Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
HEN Faizan 211121 ffinal.pdf
1.
2. Importance of Transportation
• Role of Transportation
• Economic Activity and Transport
• Social Effect of Transportation
• Sectionalism
• Concentration of population in urban areas.
3. Different Modes of Transportation.
Roadways
Cont…
Modes of
Transportation
Roadways or
Highways
Railways Waterways Airways
4. •
•
• For proper development of country , efficient and well
planed network of roads are necessary.
• Road classified based on different areas of country .
• National Highway
• State Highway
• District Highway
• Village highway
• National Highway:
– Connect important cities of country –
Carry heavy and fast traffic.
5. Roadways
•
• State Highway:
– Connect national highway and district places.
– Carry Medium and fast traffic.
– Width from 7 M to 10 M
• District Roads:
– Connect district places and taluka places. – Carry Moderate traffic.– Width
from 5 M to 8 M
– Village Roads:
Connect Villages to taluka places.
Carry light traffic.
7. •
•
•
• Necessity:
– Quick and Easy Transportation.
– Surrounding area develop quickly.
• Merits:
– Construction Cost is less.
– Very convenient for passenger and good transport.
– Destination and starting points are not necessary to define. – Any type of
vehicle can used this mode of transport.
•
•
8. •
•
•
• Demerits:
– Early wear of road pavement.
– Speed limit and restriction.
– Suitable for short distance only.
–
9. Characteristics of Roads Transport.
•
• Road are used by many types of vehicles.
• Relatively small investment for government.
• Road transport offers complete freedom to road users.
• Short distance travel, road transport saves time.
• Road transport offers itself to whole community alike.
• Due to speed and flexibility of movement offered to road users,
road transport subjected to high degree of accidents but
derailment of railway locomotive and air crash are more
disastrous.
10. Classification of Roads.
• Classification is done on following bases.
– According to traffic. – According to transport tonnage – According to
importance.
– According to Location and functions.
– According to materials.
• According to traffic.
11. Sr. No. Types of Road Vehicle Per Day
1 Very Heavy traffic Road Above 600
2 Heavy traffic Road 251 to 600
• According to transport tonnage
Sr. No. Types of Roa Vehicle Per Day
1 Very Heavy traffic Road Above 1524
2 Heavy traffic Road 1017 to 1524
3 Medium traffic Road 508 to 1017
4 Light traffic Road Below 508
3 Medium traffic Road 70 250
to
4 Light traffic Road Below 70
12. • According to Location and Function
– National Highway (NH)
– State Highway (SH)
– Major District Roads (MDR)
– Other District Roads (ODR)
– Village Roads (VR)
• According to Material used – Earthen road
– Water bound macadam Road
– Bituminous Road
– Cement concrete road
• The classification based on location and function should therefore be
more acceptable classification for country.
•
13. •
•
•
• The Nagpur Road Plan classified road in India based on location and
function which are as follows
a) National Highway ( NH )
b) State Highway ( SH )
c) Major District Roads ( MDR )
d) Other District Roads ( ODR )
e) Village Roads ( VR )
14. e)
National Highway (NH)
•Highway running trough length an
breadth of India, connecting major
ports, foreign highway, capitals of
large state and large industrial and
tourist centers including road
required for strategic movement for
the defense of India.
16. Arterial roads of states, connecting national
highways of adjacent state, district head quarter
and important cities in state and severing as the
main arteries for traffic to and from district roads.
NH and SH having same design speed and
geometric design specification
17. Major District Roads (MDR)
•MDR are important road within
district .Serving areas of production
,markets and connecting them to
main highway of district.
•Lower design specification than
State Highway.
18. Other District Roads (ODR)
• These road are serving rural
areas of production and providing
them outlet to market and
connecting those to taluka head
quarters, other main roads.
• Lower design specification
than MDR.
19. Village Roads (VR)
• These roads are
connecting villages or
group of villages to
each other or nearest
road of higher
category.
20. Classification of urban road
• Arterial Road:
– High level traffic mobility
• Sub- Arterial Road:
– Low level traffic mobility compare to Arterial road.
• Collector Streets :
– Provide access to arterial road
– Collect and distribute traffic from local streets.
• Local Streets : Provide access to adjoining streets.
