PRESENTATION ON FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT 1.pptx

1. FIRE SAFETY IN A MULTIUSE
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
BUILDING MANAGEMENT BY RAMESH ,SURENDHAR & GOPIRAJ

2. Fire safety refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the
likelihood of a fire that may result in death, injury, or property damage,
alert those in a structure to the presence of an uncontrolled fire in the
event one occurs, better enable those threatened by a fire to survive in
and evacuate from affected areas, or to reduce the damage caused by a
fire. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during
the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are
already standing, and those that are taught to occupants of the building.
Threats to fire safety are referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may
include a situation that increases the likelihood a fire may start or may
impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
LITERATURE STUDY
FIRE SAFETY
Passive fire protection (PFP) . Passive fire protection, which includes compartmentalisation of the
overall building through the use of fire-resistance rated walls and floors. Organization into
smaller fire compartments, consisting of one or more rooms or floors, prevents or slows the
spread of fire from the room of fire origin to other building spaces, limiting building damage and
providing more time to the building occupants for emergency evacuation or to reach an area of
refuge.
Fire protection
Passive Active
Active fire protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection. AFP is characterised by items
and/or systems, which require a certain amount of motion and response in order to work,
contrary to passive fire protection.

3. COMPONENTS OF PASSIVE FIRE SAFETY.
The design of any building and the type of materials used in its construction are important factors
in making the building resistant to a complete burn-out and in preventing the rapid spread of fire,
smoke or fumes, which may otherwise contribute to the loss of lives and property.
Building classification
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly
Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
All buildings, whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the use or the
character of occupancy in one of the following groups:
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
LIFE SAFETY
Every building shall be so constructed, equipped, maintained and operated as to avoid
undue danger to the life and safety of the occupants from fire, smoke, fumes or panic during the time
period necessary for escape.

4. General Exit Requirements
An exit may be a doorway; corridor passageway(s)to an internal staircase, or external
staircase, or to veranda or terrace, which have access to the street, or to the roof of a building or a refuge
area. An exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to an adjoining building at the same level.
Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exits.
Every exit, exit access or exit discharge shall be
continuously maintained free of all obstructions or
impediments to full use in the case of fire or other
emergency.
Every building meant for human occupancy shall be
provided with exits sufficient to permit safe escape
of occupants, in case of fire or other emergency.
Exits shall be clearly visible and the route to
reach the exits shall be clearly marked and signs
posted to guide the occupants of the floor concerned.
Signs shall be illuminated and wired to an independent
electrical circuit on an alternative source of supply.
Fire doors with 2 h fire resistance shall be provided at
appropriate places along the escape route
Occupant Load
For determining the exits required, the number of
persons within any floor area or the occupant load
shall be based on the actual number of occupants,
Occupant Load
S1.no Group of Occupancy Occupant Load,
Area in m2/Per
1 Residential(A) 12.5
2. Educational(B) 4
3. Institutional(C) 15
4. Assembly(D)
With fixed or Loose seats 0.6
And dance floors
Without seating facilities 1.5
Including dining rooms
5 Mercantile
a) Street floor 3
b) Upper sale floors 6
6 Business ,industrial 10
Storage(H) 30
Hazardous(J) 10

5. i) Residential(A) 30.0
ii) Educational(B) 30.0
iii Institutional(C) 30.0
iv) Assembly(D) 30.0
v) Business(E) 30.0
vi) Mercantile(F) 30.0
vii) Industrial(G) 45.0
viii) Storage(H) 30.0
ix) Hazardous(J) 22.5
) Residential(A) 25 50 75
ii) Educational(B) 25 50 75
iii) Institutional(C) 25 50 75
iv) Assembly (D) 40 50 60
v) Business(E) 50 60 75
vi) Mercantile(F) 50 60 75
vii) Industrial(G) 0 60 5
viii) Storage(H) 50 60 75
ix) Hazardous(J) 25 30 40
Building type stairways ramps doors
Occupants per Unit Exit Width
Travel distances.
Exits shall be so located that the travel, distance
on the floor shall not exceed the distance
For fully sprinklered building, the travel distance
may be increased by 50 percent of the values
specified.
Ramps shall be protected with automatic
sprinkler system and shall be counted as one of
the means of escape.
No of Exits
The general requirements of number of exits
shall be derived from the adjacent table.
Building type Distances

6. STAIRWAYS RAMPS DOORS
Mercantile(F) 50 60 75
MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCE
NO OF OCCUPANTS PER UNIT EXIT WIDTH
WITHOUT ACTIVE FIRE SYSTEMS WITH ACTIVE FIRE SYSTEMS
Mercantile(F) 30 M 45 M
Mercantile
a) Street floor and sales basement 3
b) Upper sale floors 6
OCCUPANT LOAD Area in m2/Person
NBC NORMS FOR A MERCANTILE BUILDING
STAIRWAYS DOORS
Mercantile(F) 120 90
OCCUPANTS PER UNIT EXIT WIDTH
EXIT CORRIDOR WIDTH – MIN 2400 MM
EXIT CORRIDOR HT –MIN 2400 MM
EXIT DOOR WIDTHS –MIN 2400 MM
EXIT DOOR HT – MIN 2400 MM
MAX TRAVEL DISTANCE – 45 M
CINEMATOGRAPHIC RULES FOR MULTIPLEX.

7. FIRE LIFTS
Where applicable, fire lifts shall be provided with a minimum capacity for 8 passengers
and fully automated with emergency switch on ground level. In general, buildings 15 m in height or
above shall be provided with fire lifts.
In case of fire only fireman shall operate the fire lift. In normal course, it may be used by other
persons.
The number and location of fire lifts in a building shall be decided after taking into consideration
various factors like building population, floor area, compartmentation, etc.
Escape lighting shall be capable of
a) Indicating clearly and unambiguously the escape routes,
b) Providing adequate illumination along such routes to allow safe
movement of persons towards and through the exits,
c) Ensuring that fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipments
provided along the escape routes can be readily located.
The emergency lighting shall be provided to be put on within 1 s of
the failure of the normal lighting supply.
EXIT SPACES LIGHTING.

8. COMPONENTS OF ACTIVE FIRE SAFETY.
Fire detection and information systems
Fire fighting systems
Fire escape
Fire detection and information systems
Manual call points.
A fire alarm pull station is an active fire protection device, usually wall-mounted, that,
when activated, initiates an alarm on a fire alarm system. In its simplest form, the user activates the
alarm by pulling the handle down, which completes a circuit and locks the handle in the activated
position, sending an alarm to the fire alarm control panel. After operation, some fire alarm pull
stations must be restored to the ready position using a special tool or key in order to deactivate the
alarm sequence and return the system to normal.
Manual call point.
Automatic Fire Detection and information System.
Fire alarm system comprising components for
automatically detecting a fire, initiating an alarm to the
public or the user of fire and initiating other actions as
appropriate.

9. MANUAL FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS WITH FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.
Manual Fire fighting systems by fire hydrants and hose reel drums.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A system of water pipes fitted with sprinkler heads at suitable intervals and heights and designed to
actuate automatically, control and extinguish a fire by the discharge of water.

10. Gaseous fire suppression is a term to describe the use of inert gases and chemical
agents to extinguish a fire . The system typically consists of the agent, agent storage containers,
agent release valves, fire detectors , fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation
signalling), agent delivery piping, and agent dispersion nozzles. Less typically, the agent may be
delivered by means of solid propellant gas generators that produce either inert or chemically
active gas. systems are commonly used to protect areas containing valuable or critical equipment
such as data processing rooms, telecommunication switches, and process control rooms.
Gaseous fire suppression
A water storage tank of minimum 20000 litres capacity, which may be used for other construction
purposes also.
Fire safety during construction.
A high rise building during construction shall be provided with the following fire protection
measures, which shall be maintained in good working
condition at all the times.
Dry riser of minimum 100 mm diameter pipe with hydrant outlets on the floors constructed with a
fire service inlet to boost the water in the
dry riser and maintenance should be as per the requirements laid down in good practice .
Drums filled with water of 2000 litres capacity with two fire buckets on each floor

11. A 1.48 million sq ft
development of large retail
area,
INTRODUCTION
 A nine-screen multiplex
 0.3 million sq ft commercial and office space
 A 23-level multi-level car parking
 Accommodate about 2,000 cars
has been chosen as site
to carry out the study, as
it comprises multiple
functionalities at one
roof.
Architects- Thomas Associates.
Vendor – Agni control
Engineering.

12. SORROUNDINGS
METRO STATION
SITE

13. FIRE
RESCUE
STATIONS
KOYAMBEDU FIRE STATION
ASHOK NAGAR FIRE STATION

14. SITE PLAN
KEY PLAN

15. HYPER MARKET

16. MULTIPLEX LEVEL PLAN – THIRD FLOOR PLAN

17. HYPER AND MULTIPLEX
OFFICE
MLCP
BASE MENT SEVICES AND PARKING
OVERALL BUILDING SECTION

18. FIRE ENGINE DRIVE / SITE PLAN

19. YARD HYDRANT LOCATIONS

20. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION STUDY
Travel Distance for Occupancy for retail.

21. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION STUDY
Travel Distance for Occupancy MULTIPLEX LOBBY

22. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION STUDY
Travel Distance for Occupancy MULTIPLEX
SAFETY SEATS
RISK SEATS

23. S.NO Use
Area
IN
SQ.M
Area / person in
SQ.M
Total No of
occupants
No of exit width
required
Provided Exit
widths Shortage
1 RETAIL/FLOOR 10415 6 1735.833333 23.14444444 12.3 10.844444
2 MULTIPLEX 1114 6 3191.666667 26.59722222 16.4 10.197222
EXIT WIDTH ANALYSIS
FIRE EXIT SIGNAGE FIRE HYDRANT CABINET EXIT CORRIDOR LIGHTING
PHOTOGRAPHS
EXIT CORRIDOR LIGHTING
MULTIPLEX AREA

24. ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION STUDY
All the levels are equipped with concealed fire sprinklers and
smoke detectors with public addressable alarms .
Pump room for the fire sprinklers along with a water tank of
capacity about 300000 liters, located at the basement serves for
the entire building.
Hydrant shafts along with hose reel assembly are located in the
corridors as well as at the emergency exit points.
Exit corridors are clear and free from obstruction provided with
enough lighting.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS.
The complete mall is equipped
with the smoke and heat sensors
at appropriate places .Food court
kitchens are equipped with heat
sensors The smoke sensors are
connected to the alarm panel
located at the BMS room for
monitoring 24 x 7.sound strobe
and warning lights to inform the
public incase of fire are located at
the corridors and near the fire
escape staircases.
Hydrant,Pas systems..

25. FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS.

26. SMOKE DETECTOR LOOPING SYSTEM.

27. Pump room comprises of four pumps namely
1,jockey pump
2.Sprinkler pump
3.Hydrant pump
4.Diesel Gen pump
At the initial stage or for the minor fire incident the
jockey pump serves for it, when the pressure of water
goes down from 6kg to 7kg ,the jockey pump by itself
shuts down and the sprinkler pump starts automatically
to maintain the pressure .in case if fire continuous
further hydrant pump also starts along with the sprinkler
thus maintaining the adequate pressure. If heavy fire
occurs and a power shuts down the diesel pump with a
capacity of about 120 hp runs in auto mode without any
power requirement to control the fire even in absence of
electrical supply. Pumps are connected with the building
management systems which the operations can be
monitored
PUMP ROOM
PUMP ROOM
Concealed sprinklers.
False ceiling Concealed sprinklers are fixed at the common
areas thus giving an Importance to the aesthetics, the concealed
sprinkler consists of a round cap fixed at the Edge which falls down
when it acquires a temperature of about 58 degree celcius,thus
Exposing the sprinkler bulb to the fire. the sprinkler bulb when senses
about 64 degree Celsius ,it automatically bursts and pump water to
fight the fire.
Sprinklers are placed at intervals of 3m min to 3.5 m max.
Concealed sprinklers.

28. INFERENCES
The entire mall including the MLCP has been equipped with fire detection ,public addressing and fire
fighting systems thus considering the safety .
A fire exit staircase at third level and staircase at fourth is never connected with the lobby, which will
create a panic situation in case of fire, as one has to enter a shop to exit through a fire staircase, other wise
he has to climb the nearby next staircase ,which may also lead to a accident.
The required no of staircase short fall in the retail levels around 10 m in width which is approximately
5 of staircases of 2m width to be provided for safety.
The required no of staircase short fall in the multiplex levels around 10m in width which is approximately
staircases of 2m width to be provided for safety.
 5 staircases of 2m width to be constructed pertaining to travel distance limits for multiplex as well as the
retail levels
Distances from the Theatre rear exits to the fire staircase are within the travel distance limits of 25 m for
all the screens except the screen 8.
Travel distance from Theatre main Entrance/Exit are within the travel distances only for the screens 2,3
,4, 7,8.