High school health

1. Anatomy-
Cardiorespiratory
System
Characteristics & Functions

2. Anatomy-Cardiorespiratory System
Terminology
 Fitness-the ability of the heart, blood vessels,
lungs, and muscles to work together to perform
a physical activity.
 Cardiorespiratory endurance-the ability of the
heart, lungs, and blood vessels to distribute
nutrients and oxygen to and remove wastes from
the body’s tissues.
 Cardiology-the study of the heart and the body’s
network of vessels and their functions.

3. Terminology continued. . .
 Oxygenated
 High oxygen level
 Deoxygenated
 Low oxygen level

4. The Heart: Location and Function
 Location:
 The medial cavity of the thorax
 Flanked on both sides by the lungs
 Protected by the thoracic cage
 Slightly tilted off the midline at the
apex
 Function:
 To pump blood throughout the
body
 Blood carries oxygen and nutrients
to the cells
 Blood carries carbon dioxide and
waste products away from the cells

5. Anatomy-Cardiovascular System
Heart
 Heart:
 Function:
 to pump blood throughout
the body
 Blood carries oxygen and
nutrients to the cells
 Blood carries carbon dioxide
and waste products away
from the cells

6. Anatomy-Cardiovascular System
Heart
• Divided into 4 chambers
• R and L atrium (upper
chambers)
• R and L ventricles (lower
chambers)
• Septum-thick vertical wall
divides left and right
chambers.
https://youtu.be/kvfJafl4Es0

7. The Heart
 Heart valves separate each
chamber and prevent a
backflow of the blood
 Tricuspid valve (right A-
V valve)
 Bicuspid (mitral) valve-
(left A-V valve)
 Pulmonary valve
 Aortic valve
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/videos/1608-blood-flow-through-the-heart

8. How does the blood flow through the Heart?
 Blood enters the heart through two large
veins, the inferior and superior vena cava,
emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body
into the right atrium of the heart.
 As the atrium contracts, blood flows from
your right atrium into your right ventricle
through the open tricuspid valve.
 When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve
shuts. This prevents blood from flowing
backward into the atria while the ventricle
contracts.
 As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the
heart through the pulmonic valve, into the
pulmonary artery and to the lungs, where it is
oxygenated and then returns to the left
atrium through the pulmonary veins.
Right Side of Heart

9. The Heart
Left side of the Heart

10. How blood flows to the lungs?
 Once blood travels through the pulmonic
valve, it enters your lungs.
 This is called the pulmonary circulation.
From pulmonic valve, blood travels to the
pulmonary artery to tiny capillary vessels in the
lungs.
 Carbon dioxide leaves the body when you
exhale. Once the blood is purified and
oxygenated, it travels back to the left atrium
through the pulmonary veins.

11. Blood Flow

12. Blood Vessels
 Blood vessels
 Elastic tubes
 Carry blood
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Arteries Veins

13. Anatomy-Cardiovascular System
Arteries
 Arteries
 Muscular, thick,
elastic blood vessels
 Carry oxygenated
blood away from the
heart to body cells,
tissue & organs
 Except for pulmonary
artery
artery

14. Anatomy-Cardiovascular System
Arterioles
 Arterioles
 Small terminal
branches of arteries
 Connect arteries to
capillaries
arteriole
artery

15. Anatomy-Cardiovascular System
Capillaries
 Capillaries
 Very small blood
vessels
 Connect arterioles
to venules
arteriole
artery
capillary

16. Anatomy-Cardiovascular System
Venules
 Venules
 Small veins
 Connect capillaries
to larger veins
arteriole
artery
capillary
venule

17. Anatomy-Cardiovascular System
Veins
 Veins
 Thin walled blood
vessels
 Carry
deoxygenated
blood to the heart
from body cells,
tissue & organs
 Except for
pulmonary vein
arteriole
artery
capillary
venule
vein

18. Direction blood pumps through the heart

19. Blood Pressure
Systole-Contraction reading
• Deoxygenated blood moves from Rt
ventricle through the Pulmonary valve
up into the pulmonary trunk.
• Oxygenated blood moves from Lt
Ventricle through the Aortic valve.
Diastole-Relaxation reading
• Deoxygenated blood moves
through the tricuspid valve
from the atrium.
• Oxygenated blood moves
from Lt atrium through the
Mitral valve to the Lt
ventricle
https://youtu.be/4YNdp3pRjig

20. Movement of Blood
 Heart Rate:
 the speed of the heartbeat
measured by the number
of contractions of the
heart per minute.
 Pulse:
 Occurs in time with
heartbeat.
 Can be measured and
detected at radial
arteries(wrist) and carotid
arteries(neck).
 Stroke Volume:
 The volume of blood
ejected from ventricles
with each contraction.
 Increase fitness level
=decreases resting heart
rate

21. Pneumology
 The study of the
respiratory system-
structure, functions,
disorders, and diseases.

22. The Lungs-Primary Organs Of
Respiratory System
 Location:
On either side of the heart
 Consist of a total of five
lobes
 Right lung has 3 lobes
 Left lung has 2 lobes
 Functions:
 Exchange carbon
dioxide for oxygen
 Help to remove heat
from the body

23. Respiratory Tract
 Pathway of air:
 Air enters through mouth
or nose
 Air is warmed, moistened,
and filtered
 Passes into the pharynx
 Next through the glottis,
the larynx, and into the
trachea (voice box).
 The trachea is a cartilage
ringed tube

24. Gas Exchange within the Lungs
 Trachea divides into two branches
 Called bronchi (plural)
 Enters the thoracic cavity
 Division of bronchi occur within the
lungs called bronchioles
 Bronchioles divide and end in small
sac-like structures called alveoli
 Alveoli microscopic sacs surrounded
by capillaries.
 This is the site of gas exchange for
the body.

25. Mechanics of Breathing
 Thoracic cavity
 Airtight chamber
 Moveable floor called
diaphragm
 Diaphragm-muscle dividing
thoracic cavity and abdominal
cavity
 Inhalation causes the
diaphragm to contract and
move down

26. Mechanics of Breathing
 Inhalation
 Lifts the ribcage and sternum
upwards and outward
 Enlargement of thoracic area reduces
pressure on the lungs and air rushes
in the equalize pressure.
 Exhalation
 Diaphragm, rib and chest muscles
relax reducing size of cavity
 Pressure on the surface increases and
air rushes in from lungs to equalize
pressure

27. Mechanics of Breathing

28. Lung Capacity
 Normal breath measures
approximately ½ liter of
air.
 Total lung capacity
approximately 6 liters.
 Vital capacity is about
4 ½ liters-which is exhale
and inhale as much air as
one can. The lungs are
never completely without
air.
 Increase volume (deep
breathing) increases
oxygen intake.
 During exercise deep
breathing decreases the
stress on the heart and
lungs and improves
endurance while delaying
fatigue.