1) The document discusses fire safety plans and features of the Globus Shopping Mall in Mumbai, India. It details the mall's fire escapes, staircases, signage, ventilation, smoke detectors, fire exits, sprinkler system, and more. 2) It also provides information on fire extinguishers, emergency exits, the fire alarm control panel, the hose reel system, and types of fire alarm systems. 3) The presentation concludes with inferences about potential fire hazards at the mall such as exposed wiring, defunct detectors, and clutter that could obstruct emergency exits. Maintaining clear fire routes and properly storing flammable materials are emphasized.

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DISASTER MANAGMENT
SEMESTER 8
BANDRA, MUMBAI
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PRESENTED BY: SALONI RH
SRN: PES1201701039

2. Fire Escape
A fire escape is a special kind of emergency
exit, usually mounted to the outside of a
building or occasionally inside but separate
from the main areas of the building. It
provides a method of escape in the event
of a fire or other emergency that makes the
stairwells inside a building inaccessible
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GLOBUS SHOPPING MALL
Atrium

3. ENTRY/EXIT
Two access ways to the mall
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4. STAIRCASE
Size: 2m wide
Material: Granite
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5. SIGNANGE
Proper Signage and directions are
provided on each floor
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FIRE EXITS
Fire Exist doors are opened by a push bar.
Speakers are provided on fire exits for
guidance in case of emergency.

7. VENTILATION
Glass ventilators on either side of the staircase.
Smoke outlets/ventilation system from the
basement.
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Smoke Outlets system
Glass Ventilator

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A smoke detector is a device that
detects smoke, typically as an
indicator of fire.
Smoke detectors are typically housed
in a disk-shaped plastic enclosure
about 150 millimetres (6 in) in
diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in)
thick,
Smoke detectors in large
commercial, industrial, and
residential buildings are usually
powered by a central fire alarm
system, which is powered by the
building power with a battery
backup.
Most smoke detectors work
either by optical detection
(photoelectric) or by physical
process (ionization), while others
use both detection methods to
increase sensitivity to smoke.
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Smoke Detector
Photoelectric
Ionisation
PHOTOELECTRIC :In this type
principle of reflected or scattered light
is used to indicate the presence of
visual smoke.
IONIZATION: In this type radioactive
source is used to ionize the air within
sensing chambers.

9. HEAT AND SMOKE VENTS
Heat and Smoke Vents are installed in buildings as an
active fire protection measure
They are openings in the roof which are intended to vent
the heat and smoke developed by a fire inside the
building by the action of buoyancy, such that they are
known as "gravity vents".
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GLOBUS SHOPPING
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Smoke Outlets system
Heat and Smoke Vent
Heat and Smoke Vent
Air Flow through Heat and Smoke Vent

10. Storage occupancies - The heat release rate from high piled storage
commodities is expected to be very high. In such cases, it is considered by
some fire protection professionals desirable to vent the heat from the
building if the temperatures in the building reaches sufficiently high levels
to endanger the structural stability of the roof system.
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REASONS TO
INSTALL VENTS
GLOBUS SHOPPING MALL
The use of vents in sprinklered buildings has been controversial over the
last 25 years. Vent technology and sprinkler technology were developed
independently of one another. Their interaction as beneficial technologies
working together has not been successfully demonstrated. Many fire
protection professionals are concerned that vents may cause sprinkler
systems to fail to control a fire.
Large internal volume spaces – Venting smoke from large spaces which
regularly contain large numbers of people, such as malls and atria
Smoke venting is also considered to provide a minor benefit to increase
the visibility in the interior space to facilitate manual fire fighting efforts
for a limited period of time.

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Mechanically opened vent, powered by springs,
pneumatic actuator, or electric motor.
Drop-out vent – constructed of plastic which shrinks in
the presence of heat (i.e., drop-out panel).
Automatic heat and smoke vents are available commercially
in two general categories:
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any persons who cannot access a safe escape route
any persons assisting another person who is prevented
from escaping
patients in a hospital
sick people
people with disabilities
old people
very young children or infants
medical personnel who may be operating on a patient at
the time of the emergency
operators in a nuclear power station Refuge Area
An area of refuge is a location in a building designed to hold
occupants during a fire or other emergency, when
evacuation may not be safe or possible. Occupants can wait
there until firefighters come to rescue them.
This can apply to the following:
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An area of refuge is typically equipped with a steady
supply of fresh outside air.
The ducting that must supply such fresh air is referred
to as pressurisation ductwork.
Such ductwork are items of passive fire protection, ,
The idea is that the ductwork must remain operable
even while exposed to fire for a duration stipulated for
each occupancy by the local building code.
A two way communication system is required on each
floor above or below the main floor in a newly
constructed building.
A call box is required in each area of refuge which will
call into a central location called a base station. If the
station is not attended 24 hours a day, the call must
automatically call to an outside location and have two-
way voice person to person communication capabilities.
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14. A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a
water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water
distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Sprinkler
systems provide early fire control or extinguishment, helping to mitigate the
hazards for occupants and firefighters alike.
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SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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Standpipe system
Wet standpipe system
Dry standpipe- system
Types Of Sprinkler System:
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher: Carbon Dioxide extinguishers contain
pressurized liquid carbon dioxide, which turns to gas when expelled. Of
particular importance if the fire protection is needed in areas with sensitive
electronic equipment. Effective on Class B or C fires.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
GLOBUS SHOPPING MALL
D Fire Extinguisher: Class D Fire is one that involves combustible metals or
combustible metal alloys. There are basically two types of Class D fire
extinguishers. The extinguishing agent for type 1 Class D is Sodium Chloride.
The extinguishing agent for type 2 Class D is a copper based dry powder.
Clean Agent Fire Extinguisher: Like CO2 , clean agent fire extinguishers store
agent as a liquid, which turns to gas when it hits the air. Effective on Class A,
B, and C fires.
Water Mist Fire Extinguisher: Water Mist fire extinguishers are
environmentally friendly, clean, and easy to use. Water Mist fire extinguishers
have no ODP (ozone depletion potential), no environmental concerns about its
atmospheric life, and it has no toxic products of decomposition. Perfect for
Class A fires, especially where a potential Class C (electrical) hazard exists.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
GLOBUS SHOPPING MALL
Water & Foam Stored Pressure Fire Extinguisher: Stored pressure water fire
extinguishers extinguish fires by providing a cooling, soaking stream of water.
Effective for a Class A fire. AFFF Foam fire extinguishers are typically used to
fight Class B fires, but are rated to fight Class A fires as well. FFFP Foam fire
extinguishers are also Class A:B rated. FFFP foam is alcohol resistant and is
effective on a wide variety of Class B materials
Class K Wet Chemical Fire Extinguisher: Purple K extinguishers contain
specially fluidized and siliconized potassium bicarbonate dry chemical which is
particularly effective on Class B. Wet Chemical fire extinguishers are the best
restaurant kitchen appliance.
Wheeled Unit Fire Extinguisher: A wheeled fire extinguisher is designed with a
larger fire in mind. A wheeled unit allows the fire extinguisher operator to
transport a larger cylinder to the location of a fire.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER CHART
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18. Fire detectors are designed to detect one or more of the three characteristics of fire –
smoke, heat and flame. Besides that, every fire detection system must include manual
call point (break glass), so that in the event of fire, help can be called immediately.
During a fire, activation of an alarm sounders or bells is to arouse the attention of the
occupants so that evacuation can be carried out without causing harm to the
occupants. A sample of fire detection and alarm system installation is shown
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FIRE DETECTION ALARM SYSTEM
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THINGS TO BE TAKEN CARE OF
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Fire protection should be provided in malls with all care and condition that is
required to save lives.
The staircase that is to be provided should be a minimum distance of 24meters
The advantage for fire protection is to save a life during an emergency
Care should be taken that the building in and out is properly maintained
Signage that is to be provided should be properly seen from far away.
Bright colours should be used for signage.

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A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to
respond
When the convected thermal energy of a fire increases
the temperature of a heat sensitive element,the thermal
mass and conductivity of the element regulate the rate
flow of heat into the element. All heat detectors have
this thermal lag.
Heat detectors have two main classifications of
operation, "rate-of-rise" and "fixed temperature."
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HOSE REEL SYSTEM
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Hose reel system is intended for the occupant to use during the early stages
of a fire and comprises hose reel pumps, fire storage tank, hose reels, pip
work and valves. A typical hose reel installation is shown.
Types of Hose:
AttackHose is a fabric-covered, bring water from the fire pumper to the
nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from1.5 to 3 in (38 to 76
mm) and is designed to operate at pressures up to about 400 psi (2,760 kPa).
The standard length is 50 ft. (15.24 m).
Supply and relay Hose is large-diameter, fabric-covered, bring water from a
distant hydrant to the fire pumper or to relay water from one pumper to
another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter
from 3.5 to 5.0 in (89 to 127 mm). They are designed to operate at pressures
up to about 300 psi (2,070 kPa) for the smaller diameters and up to 200 psi
(1,380 kPa) for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 ft. (30.48 m)

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HOSE REEL SYSTEM
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Forestry Hose is a fabric-covered, used to fight fires in grass, brush, and trees
where a lightweight hose is needed in order to maneuverer it over steep or
rough terrain. Forestry hose comes in 1.0 and 1.5 in (25 and 38 mm) nominal
inside diameters and is designed to operate at pressures up to about 450 psi
(3,100 kPa). The standard length is 100 ft. (30.48 m).
Booster Hose is a rubber-covered, thick-walled used to fight small fires.
Booster hose comes in 0.75 and 1.0 in (19 and 25 mm) nominal inside
diameters and is designed to operate at pressures up to 800 psi (5,520 kPa).
The standard length is 100 ft. (30.48 m).
Suction Hose or Hard Suction is a rubber-covered, semi-rigid hose with
internal metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized
sources, such as ponds or rivers, by means of a vacuum. Suction hose ranges
in nominal inside diameter from 2.5 to 6.0 in (64 to 152 mm). The standard
length is 10 ft (3.05 m).

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FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL (FACP)
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A Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP), or Fire Alarm Control Unit (FACU), is the
controlling component of a Fire Alarm System. The panel receives information
from environmental sensors designed to detect changes associated with fire,
monitors their operational integrity and provides for automatic control of
equipment, and transmission of information necessary to prepare the facility for
fire based on a predetermined sequence.
WHERE FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL SHOULD BE LOCATED?? The Fire
Alarm Control panel should normally be sited in an area as follows: Preferably in
an area of low fire risk and on the ground floor by the entrance used by the Fire
Brigade and preferably viewable from outside of the building. It should be located
in an area common to all building users and where automatic detection is in use,
the Control Panel should be in a protected area.

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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
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Conventional
Addressable
Analogue Addressable
All Fire Alarm Systems essentially operate on the same principle. If a detector detects
smoke or heat, or someone operates a break glass unit, then alarm sounders operate
to warn others in the building that there may be a fire and to evacuate.
TYPES :
1.
2.
3.

25. An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire: the
combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also
provides an alternative if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc. It is
usually a strategically located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely place)
outward opening door with a crash bar on it and with exit signs leading to it. A fire
escape is a special kind of emergency exit, mounted to the outside of a building. Local
building codes will often dictate the number of fire exits required for a building of a
given size. This may include specifying the number of stairs For any building bigger
than a private house, modern codes invariably specify at least two sets of stairs.
Furthermore, such stairs must be completely separate from each other
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EMERGENCY EXIT
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INFERENCES
LOCATION
The distance between Bandra fire
station & Globus is about 1 km.
The average time for a fire brigade to
reach Gobus will be about 15 min.
The Fire-Fighting Access is through
the back entrance.
The Entrance connects the main road
10 m wide
Distance between Bandra fire station & Globus

27. SERVICE STAIRCASE
Clothes are the major fire load of the
building and there is inadequate storage of
it especially in small store areas and in the
service staircase. These areas can be a
possible fire hazard.
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INFERENCES
EXPOSED WIRING
Exposed wires and instruments strewn
along with clothes can be a potential fire
hazard.
Service Staircase
Exposed Wiring

28. DEFUNCT FIRE DETECTORS
Some of the detectors are defunct and
there is a lack of periodic inspection. The
detectors should be maintained and taken
care of.
CLUTTER FREE FIRE EXIT
They should store clothes in a orderly
manner in the store rooms and the fire
exit / service staircase should be made
clutter free.
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INFERENCES
Defunct Fire Detector
Clutter Free Fire Exit

29. ILL-USAGE OF STAIRCASE
Improper storage of flammable
materials in the fire escape
staircase.
Hose reel system adjacent to
the staircase.
Curved design makes its
inefficient for use as a fire
safety staircase.
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Plan
Stairwell
Stairwell

30. FUNCTIONALITY
There should be periodical checking of
functionality of various equipments like
Speakers, hydrants, alarms
extinguishers, detectors, sprinklers etc.
If any malfunctioned should
immediately be replaced
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31. FIRE DRILLS
The employees should be well informed about fire
safety They were lacking of such People. They should
have a proper Fire fighting unit dedicated to fire
fighting. They should conduct fire drills. They should
properly maintain storage, and exit area
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32. https://www.slideshare.net/ctm2015vnit/fire-safety-
arrangement
https://www.slideshare.net/esashaikh/fire-fighting-and-
solution-for-globus-shopping-mall-bandra
http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Chap-
7.pdf
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SOURCES

33. T
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SALONI R HOSMANI
PES1201701039
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
UA17BA456
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SEMESTER 8
PESU, FOAD
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