.....

1. STUDY OF FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
Submitted by
Kamlesh Patel- 49
Rohan Rajput -
Akash Arikar -114
Project Guide
Dr. M.S.Kadu

2. Aim :- To study the fire fighting system of existing
buildings as per the National Building Code (NBC) Part 4
(2016) :- Fire and Life Safety.
Objective :- Preparation of Detailed report with respect
to NBC Part 4 and suggesting the changes which can be
made for Life as well as building safety

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

4. According to clause no. 3.1.1 of NBC part 4 of page no. 12 - All buildings,
whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the use
or the character of occupancy in one of the following groups:
• Group A Residential
• Group B Educational
• Group C Institutional
• Group D Assembly
• Group E Business
• Group F Mercantile
• Group G Industrial
• Group H Storage
• Group J Hazardous

5. GROUP A : RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
 Subdivision A-1 : Lodging or rooming houses
 Subdivision A-2 : One or two family private
dwellings
 Subdivision A-3 : Dormitories
 Subdivision A-4 : Apartment houses
 Subdivision A-5 : Hotels
 Subdivision A-6 : Hotels ( starred )

6. GROUP C : INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
 Subdivision C-1 : Hospitals and sanatoria
 Subdivision C-2 : Custodial institutions
 Subdivision C-3 : penal and mental institutions

7. FIRE ZONES
According to clause no. 3.2.2.2 of NBC part 4 of page no.17 -
The fire zones shall be made use of in land use development
plan and shall be designated as follows:
 A city is divided into various zones of fire based on fire
hazard inherent in the buildings and structures according to
occupancy, which shall be called as ‘Fire Zones’.
1. Zone -1 : areas having residential, educational, Institutional,
small businesses, retail Mercantile buildings or areas under
construction f such occupancies
2. Zone -2 : Business and Industrial buildings, except high
hazard industrial buildings
3. Zone -3 : This comprise Buildings with high hazard.

8. FIRE PROTECTION

9. OBJECTIVES OF FIRE PROTECTION:
 Primary objectives:-
To save lives and protect property.
 Secondary objectives:-To minimize
interruption of services due to fire

10. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE AND
CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS

11. CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS:-
 Light (low) hazard: Locations where the total amount of Class
A combustible materials is minor.
 Ordinary (moderate) hazard: Locations where Class A
combustibles and Class B flammables are present in greater
amounts than expected under light hazard occupancies.
 Extra (high) hazard: Locations with large quantities of highly
combustible materials and conditions are such that fires could
develop quickly with high heat release.

12. FIRE DETECTION AND SIGNALLING SYSTEM
MANAUAL ALARM
DETECTION
 ▪ Bells, gongs, and flashing lights
are manually activated by a switch.
 ▪ To avoid accidental operation o f
the switch, the station is usually
designed so that a person must
break a glass panel or glass rod or
must perform other preliminary
actions before the alarm can be
operated

13. THERMAL DETECTORS:-
 This sensor consists of normally open
contact held by bimetallic elements
that will close the contacts when the
ambient temperature reaches a fixed
setting. The setting is generally
designed for operation at setting is
generally designed for operation at
57℃, 88 ℃, or 94℃.
 This sensor reacts to the rate at
which the temperature rises. It
contains a sealed but slightly vented
air chamber which expands quickly
when the temperature near the device
rises quickly When the air chamber
expands faster than it can be vented
near the device rises quickly.

14. STANDPIPE SYSTEM:-
▪ STANDPIPE SYSTEMS CONSIST OF PIPING, VALVES, HOSE CONNECTIONS,
AND NOZZLES TO PROVIDE STREAMS OF WATER FOR FIRE SUPPRESSION.

15. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS:-
AUTOMATIC SPRIKLERS SHALL
BE INSTALLED IN:-
 Basement used as car parks or
storage occupancy, if the area
exceeds 200m^2
 Any room or other compartment
of building exceeding 1125m^2
 Departmental stores or shops, if
aggregate covered area exceeds
500m^2
 Go-downs and warehouses, as
considered necessary
 Dressing rooms , stage
basement of theatres.
 In hotels below 15 m, if covered
area at each floor is more than
1000m^2

16. FIRE DETECTORS:-SENSE ONE OR MORE OF THE PHENOMENA
RESULTING FROM FIRE SUCH AS SMOKE , HEAT , ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
RADIATION OR GAS
SMOKE DETECTORS FLAME DETECTORS

17. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
1. Dry chemical powder type-
cylindrical shape fire extinguisher with fixing hangers,
hose, brackets, screws to required size etc., complete as
per IS:2171 - wall mounted type.5 Kg. Capacity
2. CO2 type -
cylindrical shape fire extinguisher with fixing hangers, hose,
brackets, screws to required size etc.,complete as per
IS:2878 - wall mounted type.4.5 Kg. Capacity
3. ABC type fire extinguisher-
with fixing hangers, hose, brackets, screws to required size
etc., complete as per IS:13849:1993 -Wall mounted type 5
Kg. Capacity 2Kg.
4. Mechanical foam type fire extinguishers of 9 lit capacity
with fixing hangers, hose, brackets, screws to required
size etc., complete as per IS:10204 -Wall mounted type

18. WET RISER CUM DOWN RISER SYSTEM
ALONG WITH HYDRANT
 900 lpm (54 Cum/hr.) electrically driven mono block
centrifugal terrace level pump at 3.5 Kg/Sqcm or 3.43
bar and 2900 rpm with all necessary accessories and
shall be automatic.
 63mm dia oblique type, Single headed yard hydrant,
gunmetal conforming to IS:5290.
 Reinforced rubber lined hose with gunmetal coupling of
63mm dia, conforming toIS:636 & IS:903 respectively
and as per the requirement of local fire service
department. 15 m long (For fire escape hydrants)& 15
m long (For yard hydrants).
 Hose reel with 19mm rubber hose and 25mm dia globe
valve conforming to IS:884 & as per the requirement of
local fire service department.
 A rising main consists essentially of a pipe
(of 100mm diameter)

19. STANDPIPE/RISER
 Types of risers use :
WET RISERS- Wet risers are kept permanently
charged with water which is then immediately available
for use on any floor with an outlet. Buildings above 60
meters in height should be provided with wet risers. Wet
risers in building should not be used for any other
purpose.
The water supply system to the riser should be capable
of providing a pressure of 410 kPa or 4.1 bar at the highest
outlet. Lower outlets should be protected against
excessive pressure whereby pressures should limited to
520 kPa or 5.2 bar maximum at any outlet.
Wet riser system is always the preferred system unless
freezing conditions may occur. In this case the dry riser
system is to be used.

20. CASE STUDY 1
RAMBAGH COMPLEX
NAGPUR

21. INTRODUCTION
As per our project, Fire assessment of existing building, we
have done a case study on Rambagh
Complex,12,Ramkrishnanagar khamla road ,NAGPUR.
In which we have found out clauses where the building satisfies
various norms as per NBC part 4 (2016)& where the building
lacks in fire protection. Also, we have given some remedial
measures wherever applicable.

23. After studying plan of civil engineering building with respect to NBC Part 4 (2016),
following observations are made
Observation 1
According to clause no. 3.1.1 of NBC part 4 of page no. 12 - All buildings, whether
existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the use or the character
of occupancy in one of the following groups:
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly
Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
According to this clause the
departmental building comes under
Group-A type i.e. RESIDENTIAL
building.

24. Observation 2:
According to clause no. 3.1.2 (d) of NBC part 4 of page no. 13- These shall include
any building or structure in which living quarters are provided for three or more
families, living independently of each other and with independent cooking facilities,
for example, apartment houses, mansions and chawls.
This clause clearly states that the Residential building comes under Sub-
Division A-4 i.e. Apartment houses, flats.
Observation 3:
According to clause no. 3.2.2.2 of NBC part 4 of page no.13 - The fire zones shall
be made use of in land use development plan and shall be designated as follows:
g) Fire Zone No. 1 — This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A),
educational (Group B), institutional (Group C), and assembly (Group D), small
business (Subdivisions E-1) and retail mercantile (Group F) buildings,.
h) Fire Zone No. 2 — This shall comprise business (Sub-divisions E-2 to E-5) and
industrial buildings (Sub-division G-1 and G-2), except high hazard industrial
buildings (Sub-division G-3) .
i) Fire Zone No. 3 — This shall comprise areas having high hazard industrial
buildings (Subdivision G-3), storage buildings (Group H) and buildings for
hazardous used (Group J) or areas which are under development for such
occupancies.
According to this classification, our building comes under Fire Zone No.1.

25. Observation no. 4
Table no.10 clause no 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 page no. 72 shows the data consisting
minimum thickness required of solid masonry walls requires to resist fire from one
side at a time. According to this table the building having type-1 construction should
have masonry walls of minimum thickness of 100mm.
In the residential building the thickness of masonry walls provided is 230mm
which is satisfied as per this clause.
Observation no.5
According to clause no. 4.4.2.4.3 of NBC part 4 of page no. 33- The minimum
width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mm for internal staircase of residential
buildings. This shall be 300 mm for assembly, hotels, educational, institutional,
business and other buildings. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a
manner to prevent slipping.
And in the residential building considered, it is 260 mm,which satisfies the
given
clause.

29. CASE STUDY 2
SANJEEVANI HOSPITAL
GODHNI,NAGPUR

30. The Sanjeevani Hospital,Divya Nagri godhani Road Nagpur, was
established in 20
The building consists of G+2 floors and 1 continuous stairways from
ground floor to terrace with great infrastructure and architectural view. The
building has different plans for all the floors and the plan of all the floors
are given in the section below.
INTRODUCTION:

33. Observation 1:
According to clause no. 3.1.1 of NBC part 4 (2016) of page no. 12 - All
buildings, whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according
to the use or the character of occupancy in one of the following groups:
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly
Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial
Group Storage
Group J Hazardous
According to this clause the considered building comes under Group-C type
i.e. Institutional building.

34. Observation 2:
According to clause no 3.1.4 of NBC PART- 4 (2016) of page no 14,these shall
include any building or part thereof, which is used for purposes, such as
medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental
illness, disease or infirmity; care of infants, convalescents or aged persons and
for penal or correctional detention in which the liberty of the inmates is
restricted. Institutional buildings ordinarily provide sleeping accommodation for
the occupants.
Buildings and structures under Group C shall be further subdivided as follows:
Subdivision C-1 Hospitals and sanatoria
SubdivisionC-2 Custodial institutions
Subdivision C-3 Penal and mental institutions
According to this clause, our building comes under Subdivision
C-1.

35. Observation 3:
According to clause no. 3.2.2.2 of NBC part 4 of page no.13 - The fire zones
shall be made use of in land use development plan and shall be designated as
follows:
a) Fire Zone No. 1 -This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A),
educational (Group B), institutional (Group C), assembly (Group D), small
business (Subdivision E-1) and mercantile (Group F) buildings, or areas which
are under development for such occupancies.
b) Fire Zone No. 2 -This shall comprise business (Subdivisions E-2 to E-5)
and industrial buildings (Subdivisions G-1 and G-2), except high hazard
industrial buildings (Subdivision G-3) or areas which are under development
for such occupancies.
c) Fire Zone No. 3 -This shall comprise areas having high hazard industrial
buildings (Subdivision G-3), storage buildings (Group H) and buildings for
hazardous uses (Group J) or areas which are under development for such
occupancies.
According to this clause,our building comes under Fire Zone No. 1.

36. Observation 4:
Table no.10 clause no 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 page no. 72 shows the data consisting
minimum thickness required of solid masonry walls requires to resist fire from
one side at a time. According to this table the building having type-1 construction
should have masonry walls of minimum thickness of 100mm.
In the Institutional building the thickness of masonry walls provided is
230mm which is satisfied as per this clause.
Observation 5:
According to clause no. 4.4.3.4.3 of NBC part 4 of page no. 33 -The maximum
height of riser shall be 190 mm for residential buildings and 150 mm for other
buildings and the number shall be limited to 12 per flight
In the Institutional building, the maximum height of riser is 158 mm and
maximum number of riser provided per flight is 9. Hence it does not fully satisfy
the above clause.
.

39. CONCLUSION
Case Study 1
• In Rambagh Complex, some of the clauses were satisfied and some were not
satisfied so according to this study various changes in the building wherever it
can be possibleshould be provided so that it satisfies according to thenorm.
• Exit signs and floor indicating boards on each floor are required, two
extinguishers should be provided on each floor, and hose reel along with a
separate water supply terrace tank of 25,000lit capacity for fire fighting should be
provided.
• As the height of the building exceeds 15m, fire lift shall be provided in the
building with a separate emergency lighting system.

40. Case Study 2
• In hospital Building, some of the clauses were satisfied and some were not
satisfied so according to this study various changes in the building wherever it
can be possible should be provided so that it satisfies according to the norm.
• Exit signs and floor indicating boards on each floor are essential from safety point
of view. , two extinguishers should be provided on each floor, and hose reel
along with a separate water supply terrace tank of 10,000lit capacity for fire
fighting should be provided.
.

41. • Specification for smoke detectors for use in automatic electrical fire alarm
system 11360: 1985
•National Building Code part-4 (2016)
•Fire Extinguishers- IS: 933:1989
•Portable chemical fire extinguishers, foam type (third revision)- IS: 934: 1989
•Portable chemical fire extinguishers, water type (gas cartridge) (third revision)-
IS: 2171: 1985
•Portable chemical fire extinguishers, Dry Powder (Cartridge type) (third
revision)-IS: 2190: 1992
•Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of portable first -
aid fire extinguisher (third revision)-IS: 2878: 1986
•Portable fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide type (second revision)-IS: 4562:
1968
REFERENCES

42. THANK YOU