1. NUCLEAR ENERGY
What is it?
David J. Diamond
Energy Sciences & Technology Department
February 2009
2. THE SOURCE: FISSION
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into two or more separate
nuclei of comparable mass
One neutron interacts with one “fissionable” nucleus
(Uranium for example)
Results are:
• Fission Products – Two heavy nuclides
- One heavier than the other (Average ratio of ~ 2 : 3 )
• Neutrons – 2.43 on average emitted / fission
- Important that more neutrons are produced than are used to
cause one fission
• Gamma rays, beta particles
• Energy !!
E = mc2
6. PERCENT OF ELECTRICITY FROM
NUCLEAR ENERGY
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7. TOP 10 NUCLEAR
GENERATING COUNTRIES
2007, Billion kWh
Enter text
806.5
418.6
266.4
147.8 136.6 133.2
96.5 87.2
64.4 62.6
U.S. France Japan Russia Korea
Rep.
Germany Canada Ukraine Sweden China
Source: International Atomic Energy Agency, U.S. is from Energy Information Administration
Updated: 5/08
8. NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
Currently produces 20% of U.S. electricity
104 operating units in the U.S.
19 UTILITIES ARE PROPOSING TO LICENSE 34
NEW UNITS IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS
• 17 applications for 24 units already before the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission
• Some purchasing of components has begun but no
firm orders expected until licensing more advanced
An energy source the public should understand
18. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
ARE THE PRODUCT OF:
• Nuclear Engineers
• Mechanical Engineers
• Electrical Engineers
• Civil Engineers
• Human Factors Experts
• Computer Engineers/Scientists
• Etc.
19. WASTE DISPOSAL
A concern to many people
Used (spent) nuclear fuel consists of
ceramic pellets encased in metal tubes
Current solution: On-site storage at NPPs
21. WASTE STORAGE
Long term solution financed by nuclear utilities
in cooperation with U.S. government
Yucca Mountain: one site for high-level
radioactive waste makes it easy to monitor,
regulate, and secure
DOE: Required to design, construct, operate
EPA: Required to set standards to protect
public and environment
NRC: Required to approve/license DOE
proposal
25. TRANSPORTATION
Over the last 40 years, 3,000 shipments of spent
nuclear fuel on 1.7 million miles of U.S. roads
Each shipment carefully packaged and
monitored
• Casks are ~15 times thicker than a gasoline tank truck
shell and include 3 inches of stainless steel with thick
lead radiation shields
• Typically for every ton of spent fuel there are 3 tons of
protective packaging
26. THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER
IN THE U.S.
51 NPPs have obtained extensions of their 40-year license
to enable operation to 60 years--41 more are pending
Many plants have increased their power: 5900 MW of new
nuclear electricity has been added (equivalent to adding 6
new units)
19 UTILITIES ARE PROPOSING TO LICENSE 34 NEW
UNITS IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS
• 17 applications for 24 units already before the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission
• Some purchasing of components has begun but no
firm orders expected until licensing more advanced
27. WHY NUCLEAR ENERGY SHOULD
BE AN OPTION -- MARCH 15TH
Energy Security is National Security
• Uranium is a domestic source of energy
Competitive Costs
No Climate-change Releases
Proven Record
Concentrated Form of Energy