1. Therapeutic
Nutrition II
Adverse Reactions to Food
Acute Care/Recovery
Canine Osteoarthritis
Image Source: www.vet.ed.ac.uk/vclins/research/images/dog.jpg

2. Adverse Reactions to Food

3. Adverse Reactions to FoodHow adverse reactions to food manifest:
A. Dermatitis
 Pyoderma
 Otitis
 Dermatitis
B. Gastroenteritis
1. Vomiting
2. Diarrhea
FOOD
ALLERGY
FOOD
INTOLERANCE

4. What are the Culprits?
Chicken,
Chicken egg
Soy, Lamb
25%
Other
7%
Beef, Dairy,
Wheat
68%
Beef, Dairy,
Fish 89%
Other
11%
DOGS
CATS

5. What are the Culprits?
Glycoproteins with
Molecular weight of
10,000 – 60,000 Daltons
Source: Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.

6. Protein Size Matters
Intact Protein
Denatured Protein
Hydrolyzed Protein

7. Protein Size Matters
Intact Proteins 10,000 – 60,000 can cause release of
histamine

8. Protein Size Matters
Histamine release causes allergic symptoms
ALLERGY
SIGNS!

9. Protein Size Matters
Hydrolyzed protein molecules are too small to trigger a
reaction

10. Adverse Reaction Goals
1. Identify the allergen
2. Avoid the allergen
FOOD ELIMINATION
TEST IS MOST
ACCURATE FOR
FOOD ALLERGY TESTING

11. Adverse Reaction KNFs
Provide a:
Novel protein source or
Hydrolyzed protein source
Highly digestible protein
Limited number of protein sources

12. What Novel Proteins Are Available?
Protein Source Available?
Lamb
Kangaroo
Chicken
Alligator
Duck
Whitefish
Opossum
Venison
Rabbit

13. What Novel Proteins Are Available?
Protein Source Available?
Lamb 
Kangaroo 
Chicken 
Alligator X
Duck 
Whitefish 
Opossum Aussie dog food
Venison 
Rabbit 

14. LA Limited Antigen®
HA Hypoallergenic® Gentle Snackers®
Skin and Coat Response™ FP Skin and
Coat Response Response™ LB
Skin and Coat Response Response™
KO
Prescription Diet® d/d
Prescription Diet® z/d Low Allergen
Prescription Diet® z/d ULTRA
Hypoallergenic HP 19™
Novel sources: potato, rabbit, venison,
whitefish, vegetarian

15. Recovery Care
Acute Care
Intermediate
Care
Critical Care
Source: Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.

16. Recovery Care
“They’ll eat when they feel
better.”
Or
“They’ll feel better when they
eat.”

17. ANSWER
 They will feel better when they eat
Fluid therapy does not replace eating
Cats that are licking the gravy off the canned food
are not eating enough to sustain themselves
Owners must understand how important eating is
for the recovery of their pet

18. Recovery Care
Anorexia – lack or loss of appetite
Hypermetabolism – increased need
for energy and nutrients caused by
disease or recovery process

19. Recovery Care
Enteral feeding – use of the alimentary
tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine)
Parenteral feeding – routes other than
alimentary tract; ex: I/V, I/P
TPN – all nutrients parenteral

20. Recovery Care
Indications for assisted feeding
Mechanical dysfunction
Anorexia
Increased energy requirement
Increased nutrient requirement
Assisted feeding should begin within 24 hours

21. Recovery Care
Benefits of assisted feeding
Prevent dehydration
Enhance wound healing
Decrease recovery time
Prevent muscle and weight loss
Counteract immunosuppressive effects

22. Recovery Care
Assess:
1. History
2. Weight/BCS
3. Calculate needs
4. Monitor intake
5. Monitor weight

23. What is the best food to
encourage a pet to eat?
Food from home ( have owners bring in food and
encourage pets to eat)
Table food, boiled chicken and hamburger
AD, highly palatable, can be fed through a syringe if
needed
Make sure animal is clean, comfortable

24. Baby Foods

25. Baby foods
Contain garlic, salt etc that may be toxic to pets

26. Recovery Care - Goals
•Formula conducive to enteral feeding
•Water
•Increased B vitamins, electrolytes
•High energy density
•Relatively high protein
•Omega 3 Fatty acids
•Arginine, glutamine,
carnitine
Provide Nutrients
Energy Dense Formula
Support Organ Function
Support Immune Function

27. KNF Comparison:
Recovery Care Products
Purina CV
Feline
Iam’s
Stress/Weight
Gain Max Cal
Prescription
Diet a/d
Energy
Density
223 kcals/can 333 kcals/can 180 kcals/can
Protein 42.53% Min. 14% 44.3%
Glutamine n/a n/a 7.23%

28. Recovery Products
CV CardioVascular®
Feline
Stress/Weight Gain Maximum Calorie™
Canine and Feline Canned Formula
Prescription Diet® a/d
Recovery RS™

29. Canine Osteoarthritis
Arthritis:: Inflammation of a joint
Osteoarthritis: disease of joint cartilage,
associated with secondary changes in the
underlying bone

30. “Lance” 6 yrs old,
Golden Retriever, M(i)
100# BCS 5/5 “Lucy” 1 yr old,
Great Dane, F(n)
103# BCS 3/5
What Arthritis Risk Factors Do These Dogs Have?
Thanks
Sara!

31. Arthritis Risk Factors
Breed
Size
Genetic predisposition
Trauma
Obesity
Johnston SA. Vet Clin N Amer 1997

32. Joint Structure & Function
From White GW. DVM Best Practices, Nov 2003

33. Joint Structure & Function
Core
Protein
Hyaluronan
Link
protein
Others Keratan Chondroitin
sulfates sulfates
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
Aggrecan

34. Joint Structure & Function
Aggrecanases
 Proteinases responsible for degradation ofProteinases responsible for degradation of
aggrecan, resulting in GAG releaseaggrecan, resulting in GAG release

35. Joint Structure & Function
Link
protein
Aggrecanases cause
GAGs to break off
Core
Protein
Others Keratan Chondroitin
sulfates sulfates
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

36. Managing Canine
Osteoarthritis
Structural &
Functional Failure
Physical Stress
• DOD
• Weight
• Trauma
Inflammation
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Degradation
Aggrecanases
Matrix
Damage
Chondrocyte
Damage

37. Managing Canine
Osteoarthritis
Structural &
Functional Failure
Physical Stress
• DOD
• Weight
• Trauma
Inflammation
Degradation
Matrix
Damage
Chondrocyte
Damage
Medications
Omega-3 FA
X
XOmega-3 FA
Chondroprotectives
X

38. Canine Osteoarthritis Goals
Manage predisposing factors
Reduce pain, inflammation
Improve joint function and mobility

39. Canine Osteoarthritis KNFHigh levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
Omega-3 fatty acid that is biologically active in dog
cartilage; selectively stored
Stops degradation, decreases inflammation
Added Glucosamine & Chondroitin Sulfate
High levels of Carnitine

40. Osteoarthritis Products
JM Joint Mobility™
Joint™/Canine Dry
Prescription Diet® j/d
Mobility Support JS 21™