Gene bank and biobank

1. GENE BANK AND BIOBANK
A CURRENT APPROACHES FOR GERMPLASM
CONSERVATION
PRESENTED BY
SUMAN TALUKDAR
M.SC. 3RD SEMESTER DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
GAUHATI UNIVERSITY

2. GERMPLASM
•Germplasm broadly refers to the hereditary material (total content of genes) transmitted to
the offspring through germ cells.
•Germplasm provides the raw material for the breeder to develop various crops.
•This includes: Seeds, Leaf, Stem, Pollen, Cultured cells.
•International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) in 1974 by CGIAR.
•In case of animals: Sperms, ova.

3. GERMPLASM CONSERVATION
GERMPLASM CONSERVATION
IN-SITU CONSERVATON EX SITU CONSERVATION

4. WHAT IS GENE BANK AND BIOBANK ?
•Gene Banks are a type of biorepository which preserve genetic material.
•For plants, this could be by in vitro storage, freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the
seeds (seedbank).
•For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need.
•Biobank is a type of biorepository that stores biological samples (usually human) for use in
research.
•Biobanks give researchers access to data representing a large number of people.
•Samples in biobanks and the data derived from those samples can often be used by multiple
researchers for cross purpose research studies.

5. TYPES OF GENE BANKS
Seed Bank
Tissue Bank
Cryo Bank
Pollen Bank
Field gene Bank
Sperm Bank
Ova Bank

6. SEED BANK
The seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them at a very low temperature.
Seedless plants such as tuber crops cannot be preserved this way.
The largest seed bank in the world is the Millennium seed bank housed at the Welcome Trust
Millennium Building (WTMB) in London.
(in photo- Millennium seed bank and seed vault)

7. TISSUE BANK
In this technique, buds, protocorm and meristematic cells are preserved tissue culture in a
nutrient medium.
This technique is used to preserve seedless plants and plants that reproduce sexually.
A seed or embryo is preserved at very low temperatures.
It is usually preserved in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C.
Helpful for the conservation of species facing extinction.
Cryobanks are utilized for the cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
CRYO BANK

8. SPERM BANK
•A sperm bank, semen bank is a facility or enterprise that collects and store sperm.
•The preserved sperm can later be used for artificial insemination or fertilization.
•It is also a part of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology).
•A ova bank or egg cell bank is a facility that collects and stores human ova.
•It is primarily for the purpose of achieving pregnancies of either the donor, at a later time (i.e. to
overcome issues of infertility), or through third party reproduction, notably by artificial
insemination, and embryo transfer.
OVA BANK

9. NEED FOR GERMPLASM CONSERVATION
•Loss of genetic diversity among crop plant species.
•Human dependence on plant species for food and many different uses. E.g. : Basic food crops,
building materials, oils, lubricants, rubber and other latexes, resins, waxes, perfumes, dyes fibres
and medicines.
•Species extinction and many others are threatened and endangered –deforestation.
•Great diversity of plants is needed to keep the various natural ecosystems functioning stably.
•Aesthetic value of natural ecosystems and the diversity of plant species.

10. GENE BANKS OF INDIA
FRI (Dehradun ) BSI (KolKata)
NBPGR (New Dehli)ZSI (KOLKATA)

11. BIOBANKS
EuroBioBank A biobank in Europe. It provides human DNA, cell, and tissue samples to the
scientific community for research on rare diseases.
PATH Biobank is a German biobank for breast cancer, established in 2002.
UK Biobank It is a large long-term biobank study in the United Kingdom (UK) It focuses on
investigating the respective contributions of genetic predisposition and environmental exposure
(including nutrition, lifestyle, medications etc.) to the development of disease (2006).
Canadian BioSample Repository is a biobank facility located on the University of Alberta
Campus in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

12. CONCLUSION
FOR SURVIVAL OF HUMAN RACE AND CONSERVATION & MAGNIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL
RESOURCES, CONSERVATION OF GERMPLASM AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SPOHISTICATED FACILITY
IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE TODAY !
NILGIRI TAHR BLACK BUCK Amentotaxus assamica Acacia planifrons

13. REFERENCE
WEBSITES- www.biologydiscussions.com
www.biotecharticles.com
www.ukbiobank.ac.uk
RESEARCH PAPER
Ishaq et al. 2008 Germplasm Conservation and its Impact on Crop Improvement in Nigeria, Crop
Research vol-36
Imarhiagbe et al. 2016 In vitro Germplasm collection and Storage: A Review, International Journal of
Biology Research vol1 issue 1 09-19

14. THANK YOU
The LAST Northern white rhinoceros DEATH-19TH MARCH 2018