph Showing: No of Vehicles Vs Types of Different Vehicles
UP DOWN
A Cars , Jeep, 3-wheelers 201 261
B Buses 2 3
C Trucks or Tractors 57 65
D Motor Cycles 350 477
E Animal Drawn Vehicles / Muscle Power 0 8
F Cycles 33 47
TOTAL UP =643 TOTAL DOWN=861
TOTAL = 1504
Traffic volume at congestion point 1 =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑎𝑦,ℎ𝑟)
=
1504
1 ℎ𝑟
= 1504 veh./hr
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

DAY 1
Congestion Point 2 Date: 23/10/2019
Taken By: Amit Kr Nirala TIME: 12:30 P.M to 1:30 P.M= 1 Hour
Data Collection Location: At Janki Mandir (At Dominia Overbridge UP-Side)
UP DOWN
B Buses 0 0
F Cycles 60 67
=511 =390
Total=901
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
=
901
1 ℎ𝑟
= 901 veh./hr
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

DAY 1
Congestion Point 3
Taken By: Praveen Kr Mandal Date: 23/10/2019
Data Collection Location: At Coal Dipu TIME: 12:30 P.M to 1:30 P.M
UP DOWN
B Buses 1 0
F Cycles 38 46
=281 =312
Total=593
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
=
593
1 ℎ𝑟
= 593 veh./hr
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

DAY 1
Congestion Point 4: Date: 23/10/2019
Taken By: Osama And Ved Prakash Bambam TIME: 12:30 to 1:30
Data Collection Location: Sahi Darwar (Near Hanuman Temple) , IIT -Bikram Rd
UP DOWN
B Buses 4 7
F Cycles 98 86
=791 =840
Total=1631
=
593
1 ℎ𝑟
= 593 veh./hr
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

Pie Chart showing Traffic Volumes % at different Congestion Points
Congestion Point 1
33%
Congestion Point 2
19%
Congestion Point 3
13%
Congestion Point 4
35%
Day1: Pie Chart Representation

DAY 2
Congestion Point 1: At Ara Mor
Taken By: Rajeev Ashoka & Atul Kumar
Data Collection Location: At Bihta Police Station
Date: 24/10/2019
TIME: 2:00 to 3:00 Pm
UP DOWN
B Buses 475 538
F Cycles 78 70
=852 =918
Total=1770
=
1770
1 ℎ𝑟
= 1770 veh./hr
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

DAY 2
Congestion Point 2
Taken By: Osama & Sumit
Data Collection Location: At Janki Mandir (At Dominia Overbridge UP-Side)
Date: 24/10/2019
TIME: 2:0 to 3:0 PM
UP DOWN
B Buses 0 0
F Cycles 83 86
=737 =753
Total=1490
=
1490
1 ℎ𝑟
= 1490 veh./hr
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

DAY 2
Congestion Point 3
Taken By: Ved Prakash Bambam
Data Collection Location: Coal Dipu (Lai Rd)
Date: 24/10/2019
TIME: 2:00PM to 3:00 PM
UP DOWN
B Buses 5 4
F Cycles 42 60
=321 =356
Total=677
=
677
1 ℎ𝑟
= 677 veh/hr
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

DAY 2
Congestion Point 4
Taken By: Amit Kr Nirala & Pravin Kr Mandal
Data Collection Location: Sahi Darwar (Near Hanuman Temple) , IIT -Bikram Rd
Date: 24/10/2019
TIME: 2:00PM to 3:00 PM
UP DOWN
B Buses 17 16
F Cycles 106 110
=785 =812
Total=1597
=
1597
1 ℎ𝑟
= 1597 veh/hr
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
A B C D E F
UP
DOWN

Pie Chart showing Traffic Volumes % at different Congestion Points
Congestion Point 1
32%
Congestion Point 2
27%
Congestion Point 3
12%
Congestion Point 4
29%
Day 2: Pie Chart Representation

Conclusions till now
1.Mostly no of motor cycles are highest.
2.Percentage of public transport is is low.
3.At Ara Mor, there is not the proper width of the carriage-way to turn.
4.Mostly traffic rules brake by vehicles coming from Ara to Dominia Overbridge
Side and vice versa, they turn directly without obeying traffic rules.
5.No trucks or buses in the congestion point 2.
6.Mostly bikes and autos are in the congestion point 2
7.Mostly the vehicles are crossing Congestion points 1 and 4.

References
1.L.R Kadiyali –Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning
2. A,K Upadhyay-Second Edition 2016 Reprint
3. Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihta)
4.Map (Google Maps- Default Type)
5.Data Collection Sheet – IRC 9-1972, Manual on “Traffic Census on Non-Urban
Roads”, - First Edition , Published by IRC, Jamnagar House, Shahjahan road, New
Delhi- 11 , 1989 Reprint
6.Tables and Charts (Created with Microsoft Word and Excel :2007)

Traffic study project for final year CIVIL engineering

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