Interpersonal relationships

1. Assistant Professor,
BON SECOURS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN,
THANJAVUR
SOFT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
UNIT – II

2. Interpersonal Skills
Energise EnableInvolve
Man is a social animal & his
success in life largely depends
on his relationship & interaction
with others
 We must respect the views &
sentiments of others.
 When we want to differ their
views, we must very politely
give hints to them without
wondering their feelings

3. One of the most distinctive aspects of human
beings is that we are social beings.
Interpersonal relationships are & have been
the core of our social system since the dawn of
civilization.
Nursing is a therapeutic process & demands
an association between the nurse & the
patient.
3

4. ■  Interpersonal relationships refer to
reciprocal social & emotional
interactions between two or more
individuals in an environment.
■Interpersonal relationship is defined as
a close association between individuals
who share common interests & goals
4

5. Dyad
TriadGroup
5

6. I. Dyad
 A dyad consists of two interacting people.
 It is the simplest of the three interpersonal
dynamics.
 One person relays a message & the other
listen.
 It is one of the most unstable interpersonal
dynamic. The interaction ends when one
constituent of the dyad refuses to listen or
share his or her message.
 It is also one of the most intimate interpersonal
dynamic as the focus of listening &
communication is centered on only one person. 6

7. II. Triad
 A triad consists of three interaction
people.
 The members engage in the relay &
reception of thoughts & ideas.
 It is more stable than the dyad as the
third members may act as a mediator
when there is conflict between the other
two.
7

8. III. Group
A group consists of more than three
members & is a collection of traids &
dyads.
It is the most stable from of
interpersonal relationship.
8

9. I. Interpersonal relationship for an
Individual
9
 Personal growth & development
 Source of enjoyment
 Sense of security
 Context of understanding
 Interpersonal needs
 Establishing personal identity

10. II. Interpersonal relationship fornurses
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 Building a positive functional
multidisciplinary team
Improving intra-and/or inter-team
communication, coordination & cooperation
Building mutual understanding &
cooperation
Understanding self
Improved decision making & problem
solving

11. III. Interpersonal relationship for patients
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 Developing a sense of security & comfort
 Fostering trust & cooperation
 Facilitating communication
 Improving socialization
 Developing & maintaining positive feelings

12. Interpersonal relationships are classified based on
relational contexts of interaction & the types of
mutual expectations between communicators.
Some common types of interpersonal relation are
12
 Friendship
 Family & kinship
 Professional
relationship
 Love
 Marriage
 Platonic
Relationship
 Casual relationships
 Brotherhood &
sisterhood
 Acquaintances

13.  Friendship
Theories of friendship emphasize the concept as a
freely chosen association where individuals develop a
common ground of thinking & behaving when they
enter into the relationship by including mutual love,
trust, respect & unconditional acceptance for each
other.
Friendship is a relationship with no formalities & the
individuals enjoy each other’s presence.
13

14.  Family and kinship
Family communication patterns establish roles &
identify & enable personal & social growth of
individuals.
Family relationships can get distorted if there is an
unresolved conflict between members.
Most of the time, a significant family member senses
other family members have significant emotional
difficulties but fails to bring them out unless the
physician or nurse enquires . 14

15. Professional Relationship
Individual working for the same organization
are said to share a professional relationship &
are called colleagues.
Colleagues may or may not like each other
15

16. Love
A informalized intimate relationship
characterized by passion, intimacy, trust
& respect is called love.
Individuals in a romantic relationship are
deeply attached to each other & share a
special bond
16

17.  Marriage
Marriage is a formalize intimate
relationship or a long-term relationship
where two individuals decide to enter into
wedlock & stay together life-long after
knowing each other well.
17

18. Platonic Relationship
 A relationship between two individuals
without feelings of sexual desire for each
other is called a platonic relationship.
 In such a relationship, a man & a woman
are just friends & do not mix love with
friendship.
 Platonic relationships might end in a
romantic relationship with partners
developing feelings of love for each
other. 18

19.  Casual Relationships
In these relationships, the individuals usually
develop a relationship that exclusively lacks
mutual love & consists of sexual behavior only
that does not extend beyond one night.
These individuals may be known as sexual
partners in a wider sense of friends with
benefits who consider sexual intercourse only
in their relationship.
19

20. Brotherhood & Sisterhood
Individuals united for a common cause or
a common interest (may involve formal
membership in clubs, organization,
associations, societies, etc.) may be
termed as a brotherhood or a sisterhood.
In this relationship, individuals are
committed to doing good deeds for
fellow members & people.
20

21. Acquaintances
An acquaintance is a relationship where
someone is simply known to someone by
introduction or by a few interaction.
There is an absence of close relationship
& the individuals lack in-depth personal
information about other.
This could also be a beginning of a
future close relationship.
21

22. TEAM BUILDING

23. Team Work
Coming together is a beginning, keeping
together is progress and workingtogether
is success

24. TEAM
T TOGETHER
E EVERYONE
A ACHIEVE
M MORE
A team is a number
of persons
associated together
in work or activity.

25. What is ateam?
■ A team is a small number of people,
with complementary skills, who are
committed to a common purpose ,
performance goals, and approach for
which they are mutually accountable."
■ People working together in a
committed way to achieve a common
goal or mission.
■ The work (may be) interdependent
and team members share
responsibility and hold themselves
accountable for attaining the results."

26. 5
What exactly is aneffective team ?
•An effective team has certain
characteristics that allow the team
members to function more efficiently and
productively.
•They develop ways to share leadership
roles and ways to share accountability for
their work products, shifting the emphasis
from the individual to several individuals
within the team.

27. Characteristicsofan Effective Team
•Effective teams operate in an environment in which
there is two way trust in an environment of open and
honest communication
•Feedback on "performance" should be two-way and
constant.
•It should provide information to all members of the team
on how their work supports the specific and overall effort
of the team and the practice.
•Listening is a feature of that communication

28. Team Work
A powerful fuel that
allows common people to
attain uncommon results.
Members create an
environment that allows
everyone to go beyond
their limitation.

29. Why We Need Team Work
The prime need of all people
working together for the
same organization is to make
the organization profitable.

30. GROUP DYNAMICS

31. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this session the participants shall
be able
 To define group, team and dynamics
 To understand the concept of group
dynamics and team work
 To differentiate team vs group
 To recognize the stages of development of a team
 To know types of teams
 To justify reasons for joining teams

32. DEFINITION
 A group is a collection of people with some common
characteristics or purpose
 Group Dynamics: A group of two or more people interacting with
each other in a manner that each person influences and is influenced
by each other person
 The group dynamics refers to change which takes place within
groups and is concerned with the interaction and forces obtained
between group members in social settings
 Team: Two or more people working together to achieve a shared goal
 Team Building: The process of getting people to work together
effectively to achieve a shared goal

33. Group Vs Team
 A Group: is a collection of individuals who
have regular contact, frequent interaction,
mutual influence, common feeling of trust,
and who work together to achieve a common
set of goals.
 A Team: is a group organized to work
together. i.e. a team of footballers

34. Types of groups/Teams
Group
Formal Informal
Task
Command Interest
Friendship

35. Types of Teams
 Formal teams:
 Are the teams set up and organized by
organizations or managers.
 Have a specific tasks laid down by the
organization.
 Individuals in formal teams usually have
official roles, e.g. A surgical team;-theater
nurse, surgeon, anesthetist, cleaners etc.
 Arecreated to deal with a specific problem and
areusually disbanded when the problem is
solved.

36. Types of teams -cont’d
 Informal Teams
 Form by themselves within the organization
 Likely to be groups of people with similar
interests i.e. a study group (Informal) made up
of students from other classes.
 Have no rank structure and all members are
equal in every task given to them. (No
leader)

37. Why do people Join group?
 Security: Group reduces insecurity and
standing alone syndrome.
 Status: Recognition and status same as
that of group
 Develop Self-esteem/Self importance
 Power: There is power in number
 Goal achievement Pool of talent, skills
and knowledge

38. STAGES OF GROUP/TEAM FORMATION
Members
get to know
each other &
set ground
rules
Members
come to
Resist
Controlby
group
Leaders &
Show
hostility
Members
Work
Together
developing
Close
Relationships
& feelings of
Cohesiveness
Group
members
work
towards
Getting
their jobs
done
Group
may
disband
either
after
meeting
their goals
or because
members
Leave
Stage I
Forming
Stage II
Storming
Stage III
Norming
Stage IV
Performing
Stage V
Adjourning

39. Stages of group formation

40. How do we assess teamwork?
 Trust among members
 Feedback mechanisms
 Open communications
 Approach to decisions
 Leadership sharing
 Acceptance of goals and
tasks
 Valuing diversity
 Member cohesiveness
 Support for each other
 Performance norms

41. NETWORKING

42. What Is Networking?
Networks—groups of people
who talk and share ideas,
information, and resources.
Networking—discovering
connections between people.

43. Why Network?
• Faster Answers to Questions
• Safety Net in a rapidly changing business
world
• Less need to be an expert
• Resource for Business Deals, Alliances,
Jobs

44. First Things First: Pre-Approach
• Industry
• Group or organization
• Individuals belonging to the
group or organization

45. Business Organizations and Networking Groups
• Casual Contact Networks
• Strong Contact Networks
• Professional Associations/
Knowledge Networks
• Community Service Clubs
• Social/Business Organizations

46. Build on Contacts
• Set goals to add to your contacts
• Follow up immediately
• Get to know your contact
• Stay in contact
– Compliment
– Ask a question
– Referral
– Educate
– Surprise

47. Build on Contacts
• Invest time and effort to help others
• Nurture your own network
• Get outside the traditional work environment
• Bring your network
together
–Facilitate the meeting
of contacts
–Invite new people to
join

48. Approachability Guidelines
1. Don’t intend to sell anything.
2. Set a goal or outcome for the event.
3. Do your homework.
4. Dress appropriately.
5. Wear a name tag on your right side.

49. Approachability Guidelines
6. Have a good handshake, smile and eye
contact.
7. Use “Pause–Part–Punch” with your
name.
8. Introduce yourself with information about
the occasion or the other person.
9. Have an exit strategy.
10. Follow up.

50. Networking Plan
1. My Goal – Purpose
2.What relationships do I
have/need?
3. How do I best access them?
4. What value can I bring? Bring it.
5.Establish how much time per
week to devote and schedule it in.
6.Be patient, but monitor results
over a sufficient period of time.

51. The Elevator Speech
• General target you serve
• Needs typically addressed
• Reference your organization
• Your value proposition – or
Branding Statement

52. WORK RELATIONSHIP
Boss
Co-worker
Mentor
Customer
Neighbor
Friend
Server
Store Clerk
Doctor
Nurse
Police
Firefighter
Mom and Dad
Brother
Sister
Pet
What relationships do you have in your life?
Work Community Other Home

53. Relationships at Work
Who is your boss?
Who are your co- workers?
Who helps you at work?
Who else do you have a
relationship with at work?

54. Positive Relationships
How do positive relationships make you feel?
How do positive relationships make others feel?

55. Why do you want positive
relationships with others at work?
Human beings need positive social interactions with others. When you get along
with your boss and co-workers, it makes your job more fun. Enjoying your job helps
you do the very best job you can and helps to make your boss and co-workers happy.
When your boss is happy with you, it helps you to keep your job.

56. How do you create positive
relationships with others at work?

57. Be respectful
How do you show respect to others at work?
How do they show respect to you?
I treat others as I want them to treat me.

58. Cooperate with others
How does this image show cooperation?
Can one person cross the water without help from the others?
How do you cooperate with others at work?

59. Be neat and clean
How do you feel when you are
working near someone who is
not clean and smells badly?
How do you keep your body
clean for work?
How do you keep your clothes
clean for work?
On a scale of 1 to 10 how do
you rate your cleanliness and
appearance?
If you need to improve your
cleanliness and appearance,
how will you?

60. Honor personal space
What difference do you see between these two personal interactions?
How close is too close for you? And for others?
You can get into a lot of trouble if you hug, kiss or touch a co-worker.
It’s up to you to understand that a co-worker might get upset with your
actions even if you think you are not doing anything wrong. If a co-worker
becomes upset with you for trying to hug, kiss, touch or invade his or her
personal space, it can be called HARRASSMENT.

61. Harassment is against the law
What words or actions can you think of that might be harassment?
What should you do to make sure you are not harassing a co-worker?
What should you do if you feel that someone is harassing you at work?
Harassment is not only about touching
or invading someone’s personal space
at work. It is also about what is said or
other unwelcome actions. Offensive
conduct may include, but is not limited
to offensive jokes, slurs, epithets or
name calling, intimidation, ridicule or
mockery, insults or put-downs,
offensive objects or pictures, and
interference with work performance.

62. Doing a good job is
always #1
How do you make sure you are doing the very best job you can?
How does it make you feel when you are doing your very best?

63. THANK YOU