Geography class 10 lifelines of national economy ppt

1. Chapter - 7
Lifelines of National Economy

2. Lifelines of National Economy
Topics
Transport
Communication
International Trade
Tourism

3. Transport
• Roadways
• Railways
• Pipelines
• Inland
• Overseas
• Domestic
• International

4. Roadways
• Growing importance of Roads
over Railways.
• Construction cost of roadways
is much lesser than that of
railways.
• Can be built in uneven
surfaces like hills and
mountains.
• Can traverse more dissected
and undulating
• Economical in transportation.
• Provides door to door
services.
• Provides link to other
transport / Feeder to other
transport

5. Classification of
Road
1. Golden Quadrilateral
Super Highways
2. National Highways
3. State Highways
4. District Roads
5. Other/Rural Roads
6. Border Roads

6. Golden Quadrilateral Super
Highways
 Major road development project linking (Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai
, Calcutta)
 It also includes N-S corridors (Srinagar -Kanyakumari),E-W
Corridors (Silchar – Porbander )
 Implemented and Managed by National Highways Authority of
India(NHAI)
 Objective is reduces Time & Distance and connects the Mega
Cities

7. National Highways VS State Highways
National Highways
• Links the extreme parts of the Country
• Other state capital to National Capital
• Primary Road System
• Laid and maintained by Central Public
Work Department
• Shah Suri Marg –NH-1 (Delhi to Amritsar)
State Highways
• Links State Capital with the districts
Headquarters
• Constructed and maintained by (SPWD)
State Public Works Department

8. District Roads, Other/Rural Road &
Border Roads
• Links districts
Headquarters to all parts of
the districts
• Maintained by Zilla
Parishad
• Links Rural areas with
the towns
• Constructed under
Pradhan Mandhri
Grandin Sedan Yojana
• Maintained and constructed by
Border Road Organization from
1960
• Roads in Bordering area – North
& North Eastern borders

9. Classification
of Road
Metaled Roads
Non-Metaled Roads

10. Classification of Road
(On the basis of materials used)
Metaled
Roads
•Cement, Concrete and
Bitumen of Coal
Non-
Metaled
Roads
•Clay or Crush rocks useful in
Dry Season

11. Problems faced
by Roads
• Road volume is in adequate as
compared to the population
• Bridges & Tunnels Culverts
connecting roads are old and
narrow at many places
• High traffic congestion in cities
• Many roads are unmetaled due
to which transportation is
difficult during rainy season
• Adequate reach of NH in Many
Places

12. Road Density
 The Length of roads laid per 100
square km of area
 Due to the topography it varies from
12.14 Km in Jammu & Kashmir to
517.77Km in Kerala with the national
average of 142.68

13. Railways

14. Importance and Problems of Railways
Importance of Railways
 Principal Mode of Transportation for Goods
and Passengers
 Carry bulky weight & Excellent for long
distance
 Largest public sector undertaking in the
country
 Used to conduct multifarious activities
 Business trips & sight seeing Pilgrimage
accelerate the development of trade and
agriculture
Problems:
• Difficult to lay railway lines insandy
hilly & Mountainous Regions
• Requires Construction of bridges over
large river in north and the eastern
India
• Problems of sinking of Railway track &
landslides blocking tracks
• Cost of laying tracks are too high

15. Pipelines
• Used initially to transport water to
cities
• Now, transport oil, fuels
• New mode of transportation
• Water transportation to cities and
industries
• Used for transporting Crude oil,
Petroleum, Natural gas, Iron Ore
and solid into slurry
• It rules out transshipment losses or
delays.
• Initial cost of laying is high but
subsequent is minimal

16. Pipelines Present in India
Oil
• Assam -
Kanpur
Petrol &
Crude oil
• Sataya -
Jahanhar
Gas
• Hazzira -
Jagadishour

17. Waterways
Cheapest Means of
Transport
Fuel Efficient &
environmental
friendly
Suitable for carrying
heavy bulky goods

18. Inland waterways-
National
Waterways
1. NW-1 Allahabad - haldia –
R. Ganga
2. NW-2 Sadiya - Dhubri –
R. Brahmaputra
3. NW-3 West Coast Canal in
Kerala
4. NW-4 Canals of Tamilnadu
Puducherry Canal
5. NW-5 Mahanadi,
Brahmaputra rivers and
east coast canal

19. Major Sea Ports
• 12 major and 200 minor sea ports
• 95% Foreign Trade
• Kandla in Kuchchh (Tidal Port) wake of karachi port
• Mumbai Port –Biggest spacious ,well-known sheltered
harbor
• Jawaharlal Nehru port –Decongest Mumbai port
• Marmagao Port- Iron Ore exporting
• New mangolare, Kochchi port, tuticorrn, Chennai,
Vishakhapatnam, Paradwip, Kolkata, haldia

20. Airways
 Fastest, Most comfortable &
prestigious
 Covers very difficult Terrains,
Mountains and Deserts
 Privileged means of transport
 Not Cheap
 Luggage Constraint
 It is nationalized in 1953.

21. Domestic, International Air Services
&
Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd.
Air Services in India
Domestic
Indian Airlines
Alliance Air
International
Air India
Pawanhans Helicopters
Ltd
Service to oil and natural gas
corporation to inaccessible
areas & difficult Terrains like
north eastern states

22. Communication
 Act of exchanging Information
 Means of Communication
 Personal
 Mass
 Indian Postal Network is the
Largest Network
 First Class Mails – Cards,
Envelops
 Second Class Mail –
Newspaper, Books

23. Personal
Communication
 To improve telephonic
communication
government had made
special provision to
extend 24 hours
 facility to every
village in the country
 statistic landline and
mobile services
improve to ensure
faster personal
Communication

24. Mass
Communication
 Process of transferring a message to a
large group of people
 Provide entertainment create
awareness about national programs
and policies
 It includes Radio, TV, newspapers,
internet, magazines, books & films
 TV and radio –AIR/Doordahan
Broadcast
 Newspapers periodicals magazines
published in many languages Hindi
English/regional languages
 India is the largest producer of plums
 Central Board of film certification is
the authority to certify both Indian
and Foreign Films

25. International
Trade
• Exchange of goods among people is
referred as trade
• Trade between two countries is
called as international trade
• Libeualisational policy 1991
• The balance of trade is difference
between its export and import
• when the value of export exceeds
is called favorable trade
• When the value of imports exceeds
is called unfavorable trade

26. Exports &
Import
• Exports-Agricultural Products, metal and
Jewelry
• Import-Petroleum, gems, electronic
items and machineries
• India is a software giant at international
level because it is developed in IT sector
Jewelry Spices
Imports

27. Tourism
 4.3 million foreign visited 2015
 135 193 rupees crore of foreign
exchange
 15 people are involved in
tourism industry
 advantages
 promote National Integration
 provide support handicraft,
 development of international
understanding about our
cultural & heritage
 foreign tourist visit for heritage,
Eco, Adventure, culture,
medical, business, tourism