It is about Structure of the Heart with Types Of Circulation, Respiratory System with function of respiratory system and also Mechanism Of Respiration

2. The human heart is an organ that pumps blood
throughout the body via the circulatory system,
supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and
removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.

4.  The heart can be found at the center of the chest,
underneath the sternum in a thoracic compartment. It
is made up of four chambers and several valves that
regulate the normal flow of blood within the body.
Two chambers called atria are located in the upper
portion of the heart and receive oxygen-free blood.
The valves that separate these chambers are
called atrioventricular valves which is composed of
the tricuspid valve on the left and the mitral valve on
the right.

5. On the other hand, ventricles are chambers found on
the lower portion of the heart; they pump oxygen-
enriched blood into all organs of the body, reaching
even the smallest cells. Similar to the atria, the
ventricular chambers are also separated by valves.
Collectively-termed as semilunar valves, these are
comprised of the pulmonary and aortic valve.
The heart also has a wall that is composed of three
layers: the outer layer epicardium the middle
layer myocardium and the innermost
layer endocardium. The myocardium is think because
it is made up of cardiac muscle fibers.

6. The structure of the heart is made more complex
because of the mechanisms that allow blood to be
distributed throughout the body and to return into the
heart. Facilitating this continuous process are two
types of blood vessels: veins and arteries.
The vessels that bring oxygen-free blood back into
the heart are called veins; those that bring oxygen-
rich blood away from the heart and to other body
parts are called arteries. Functioning in the left
ventricle, the largest artery is called aorta.

7. The aorta is considered a main artery in the body. It
further splits into two smaller arteries called common
iliac arteries.
With regular functioning, the heart is continuously
able to supply sufficient amount of oxygen to all parts
of the body.

9.  There are three different types of circulation that
occur regularly in the body:
1) Pulmonary circulation
2) Systemic circulation
3) Coronary circulation

10. Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the
heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood
to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon
dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the
heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the
heart and the rest of the body.

11. Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from
the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the
capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue
capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a
system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.

12. Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood
in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle.
This type of circulation provides the heart with
oxygenated blood so it can function properly.

13.  The respiratory system is the network of organs and
tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways,
lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your
lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts
work together to move oxygen throughout the body and
clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.

14.  The respiratory system has many functions. Besides helping
you inhale and exhale.
It also help us in
a) Allows you to talk and to smell.
b) Brings air to body temperature and moisturizes it to the
humidity level your body needs.
c) Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body.
d) Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the
body when you exhale.
e) Protects your airways from harmful substances and
irritants.

15.  The respiratory system has many different parts that work
together to help you breathe. Each group of parts has
many separate components.
Your airways deliver air to your lungs. Your airways are a
complicated system that includes your:

16. A. MOUTH AND NOSE
B. PHARYNX
C. THE LARYNX
D. TRACHEA
A. LUNGS
B. BRONCHI
C. ALVEOLI
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

17.  Mouth and nose :- Openings that pull air from outside your
body into your respiratory system.

18.  Pharynx (throat) :- Is the part of the throat behind the mouth
and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and
trachea – the tubes going down to the stomach and the
lungs.

19.  Larynx(voice box) :- Hollow organ that allows you to talk and
make sounds when air moves in and out. It also keep
food and drink out of the airway

20.  Trachea :- The trachea commonly known as the windpipe,
is a tube about 12 C.M long and its connecting your throat
and lungs.

21. LUNGS
BronchiAlveoli

22.  LUNGS :-
 Your lungs are one of the largest organs in our body.
 Two organs that remove oxygen from the air and pass it
into your blood.
 You have two lungs, which together form one of the
largest organs in your body. The lung on your left is a bit
smaller than the lung on the right because it has to make
room for your heart to fit in your chest too. The lungs and
the heart need to be close together because they work
together.

23.  In the normal adult, the lungs weigh approximately
1000 g. Lung volume increases from about 250
mL at birth to 6000 mL in the adult. The height of a
normal adult lung is 27 cm at total lung capacity,
but in the range of normal breathing it is
approximately 24 cm in height.

24.  Bronchi :- While it is the trachea's purpose to conduct air
from the mouth and nose towards the lungs it is the
bronchi which distribute the air throughout the lungs until
reaching the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

25.  Alveoli :- The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process
of breathing in and breathing out.

26. Mechanism
of
Respiration
Mechanism
Of
Inhalation
Mechanism
Of
Exhalation

27.  mechanism of Inhalation :-
When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm
contracts and moves downward. This increases
the space in your chest cavity, and your lungs
expand into it.
The muscles between your ribs also help enlarge
the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib
cage both upward and outward when you inhale.

28.  mechanism of exhalation :-
Upon exhalation, the lungs recoil to force the air
out of the lungs. The intercostal muscles relax,
returning the chest wall to its original position.
During exhalation, the diaphragm also relaxes,
moving higher into the thoracic cavity.