This document discusses interpersonal relationships and the Johari window model. It defines interpersonal relationships as social and emotional interactions between individuals. The Johari window model devised by Luft and Ingham in 1955 is used to improve self-awareness and mutual understanding within groups. The model represents four quadrants of self-knowledge: open self, blind self, hidden self, and unknown self. It can be used to assess and improve relationships both within and between groups.

1. LECTURER: SUDESHNA BANERJEE
DUTTA
SHRI R.S.V.M B.SC NURSING COLLEGE

2. Interpersonal relationships refer to social &
emotional interactions between two or
more individuals in an environment.
 Interpersonal relationship is defined as a
close association between individuals who
share common interests & goals.

4.  A dyad consists of two interacting people.
 It is the simplest interpersonal dynamics.
 One person relays a message & the other listen.
 It is one of the most unstable. The interaction
ends when one constituent of the dyad refuses to
listen or share his or her message.

5.  A triad consists of three interaction people.
 The members engage in & reception of thoughts
& ideas.
 It is more stable than the dyad as the third
members may act as a mediator when there is
conflict between the other two.

6. A group consists of more than three
members & is a collection of triads &
dyads.
It is the most stable from of
interpersonal relationship.

8. Personal growth & development:
A good IPR actively and continuously
facilitates personal growth & development
of people y sharing experiences in life.

9. Source of enjoyment:
It helps people to relax, share
thoughts and even maximizes the
fun.
Sense of security :
IPR helps in boosting an individual’s
self-esteem & sense of security
during relationship with others.

10. Interpersonal needs :
An IPR helps individuals in expressing
and meeting the interpersonal needs.

11.  Building a positive functional multidisciplinary team.
 Improving intra(within group) & inter(different
groups) team communication, coordination &
cooperation
 Building mutual understanding & cooperation
 Understanding self
 Improved decision making & problem solving

12. Developing a sense of security &
comfort :
Good IPR help patients and their
families to develop a sense of non-
threatening feelings in hospitals and
also develops a sense of security &
comfort.

13. Fostering trust & cooperation :
Trust is a key factor in personal, social &
professional relationship.
Trust plays an important role in seeking
co-operation of patients and their families.

14. Facilitating communication :
Good IPR helps patient to express their
feelings, any distress, disappointment.
Improving socialization :
IPR act as a tool to improve the social
relation between patients admitted in
hospitals.

15. Some common types of interpersonal
relation are:
Friendship
Family & kinship
Professional relationship
Marriage
Acquaintances

16. Friendship is a relationship with no
formalities & the individuals enjoy each
other’s presence.

17. Individuals related by blood or marriage
are said to form a family.
Family communication patterns establish
roles & identify & enable personal & social
growth of individuals.

18.  Individual working for the same organization are
said to share a professional relationship & are
called colleagues.
 Colleagues may or may not like each other

19.  Marriage is a formalize intimate relationship or a
long-term relationship where two individuals
decide to enter into wedlock & stay together life-
long after knowing each other well.

20. An acquaintance is a relationship where
someone is simply known to someone by
introduction or by a few interaction.
There is an absence of close relationship
& the individuals lack in-depth personal
information about other.
This could also be a beginning of a future
close relationship.

22. Start with an initial introduction with nurse
& patient
The nurse clarifies his or her roles &
responsibilities to the patient.
The Nurse identifies the patient’s problem
& settles on the type of nursing care
needed.

23. After developing a trustworthy
relationship, the patients start
clarifying doubts, share perceptions &
convey their needs & expectation to
the nurse.

24. The nurse must avoid vagueness &
ambiguity by using specific medical
terminology.
The nurse helps the patients to identify
their problems & use the available
resources to solve the problem.
The patient’s self esteem will be boosted
by having feelings of belongingness.

25. The nurse can help the patient by
extending minimal professional assistance
to learn how to solve the problem.
The patient starts exploitation all the
available resources in spite of making
requests to others to extend help.
Finally the patient is able to deal
adequately with his or her problems

26. This is the termination of the professional
relationship
The patient’s needs have already been
met by the collaborative efforts of the
patient & the nurse in previous phases.
The relationship must be terminated by
maintaining a healthier emotional balance
by both the parties.

28. PERSONAL BARRIERS:

29. Gender: In IPR, gender must be given
due consideration.
Lack of honesty & trust: Honesty & trust must
be maintained while establishing & building
IPRs.
Lack of respect: A mutual senses of
respect must be ensured by the people involved
in personal & professional relationships

30. Lack of flexibility: There must be flexibility
of the individuals in a relationship for an
effective adaptation & success of the IPR.
Distorted self concept: Individuals involved
in IPRs must have a sound self concept &
positive self-esteem.
Ineffective communication: Effective
communication is a key aspect of efficient
IPRs, therefore, effective communication
must be ensure.

31. Feeling of insecurity: A sense of security
must be ensured between the people
involved in an IPRs.
 Lack of compatibility: Compatibility
between the individual involved in IPR
must be ensured.
Fear of rejection: Fear of rejection must be
eliminated between the individual involved
in a relationship

32. Pre-existing psychiatric problem: Skilled
therapeutic communication is required to
interact with individuals suffers from
psychiatric or personality problems.

34. Cultural diversity: Culture plays an
important role in the development of IPRs
as cultural norms, ideas and customs
which provide the basis for our way of
thinking.
Ethnic diversity: People with ethnic
diversity have different values, attitude and
beliefs that can influence the development
of an IPR.

35. Social diversity: People from a high-status
often convey their power with gestures.
Language diversity: Different languages
are used in different regions of the world.
Language plays an important role in IPRs.
e.g. Individuals with different language
ability may fail to establish a strong IPR.

36. Complex interaction setting: The
individuals must try to make the interaction
setting simple & familiar & must make the
other person feel important.
Adverse environmental situations: Bad
environmental situations always play a
crucial role in blocking IPRs.
e.g. Network issue during phone call or
video call.

37. Lack of territoriality: Territory means ‘own
area’. All individuals claim to certain areas
as their own & feel safer in their own area.
Lack of territoriality leads to distortion of
IPRs.
High density of individuals: Density refers
to the number of people within a given
environmental space. Prolonged exposure
to such situations lead to certain behaviors
such as, aggression, stress. These
behaviors can stop a person from building
effective IPRs.

38. Lack of time: Time plays an important role
in relationships. Every relation needs time
and individual’s effort to grow.
Frustrations arise when people don’t have
time to meet or interact with each other.

39. Methods to overcome Personal barriers:-
Honesty & trust must be maintained
Individuals involved in IPR must try to adapt
according to other’s background & try to be flexible.
Effective communication & clarity of thoughts is
essential in IPRs.

40. Individuals involved in an IPR must have a sound
self-concept & positive self esteem.
A mutual sense of respect must be ensured by the
people involved in a personal and professional
relationship.
Skilled therapeutic communication is required to
interact with individuals suffering from psychiatric
problems.

41. Methods to overcome Situational barriers:-
The interaction setting should be simple and
familiar to the individuals.
Even in organizations, individuals must spend
quality time with their co-workers to strengthen
the bond.

42. Methods to overcome barriers:-
Individuals should try to adapt the social
variations.
Enhance communication skills such as
maintaining eye contact, listening with patience
etc.

44.  The Johari window model was devised by
American psychologist, Joseph Luft & Harry
Ingham, in 1955.
 The model is a simple & useful tool for improving
self-awareness & mutual understanding
between individuals within a group.
 The terminology refers to “self & others”.
 Self refers to the person & others refers to other
people in the person’s group or team.

46.  Represents the part of the self that is
public; that is, characteristics of the self
about which both the individual & others are
aware.

47.  Represents the part of the self that is known to
others but remains hidden from the awareness
of the individual.

48.  Represents the part of the self that is known to
the individual, but which the individual
purposefully hide from others because of some
personal reasons.

49.  Represent the part of the self that is unknown
to both; the individual & to others.

50.  It puts importance on behavior, empathy, co-
operation, inter-group development & interpersonal
development.
 It can also be used to improve an individual’s
relationship with others or a group’s relationship
with other groups

51. CONT…
 The model is a simple & useful tool for improving
self-awareness & mutual understanding
between individuals in a group.
 The model can also be used to assess &
improve a group’s relationship with other groups.