In the wake of the 2020 coronavirus outbreak, there is little
reliable information on what exactly the new coronavirus is and
how it wreaks havoc on human health.
To fill this void in our understanding, this book provides a
succinct yet an entertaining account of the new coronavirus in
an everyday language for the lay person.
In particular, a brief history of coronaviruses is presented and the
fact that they are the second leading cause of common cold is
discussed in the context of other viruses.
Yet, the new coronavirus is a respiratory pathogen that causes a
far more fatal disease that has come to be known as the “severe
acute respiratory syndrome” or SARS for short.
What exactly is SARS and why the world failed to avert the third
such deadly outbreak since 2002 is critically examined.
The book also provides thorough insights into the history of
antiviral vaccines and what lessons can they offer us with regard
to the likelihood of the development of an all-weather anticoronavirus vaccine.
In the interim that the development of an anti-coronavirus
vaccine remains in progress, the efficacy and relevance ofAMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 6 of 62
alternative therapies available to treat coronavirus infections is
described in critical terms.
In order to drill the final nail in the coffin of the coronavirus, it will
be incumbent upon a majority of people to ultimately develop
herd immunity. What exactly is herd immunity and how it bears
the potential to provide long-term protection against the
coronavirus infection is explained in lay terms.
This book separates the fact from fad and argues that the new
coronavirus is likely to become endemic to humans in a manner
akin to the influenza virus.
In closing, this book presents a critical yet an entertaining
account of the 2020 coronavirus outbreak in short and precise
terms. It will serve as an eye-opener for the inquisitive mind.
4. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 3 of 62
CONTENTS
Highlights ……………………………………………………………………... 4
Preface ………………………………………………………………….……….. 5
|1| History of coronaviruses ……………….……………………….……. 7
|2| Coronavirus outbreaks …………………….……………………..…… 11
|3| Coronaviruses in common cold ………………….……………… 17
|4| Potential for developing coronavaccine ……….........…… 24
|5| Lessons learned from other viruses ……………………………. 30
|6| Alternative therapies for coronavirus ……….……….......…. 40
|7| Potential for developing herd immunity …………..………. 52
About the author ………………………….……………………………… 59
5. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 4 of 62
Highlights
Whoever said that the world is run by fools and horses must
have had the World Health Organization in mind!
The development of an effective antiviral vaccine is more of
an exception rather than a rule!
We will likely end up playing a game of whack-a-mole or ping-
pong with the new coronavirus!
One could say that the viruses are getting smarter and
increasingly more difficult to tame!
Such viruses are to vaccinologists what sunlight-and-garlic are
to vampires!
The cunning fox would argue that the low-hanging fruits
have already been picked and what remains are sour grapes!
Irrational exuberance does not only infect the stock market
but it can also surface wherever there exists an opportunity to
make a killing!
6. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 5 of 62
Preface
In the wake of the 2020 coronavirus outbreak, there is little
reliable information on what exactly the new coronavirus is and
how it wreaks havoc on human health.
To fill this void in our understanding, this book provides a
succinct yet an entertaining account of the new coronavirus in
an everyday language for the lay person.
In particular, a brief history of coronaviruses is presented and the
fact that they are the second leading cause of common cold is
discussed in the context of other viruses.
Yet, the new coronavirus is a respiratory pathogen that causes a
far more fatal disease that has come to be known as the “severe
acute respiratory syndrome” or SARS for short.
What exactly is SARS and why the world failed to avert the third
such deadly outbreak since 2002 is critically examined.
The book also provides thorough insights into the history of
antiviral vaccines and what lessons can they offer us with regard
to the likelihood of the development of an all-weather anti-
coronavirus vaccine.
In the interim that the development of an anti-coronavirus
vaccine remains in progress, the efficacy and relevance of
7. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 6 of 62
alternative therapies available to treat coronavirus infections is
described in critical terms.
In order to drill the final nail in the coffin of the coronavirus, it will
be incumbent upon a majority of people to ultimately develop
herd immunity. What exactly is herd immunity and how it bears
the potential to provide long-term protection against the
coronavirus infection is explained in lay terms.
This book separates the fact from fad and argues that the new
coronavirus is likely to become endemic to humans in a manner
akin to the influenza virus.
In closing, this book presents a critical yet an entertaining
account of the 2020 coronavirus outbreak in short and precise
terms. It will serve as an eye-opener for the inquisitive mind.
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8. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 7 of 62
|1| History of coronaviruses
First isolated in 1937, coronaviruses are ubiquitous—they are
pretty much everywhere.
Like all viruses, coronaviruses are semibiotic—or half-living—
organisms in that they are practically “dead” on their own.
They require no oxygen, food, or energy, nor are they capable of
movement or reproduction when alone. They only become
“active”—ie capable of reproduction—when inside living cells of
other organisms such as bacteria or humans.
In terms of its physical size, the coronavirus measures
approximately 100nm in diameter—ie it is essentially a
100nm
Coronavirus
S-glycoproteins
9. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 8 of 62
nanoparticle that is about one-thousandth the thickness of a
human hair (100µm).
In terms of its appearance, the coronavirus harbors a crown-like
spherical structure—corona is Spanish for crown—adorned with
numerous spikes that project (or protrude) into the outer surface.
Such spikes on the outer surface of the coronavirus are
technically referred to as “S-glycoproteins”. They enable the
coronavirus to attach to specific cells on host tissues.
It is important to note that the name "coronavirus" does not refer
to any specific species but rather to the taxonomic family within
the scientific classification of organisms.
For example, human belongs to the taxonomic family of
hominids (or great apes) that also includes species such as
orangutan (human's closest living relative), gorilla, and
chimpanzee.
Within the taxonomic family of coronaviruses lie thousands of
distinct coronavirus species in a manner akin to humans and
gorillas being distinct species within the same taxonomic family
of hominids—ie the chasm between the biological form of two
different coronaviruses can be as large as that between human
and gorilla. Among such thousands of species of coronaviruses
in existence today, only seven are hitherto known to cause
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disease in humans. Of these seven coronaviruses that frequent
humans, four are responsible for the common cold.
These include 229E-COV, OC43-COV, NL63-COV, and HUK1-
COV—the suffix COV is a shorthand for coronavirus.
What about the other three coronaviruses out of the seven that
seem to have developed a special bond with humans, albeit
unrequited?
What do they do?
Lo-and-behold, these other three coronaviruses send shivers
down our spines as they are by now well-known to us.
They cause a dire malady that has come to be known as the
“severe acute respiratory syndrome”—or SARS for short—ie they
have the potential to infect the respiratory tract and inflict
significant damage to the lung tissue such that it can lead to the
development of life-threatening pneumonia.
However, these SARS coronaviruses greatly differ with respect to
their infectivity. The new coronavirus belongs to this SARS trio
and it appears to be the most contagious among the three
pathogens.
How are SARS coronaviruses passed onto humans? The trio of
SARS coronaviruses are zoonotic pathogens—ie they are largely
11. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 10 of 62
clustered in animals and have the ability to make a jump to
humans.
Indeed, a large body of data suggests that each of the three SARS
coronaviruses jumped from bats to humans, albeit in some cases,
through intermediate species such as the pangolins and civets.
Given that these intermediary mammals are widely bred for
human consumption in some parts of the world, the transmission
of coronaviruses to humans is hardly surprising.
And should this trend carry on into the future, many more
coronaviruses are likely to join the trio of SARS coronaviruses in
continuing to wreak havoc on human health in the years and
decades to come.
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12. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 11 of 62
|2| Coronavirus outbreaks
Year-of-
outbreak
WHO
Nomenclature
FAROOQ
Nomenclature
Outbreak Coronavirus Outbreak Coronavirus
2002 SARS SARS-COV SARS1 SARS1-COV
2012 MERS MERS-COV SARS2 SARS2-COV
2019 COVID19 SARS-COV2 SARS3 SARS3-COV
Whoever said that the world is run by fools and horses must have
had the World Health Organization (WHO) in mind!
Why?
Being the authority in dealing with matters of global public
health, the WHO is charged with naming the outbreaks of
infectious diseases around the world among an array of other
duties.
And, unsurprisingly, it did not only disappoint but also defied
logic and common sense by naming the ongoing coronavirus
outbreak as "COVID19"—a shorthand for Coronavirus Disease
2019. As noted in the previous chapter, only three out of seven
coronaviruses found in human cause SARS—or severe acute
respiratory syndrome. These three have been with us since the
13. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 12 of 62
first coronavirus outbreak of 2002. That was followed by the
second coronavirus outbreak in 2012. And the 2019 coronavirus
outbreak is the third of its kind.
Simply put, all three outbreaks are essentially caused by three
different respiratory (or SARS) coronaviruses.
As tabulated above, these three coronaviruses then ought to
have been systematically named as such in a clear and logical
manner as proposed by Professor FAROOQ.
But, the WHO seems to have totally gone bananas and even
failed to accomplish the simplest of all tasks it is charged with.
To its credit, the first ever coronavirus outbreak occurred in 2002
and was fittingly named "SARS".
When the next coronavirus outbreak occurred in 2012, itshould
have been named "SARS2"—and the 2002 SARS should have
been retrospectively called "SARS1". Now, with the latest
coronavirus outbreak, one did not need to be a rocket scientist
to name it "SARS3".
Likewise, the coronaviruses causing these outbreaks ought to
have been systematically named by simply tagging the
shorthand COV for coronavirus to the tail of the disease that they
cause. Thus, we have SARS1-COV, SARS2-COV, and SARS3-COV.
14. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 13 of 62
It is noteworthy that the three SARS coronaviruses are distinct
species in their own right although they all belong to the beta-
subfamily of coronaviruses.
To add salt to wounds, the WHO has recommended that the
coronavirus responsible for COVID19 ought to be referred to as
“SARS-COV2”! Unbelievable!
By its very own admission, the WHO agrees that the pathogen
responsible for COVID19 is related to SARS1-COV that first
arrived on our shores back in 2002. If so, then why not stick with
the same systematic approach and name the new coronavirus
outbreak as an extension of the earlier SARS?
Why did the WHO name the ongoing outbreak as COVID19
when it should have been called SARS3? Why coin a new term
that not only fails to capture the enormity of the new coronavirus
outbreak but also misleads others?
Even worse, why was the 2012 coronavirus outbreak named
"MERS"—shorthand for Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome?
In particular, the MERS nomenclature diametrically cuts through
the guidelines of the WHO itself.
Why name a disease after a region or a group of people? Does
this not constitute utter bigotry and racist behavior?
15. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 14 of 62
To be clear, there is nothing Middle-Eastern about MERS. It is just
as capable, if not more, of causing life-threatening severe
infections of the respiratory tract as the other two coronaviruses
irrespective of one's ethnic group or geographic region.
But, there is more to this story than meets the eye.
By naming the ongoing crisis as COVID19, the WHO is trying to
portray it as the first of its kind.
Yet, COVID19 is the third major coronavirus outbreak over the
past two decades since the turn-of-the-century.
The other two being the 2002 SARS, and the 2012 MERS. To say
that the WHO is trying to play down and cover up the
significance of the ongoing outbreak from the public psyche and
awareness would be a huge understatement. Indeed, the WHO
has been embroiled in controversies ever since its foundation in
1948. Adding another one to its name should then hardly come
as a surprise.
By avoiding to systematically name the ongoing coronavirus
outbreak as SARS3, the WHO is trying to minimize the backlash
and keep the public in the dark.
How, for example, the WHO and its backers would defend
themselves in the event that the public became outraged upon
16. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 15 of 62
learning that SARS3 could have altogether been averted had
lessons from SARS1 and SARS2 been learned?
Indeed, a vast majority of people perceive the new coronavirus
outbreak as something out of nowhere when that is hardly the
case. That they cannot even connect the dots—ie this is the third
coronavirus outbreak since 2002 not the first—is hardly
surprising. The WHO’s preposterous nomenclature only adds to
their state of confusion.
Even worse, a growing number of people believe that the new
coronavirus outbreak is a conspiracy concocted by the ruling
elites to change the world order.
The WHO’s incompetence not only added fuel to the raging fire
but the public’s misplaced perception works to its advantage as
it shifts the blame squarely on others rather than itself for
mishandling the coronavirus outbreak.
Notably, under pressure from the Chinese regime, the WHO
failed to sound the alarm about the risks of the new coronavirus
outbreak in a timely manner.
While the world was being plunged into crisis as early as mid-
January 2020, it was not until mid-March that the WHO finally
came to its senses and declared the new coronavirus a
pandemic.
17. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 16 of 62
In fact, while many authorities around the globe were advising
against non-essential travel as early as late-January 2020, the
WHO maintained its counter-advisory of there being no risks
associated with international travel well into March 2020.
To say that WHO has the blood of thousands on its hands would
be to put it lightly.
To add insult to injury, the WHO also misled the public by
erroneously naming the new coronavirus pandemic such that it
would not garner much attention and scrutiny so as to prolong
its propaganda and corruption at the expense of public money
from across the globe. Such a despicable act constitutesnothing
short of a botched-and-bungled cover-up like many before it. It is
time to cut off funding and dismantle what is a deeply
dysfunctional and incompetent organization gung-ho on
misleading the public-at-large.
While Trump has by-and-large pulled the US in the wrong
direction on almost every front since 2017, his decision to sever
ties with the WHO and cut off US financial support should
nonetheless be lauded.
Other nations should follow in his footsteps.
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19. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 18 of 62
|3| Coronaviruses in common cold
Of the seven coronaviruses that cause disease in humans, four
rank as the second leading cause of common cold in humans.
It is noteworthy that there are hundreds of unique species of
viruses that contribute to cold in humans.
While bacteria can also contribute to many infections (eg strep
throat), common cold largely remains a domain of viruses.
Since antibiotics do not work against semibiotic viruses, there is
practically no cure against cold other than vaccines. But, even
reliable vaccines do not exist against a multitude of viruses that
20. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 19 of 62
not only contribute to cold but also undergo transformation into
new beasts with each passing year.
On the basis of how frequently they are implicated in cold, the
four major leading groups of viruses are ranked as follows:
1. Rhinoviruses
2. Coronaviruses
3. Influenza viruses
4. Adenoviruses
What is the difference between cold and flu?
Cold is a catch-all (or umbrella) term for all symptoms associated
with the malfunction of the respiratory tract due to viral
infection—eg sneezing, coughing, or pharyngitis (sore throat).
If such cold-like symptoms are caused by the influenza virus, it is
called "flu". Otherwise it remains “cold”. Simply put, flu is a more
severe form of cold triggered by the influenza virus.
As we can all attest, the flu has far dire consequences than cold.
It is highly contagious by virtue of the ability of influenza virusto
aggressively infect the respiratory tract.
To be clear, the respiratory tract includes organs such as the nose
and mouth through throat and trachea (windpipe) to the lungs
that form a continuous tract along which the air is inhaled and
21. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 20 of 62
exhaled. Due to the extensive infection of the respiratory tract,
the flu not only harbors the potential to cause pneumonia but it
can also lead to hospitalization or even death.
Pneumonia is essentially an inflammation of the lungs instigated
by microbes such as bacteria and viruses.
In the most common scenario, pneumonia is triggered when
harmless bacteria from oral and nasal cavities are sucked into the
lower respiratory tract (ie trachea and lungs) upon a viral
infection.
These bacteria in turn cause extensive tissue damage and
inflammation such that the lungs may collapse or lose the ability
to undergo continuous inflation-deflation cycles needed to
maintain proper breathing.
The body fights off pneumonia through the production of a gel-
like sticky substance called "phlegm"—it is a sign that your lungs
are fighting for their lives!
While phlegm is expectorated (or coughed out) through the
mouth in the form of sputum so as to pump the bacteria out of
lungs, extensive damage to lung tissue usually culminates in
death by hypoxia (lack of oxygen)—ie since pneumonia damages
lungs, they are no longer able to supply the body with oxygen.
Unlike the life-threatening flu, cold is usually much milder, rarely
22. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 21 of 62
turns into a fever, or warrants a visit to the doctor. In fact, most
people do not even realize when they come down with a cold.
However, flu on average claims the lives of around 0.01% of
individuals in a given community each year. For example, flu kills
about 30K Americans on average each year although this figure
can easily double in a more severe flu season.
To put this into a larger context, around 1% of Americans die
each year due to various causes such as old age, disease, and
accidents—ie 3M Americans out of the nation’s population of
330M.
Of nearly 3M Americans who will die in 2020, only 10% will do
so due to the new coronavirus—ie the coronavirus is on course
to claiming the lives of around 300K Americans out of a total of
3M deaths in 2020.
Simply put, while one in 10 of all deaths appears to be due to the
new coronavirus, the flu virus on average is only responsible for
about one in 100 deaths—ie the coronavirus is an order-of-
magnitude (or 10-fold) more lethal than the average flu virus.
While one may be tempted to construe that the coronavirus is
essentially an influenza-on-steroids, the true impact of the new
coronavirus may be far more severe. That is because many
people who recover from the coronavirus may be left with scars
23. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 22 of 62
for the rest of their lives as a result of debilitating side-effects of
the coronavirus on many organs beyond lungs.
For example, there are many individuals who have complained
of lingering health issues with their kidneys, liver, and even heart
well after fighting off the coronavirus.
Still, why does the fear of coronavirus send shockwaves down
the spine of so many when it is only responsible for one in 10 of
all deaths?
In fact, of nearly 3M Americans who die each year, nearly half are
under the age of 50—ie the deaths of at least 1M Americans each
year can be classified as “too-young-to-die” and should be
preventable.
This could be accomplished through rolling out free healthcare
for all, incentivizing the public to pursue a healthier diet and
lifestyle, cutting out the emission of toxic substances into the
environment, banning processed foods and drinks toxic to
health, and so forth.
The foregoing argument begs this question.
Why nobody gives a damn about saving 1M American lives each
year, yet everybody is up in arms even though the lives claimed
by the coronavirus pale in comparison?
24. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 23 of 62
The answer to that bold question lies in human psychology. It is
about the "known" versus a "statistical" victim.
In the case of the coronavirus, it is clear to all of us who the main
targets are. They are by-and-large the elderly and those with
underlying health issues.
In other words, the coronavirus could take the lives of your
beloved grandparents and others-at-greater-risk within your
social circle.
It could even kill you or anyone close to you no matter what their
age. In other words, no one is immune from an infectious disease
and the potential victims are “known” to us.
Such realization makes individuals quickly empathize with others
in the community and the reciprocation of others toward you
begets a cooperative (or synergistic) response to the perceived
threat at hand.
So, life becomes more precious and money takes the back seat
when the threat is imminent and it is being directed at you or
someone close to you.
Contrast the above scenario with those becoming a statistic to
one or more leading causes of death—such as the heart disease
or cancer, which together account for nearly 50% of all deaths in
25. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 24 of 62
America each year. Although you may have a family member
suffering from the heart disease or cancer, their death is neither
imminent nor an absolute certainty.
While you hope and pray for the better, the slow progress of
disease literally flattens your own fear as well as empathy for
strangers for whom a similar fate awaits.
Such perceived lack of fear and empathy is further mitigated by
the fact that these ailments are non-contagious and thus pose no
threat to anyone other than those suffering from them.
Put it another way, the victims of such non-contagious ailments
are by-and-large “statistical” rather than “known” to us.
Accordingly, the threat of such ailments becomes attenuated at
the community level and, as such, it garners little or noattention
to deal with reducing lives lost to what are essentially “silent
killers”.
26. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 25 of 62
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27. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 26 of 62
|4| Potential for developing coronavaccine
As noted earlier, the spikes (or S-glycoproteins) on the outer
surface of the coronavirus act like “hooks” so as to enable it to
attach to specific cells on host tissues.
In the language of immunology, such spikes can also be
envisioned as “antigens”.
An antigen is a molecule (usually a protein or glycoprotein) on
the exterior of a pathogen that can be recognized and
neutralized by the host antibody—ie the ability of antigen to
attach to host tissues is abrogated by the neutralizing antibody.
Accordingly, neutralization of the spikes with a specific antibody
would therefore throw a wrench in the tracks of the
28. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 27 of 62
coronavirus—ie foil its plot to infect a host cell. Indeed, almost all
efforts to develop a coronavirus vaccine (or coronavaccine) are
exploiting the potential of a human antibody to bind to and
thwart the ability of coronavirus spikes to attach to the so-called
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)—a membrane
receptor located on the outer surface of host cells within target
tissues such as human lungs. After landing (or docking) onto
ACE2, the coronavirus enters lung cells and hijacks cellular
machinery to replicate itself into thousands of nanoparticles.
The final stage usually involves the implosion of lung cells so that
the virus could spread to other areas but, in so doing, the
ruptured cells cause inflammation and invite bacterial infections
leading to the onset of pneumonia, which can ultimately leadto
death.
Separately, a growing body of data suggests that the coronavirus
spikes harbor a remarkable potential to undergo mutation and
transform themselves into more potent binders of ACE2 receptor
and/or evade the neutralizing action of an antibody.
This salient observation does not bode well for efforts directed
toward the development of an effective coronavaccine.
Recall that a vaccine is essentially an inactivated harmless virus
(or a viral antigen such as the coronavirus S-glycoprotein) that is
29. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 28 of 62
injected into human body as a "bait" to elicit the production of a
viral-specific antibody by the immune system. This newantibody
will act like a highly specific and streamlined "missile" to only
destroy the virus for which the body has been vaccinated.
Such vaccination is necessary because the body’s immune system
is usually unable to produce an effective-and-specific antibody in
a timely manner upon encountering a new pathogen that it has
perhaps never seen before.
The new coronavirus would be an example of such a pathogen.
To overcome such limitation of the immune system, it pays to
train the body in advance of an expected invasion by a new virus
to which the body might struggle on its own to deal with. That
void is filled by a vaccine.
Once you are vaccinated, your body has been trained to
recognize the threat from that particular virus. And should you
encounter that virus in future, the body will quickly ramp up the
production of the viral-specific antibody to neutralize and
inactivate it before it starts doing any serious damage to your
tissues.
However, the immune system is by no mean foolproof. There are
situations when its memory is short-lived—ie it may remember to
produce a specific antibody triggered by vaccination (or the
30. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 29 of 62
pathogen) for a short period, say up to a month or a year, but
not forever. That is indeed what appears to be the case with the
new coronavirus.
Many infected individuals who produce anti-coronavirus
antibodies do so over a short period of time, and once they
recover, the antibodies largely disappear from their blood
plasma. This implies that such individuals have not attained full
immunity against the coronavirus and remain vulnerable to
another infection.
The odds of developing an effective and reliable coronavaccine
therefore do not look promising.
Indeed, in spite of all the razzmatazz surrounding the
development of a new vaccine, what they are not telling you is
that such efforts have been in the works in one form or another
since the first coronavirus outbreak of 2002.
The development of a coronavaccine is therefore by no meansa
new adventure. If efforts over the past two decades have
produced no tangible results, what makes one think that they
can deliver results over the next two years, much less two months
as some would like the ill-informed public to believe.
Even if such efforts were to be fast-tracked through cutting
corners as “attrumpts” are being made to do so, a rushed (or
31. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 30 of 62
substandard) vaccine will have very high odds of being packed
with a plethora of undesirable effects—it would be nothing short
of a “cure worse than the disease”.
In 1955, the Cutter Laboratories hastily put together a polio
vaccine that not only ended up infecting nearly one in four
children vaccinated with the remnants of live virus but also
paralyzed and killed many of them. Even, as recently as 2009, a
flu vaccine manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline against the
influenza strain H1N1 appeared to be linked to narcolepsy—a
neurological disorder associated with chronic sleep disorder.
And there are many other documented cases where
substandard vaccines have led to hospitalization and life-
threatening side-effects.
If a similar scenario were to prevail for a substandard
coronavaccine, not only will people be petrified of being
vaccinated but the bar for the approval of a new vaccine will be
significantly raised such that it may never see the day of light.
Additionally, enrolling guinea pigs in new vaccines will become
a hornet’s nest. In the age of growing anti-vaccine movements,
that should serve as an ominous warning.
To put it idiomatically, a vaccine in haste not only makes
hazardous waste but also leaves horrendous aftertaste!
32. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 31 of 62
It is thus of paramount importance to develop a high-quality
coronavaccine the very first time rather than trying to be the first
one to cross the line.
Failure to do so will not only open up a Pandora’s box but what
little trust the public has in institutions will also begin to nosedive.
For the record, the fastest vaccine ever developed was for the
mumps virus over 50 years ago in 1967.
Back then, it took four years for a project that now typically takes
decades rather than years.
One could say that the viruses are getting smarter and
increasingly more difficult to tame!
The cunning fox would argue that the low-hanging fruits have
already been picked and what remains are sour grapes!
Is the fox’s innuendo a hint that the search for the coronavaccine
will carry on ad infinitum?
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33. AMJAD FAROOQ | CORONAVIRUS 2020-09-20 | 32 of 62
|5| Lessons learned from other viruses
HIV Dengue Ebola
Zika
Irrational exuberance does not only infect the stock market but it
can also surface wherever there exists an opportunity to make a
killing!
Indeed, today’s euphoria surrounding the development of a
coronavaccine in many ways echoes what followed after the
identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1984.
Back then, those in the Reagan administration and their stooges
in the lamestream media were beaming with full force that an
HIV vaccine will be ready within a couple of years. Nearly 36
years on and 36M deaths later, we are still waiting for an HIV
Adenovirus Influenza
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vaccine! And wait we must—because even today, the HIV
continues to claim the lives of nearly 1M peopleworldwide each
year.
Yet, many would argue that the new coronavirus is no HIV.That
would be true but nor is HIV the new coronavirus!
While HIV is nothing short of a death sentence for the infected
individual, it nonetheless has a very low infectivity.
In fact, HIV can only be transmitted through direct contact with
an infected individual’s fluids such as blood and semen. Such a
social barrier presents a bottleneck for the HIV to go on a
rampage through the human population unchecked.
In marked contrast, the new coronavirus cannot only be
transmitted through person-to-person contact (eg hand shaking
with an infected individual), and surface-to-person contact (eg
touching an infected door handle), but also through airborne
droplets (eg being within close proximity of an infected
individual).
Add to this the fact that the coronavirus also harbors a long
incubation period—the infected individual can remain
asymptomatic for weeks (and possibly months), thereby enabling
this beast to quietly and covertly infect others who come into
direct or indirect contact with the primary host.
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Together, such potent and versatile mechanisms of infection
make the new coronavirus one of the most contagious
pathogens ever known to human.
Indeed, it is through such means that the coronavirus has not
only been able to quickly expand its radius of infectivity but has
also escalated into a full-blown public health crisis that will
continue to test our resolve and patience for the foreseeable
future.
Still, it is important to understand that unlike the new
coronavirus, the HIV ranks among a group of viruses that are
able to mutate (or change) at a breathtaking pace—ie they
quickly change their identity and thereby evade any drugs or
vaccines chasing them.
Such viruses are to vaccinologists what sunlight-and-garlic are to
vampires!
For example, the influenza virus typically mutates into a new
strain with each flu season, thereby necessitating the
development of a new influenza vaccine each year so as tokeep
up with its tricks and treats.
The new coronavirus is also prone to mutation as noted earlier,
and perhaps, in a more serious way than the influenza virus.
Compared to influenza and coronavirus, the HIV is in a league of
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its own. Its ability to mutate is lightning fast. It undergoes
mutation immediately upon infection such that an infected
individual may carry not one but millions of different HIVstrains!
How the heck does one catch-and-kill not one kind of intruder
but rather millions of different intruders?
It seems a mission impossible.
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The HIV is therefore unlikely to be ever conquered through
vaccination because it represents a “moving target”!
One may be able to get rid of such a moving target with a stroke
of luck but there can never be a consistent strategy to always
come out a winner.
Some would even go as far as saying that a mission to Mars is
more likely to bear fruition than a clinician trying to develop an
HIV vaccine!
But, guess what? The HIV vaccinologists have not given up.
To their credit, nobody would give up when therein lies an
opportunity to make a killing!
At the turn of the Noughties (2000s), they proclaimed that they
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will have an HIV vaccine by the end of that decade. They made
the same pledge again when the Teenies (2010s) came around.
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And, you bet, their vows have not changed for the new decade
of Twenties (2020s).
It is noteworthy that HIV is not the only deadly virus that has
evaded the wrath of vaccination.
Other viruses that fall into this category include the dengue,
ebola, and zika viruses—to name a few. Closer to home, even
rhinoviruses and adenoviruses that cause the common cold have
kept vaccinologists at bay for decades.
Simply put, the development of an effective antiviral vaccine is
more of an exception rather than a rule.
One could even say that the quest for vaccine development
often turns out to be an insoluble Rubik’s Cube.
Still, if you want to be rich, developing vaccines should not only
be your inner but also sinner calling!
Indeed, over the past 36 years, more than a trillion dollars have
been expended on biomedical research vis-à-vis the
development of an HIV vaccine alone.
Having been a frontline research scientist for more than a
quarter-of-a-century, I estimate that as much as 75% of such
dollars end up in the hands of corruption.
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Saving lives is one thing but trying to bankrupt the coffers of
those who finance your work is another.
Let us just say that it is human nature to always claim that you
can deliver anything within your expertise when presentedwith
a big-fat check. Who would want to refuse that?
It is as simple as uttering: “Si se puede”—“Yes we can”!
And being the world capital of con-artists, America presents easy
pickings for those not only preying upon but also running public
and private institutions for their own personal gains.
For example, if you write a builder a check for a trillion dollars
and ask them to build you a tower all the way to the sky, do you
think they will say that they cannot do it! Heck, no.
They will take the check but they know that they cannot even lay
down proper foundations, much less build a sky-high tower.
Still, they know that with time, they will not only be able to justify
the use of funds but that everyone will have forgotten what the
original goal of the project was.
Indeed, time is not only the best healer, it is also the best
concealer!
The donors have short memories.
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And the recipients exploit the rinse-repeat strategy time and
again to mind-blowing and mouth-watering effects.
Some call it research. Others their perch!
To say that the coronavaccine claims are not only exaggerated
but also heavily sugar-coated would be something of an
understatement.
It is an example of euphoria run amok to the nth degree.
They say that every crisis presents an opportunity. Indeed, every
infectious disease outbreak makes billionaires out of vaccine
developers and their proponents-alike.
It is no secret that trillions of dollars will be handed out yet again
to such con-artists over the next decade or so but with little
results to show for.
And who cares?
Nobody is picking up the tab but the future generations of
Americans. What a shame!
Can America go any lower than this? Even worse, does the US
electorate not have any remorse when they elect the same
clowns every four years to plunge the nation into even more
crisis?
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That amounts to nothing short of insanity.
But, what is insanity, you might ask?
In disguise of Einstein, insanity is doing the same thing over and
over again and expecting different results!
It is simply beyond the pale.
But, let there be no doubt. The chickens will eventually come
home to roost. No one is immune to the laws of nature.
Now, even if a coronavaccine becomes available, it will be far
from a silver bullet.
Not only will its quality be at stake but also quantity.
Developing an effective vaccine is one thing but producing it in
large quantities to serve the needs of billions is another.
And then there is also no guarantee that most people will be
willing to be vaccinated even if a magic bullet were to become
available.
Indeed, according to a recent Gallup survey, at least one in three
Americans will refuse the coronavaccine even if it was being
made available free of charge. And such lack of confidence in
vaccination is much higher elsewhere around the globe. To add
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another twist to this drama, a significant number of people also
believe that such vaccination would be a trick-trock used by their
government to inject a microchip into their body so as to be
tracked and spied upon their personal lives.
Some say that they love to chat but they do not wish to be tik-
tokked! Others argue that there is no such thing as a free lunch!
And that would be very true of most Americans who have to foot
their bills even for things as mundane as a coronavirus diagnostic
test.
Why the government would be so kind to provide them with free
vaccination when it cannot even deliver basic healthcare, so they
assert.
To say that the public trust in government institutions has hit a
new abyss should hardly be surprising.
That is because not only human civilization but almost
everything in nature is cyclical.
Some generations trust their government. Others are trusted by
their government. This generation falls into neither category.
Given that an effective coronavaccine is unlikely to become a
reality—at least in the near future—coupled with the insidious
nature of respiratory coronaviruses, it looks increasingly likely
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that the new coronavirus will become endemic to humans in a
manner akin to the influenza virus.
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Just like the “flu season”, we may also have to contend with the
“corona season”!
And just like developing a new flu vaccine each year, we will
likely end up playing a game of whack-a-mole or ping-pong with
the new coronavirus.
Given that the flu vaccines are usually less than 50%effective—ie
they only halve hospital visits and deaths rather than provide full
protection to those vaccinated—a similar scenario likely beckons
for the coronavaccine, or rather, coronavaccines.
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|6| Alternative therapies for coronavirus
While efforts to develop an effective coronavaccine remain in
progress, alternative therapies are also being considered totreat
coronavirus infections.
One such therapy is based on the use of convalescent plasma.
Recall that plasma is essentially the liquid component of blood
loaded with an array of cargos such as proteins and antibodies
but without the following three components: red blood cells
(erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and cell-like
platelets (thrombocytes).
The adjective "convalescent" indicates that this blood plasma is
taken from an individual who has successfully recovered from
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coronavirus by virtue of their ability to produce anti-coronavirus
antibodies.
In principle, such convalescent plasma could be injected into an
infected individual so as to provide them with the necessary
antibodies in order to fight off the coronavirus.
In practice, however, there is a very little evidence that such a
therapy has a reasonable success rate.
While the convalescent plasma might work for someindividuals,
it offers nothing more than a temporary fix rather than long-term
sustained immunity.
Other than the use of convalescent plasma, drugs such as
hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir among a plethora of others
have also been trumpeted as potential therapies against the new
coronavirus.
First developed in the 1950s as an antimalarial drug,
hydroxychloroquine is now widely used to treat a multitude of
autoimmune disorders such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
While how exactly hydroxychloroquine works remains poorly
understood, what little we do know is that it exerts its action by
virtue of its ability to suppress the immune system so as to help
relieve the debilitating effects of autoimmune disorders. In
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autoimmune disorders, the immune system response becomes
augmented (or hyperactive) such that it begins to attack the
body’s own healthy cells and tissues leading to inflammation.
Thus, a drug such as hydroxychloroquine that counteracts the
hyperactivity of immune system and mitigates inflammation will
be most welcome in the case of individuals suffering from
autoimmune disorders.
Let me add that the use of a single drug to treat multiple diseases
is not only a common practice nowadays but repurposing
existing drugs to treat new indications has also come to be
recognized as a branch of biomedical research in its own right.
It is loosely termed “Drug repurposing” or “Drug repositioning”.
In fact, my own laboratory has championed this area of research
for the past decade or so. Although my own work has led to
identification of various existing drugs that could be potentially
used to treat ailments such as cancer, the lack of funding has not
allowed me to pursue my studies further.
Given that many people who contracted the new coronavirus
have reported benefiting from the use of hydroxychloroquine,
one wonders whether this drug could indeed be useful for
certain individuals or whether such anecdotal evidence merely
represents a placebo effect.
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They say that psychology is half the medicine.
Indeed, a positive outlook on life and being optimistic goes a
long way to not only fighting off ailments but also keeping them
at bay.
It is now well documented that many people are able to recover
from a disease when they are placed on a treatment regimen but
administered nothing more than a “sugar pill”—ie a placebo.
To be clear, a placebo is a dummy drug (eg a sugar pill) that the
recipients believe is actually an active medicine that they are not
only getting for free but that it will improve their existing medical
condition—it remains unbeknown to them throughout the
treatment that they are merely being fed a “candy”!
While such a candy (or placebo) has no therapeutic value nor it
elicits a physiological response, it is understood to provide
psychological benefits.
Such a phenomenon wherein the individuals are administereda
placebo so as to psychologically trigger their brain to accelerate
their recovery has come to be called the “placebo effect”.
It can be envisioned as a form of meditation.
It indeed is amazing how mind, if used properly, can deliver
medical miracles.
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The key lesson here is that, when taking a medicine, it is
important to keep stress and drama out of your life lest the effect
of the medicine becomes largely neutralized.
In fact, you can multiply the effect of a medicine by simply being
calm, happy, and pursuing everyday activities that give you a
purpose in life.
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For example, a lot of people dream of retiring early so that they
can enjoy life even more. But, many of them regret doing so as
they quickly realize that, without work, their life has become
purposeless!
So, do not retire unless you loathe your work!
In fact, a productive and working life is one of the secrets to
longevity. For many people, the work is their primary source of
joy and serves as a mental connection with their world.
Golf is not for everyone. Nor sitting by the beach all day long. Or
even going places. Any activity that becomes a staple can quickly
turn into boredom.
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Now, is it possible that hydroxychloroquine merely works via a
placebo effect?
Not necessarily. Rather, it is more likely that it not only suppresses
the immune system but also attunes it.
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For example, speaking softly often gets more done than using
your authority to yell at your subordinates.
In a similar manner, it is quite conceivable that
hydroxychloroquine tones down the immune system and allows
it to be redirected to fighting invaders such as the coronavirus,
or directly interferes with the invaders.
Indeed, several lines of evidence suggest that hydroxy-
chloroquine inhibits the replication of a wide array of viruses,
including the coronaviruses.
It is thus no coincidence that hydroxychloroquine appears to
have worked for many individuals who contracted the
coronavirus either by virtue of its ability to block viral replication
and/or through attuning the immune system.
However, no drug comes without serious side-effects.
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And hydroxychloroquine can be highly toxic and those willing
to take it should think twice as it may not only exacerbate the
coronavirus infection but could also be life-threatening.
Indeed, while many individuals have reported benefiting from
the use of hydroxychloroquine, there are also others who lost
their lives due to its use. Importantly, the use of
hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus infections is not
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supported by clinical data. But, that does not imply that it does
not work for some individuals.
Clinical studies are often deeply flawed and the methodology
can mask benefits for an individual over the interests of the larger
cohort. There are simply too many variables involved, which are
often poorly controlled for. And then the clinical data look for a
correlation between two variables.
The lack of correlation is often used to imply lack of causation.
On the contrary, even correlation does not necessarily imply
causation!
Simply put, one can make or break clinical studies as they see fit.
It is pseudo-science at best.
Since clinical studies usually involve the injection of an unknown
drug or vaccine into a human body, one wonders what kind of
daredevils are willing to participate in such dangerous acts?
Are these individuals, especially if they are on their last leg,
representative of human population as a whole?
Given that 99% of clinical studies fail and produce no tangible
results, I would like to believe that no normal individual in their
right mind would willingly volunteer for such endeavors no
matter how altruistic or sick they consider themselves to be.
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Even if one were to get hold of a representative set of individuals,
most clinical studies still remain unreliable due to the fact that not
only are they based on a limited set of participants (rarely more
than 1000 individuals) but the biology of participants--eg
physiological, psychological, cultural, and ethnic differences—
can also be worlds apart such that any results cannot be
ascertained with a high degree of confidence.
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Even absent such biological differences between participants,
can one really extrapolate the physiological response of say 1000
individuals from a specific geographic location under a clinical
study to billions of people across the globe?
I believe not.
And my view is supported by tons of data.
For example, lots of therapies appear promising in a clinical
setting but once they are approved for the use of general public,
they often fail to live up to their hype.
Indeed, dozens of drugs are pulled from the pharmacy shelves
each year.
Still, it is no secret that many clinicians with deeply-vested
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interests for or against a drug can design a study to get the results
that they may have been yearning for years.
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For example, the drug X may be administered to a cherry-picked
cohort of affluent individuals such that the there is a positive
correlation between the use of drug X and the life expectancy of
its adherents.
The clinicians undertaking the above study will be quick tohonk
their horns and claim that their medicine is nothing short of a
“wonder drug”.
Yet, they forgot to control—either intentionally or due to
incompetence—for the fact that the longer life expectancy of the
cohort under clinical study may have been due to theirhealthier
and privileged lifestyle in lieu of any benefits provided by the
drug X.
Indeed, if the above study were to be repeated with a large-and-
randomized cohort of individuals of all social and ethnic
backgrounds, it may turn out that the drug X is actually harmful
and may even shorten the life expectancy.
The opposite scenario is also not so uncommon—ie the lack of
correlation between a drug (the cause) and its therapeutic value
(the effect).
In fact, there are many scenarios where an apparent lack of
correlation does not necessarily imply lack of causation. This
could be due to the fact that the correlation between two
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variables under study follows a non-linear or parabolic (U-
shaped) trend as is often observed in nature.
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For example, most people do not experience a tangible change
in their weight between say the third and fourth decade (or 21-
40 years) of their lives.
Yet, during this 20-year period, an average human body
consumes about 10 tons of solid food.
An uninitiated mind might be led to believe that no correlation
exists between food intake and a person’s weight. Yet, that is
hardly the case.
In fact, the relationship between food intake and body weight
follows a parabolic trend.
At low food intake, there is a negative correlation—ie under-
nourished individuals will lose weight. At the other extreme of
high food intake, there is a positive correlation—ie over-eating (or
binge eating) will lead to an increase in weight. In between these
two extremes, therein lies an optimal range of food intake that
displays a zero correlation with weight gain.
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Now, unlike the versatile action of hydroxychloroquine,
remdesivir is a specific inhibitor of viral replication—it was first
developed in 2009. Still, while remdesivir is known to block the
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replication of many viruses, including the coronaviruses, it is by
no means a magic bullet.
Merely interfering with viral replication often fails to halt the
progress of viruses as they possess a remarkable ability to evade
what they see as nothing more than a nuisance in their quest to
divide and rule the microscopic world.
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Put it another way, viruses replicate into millions of copies and,
while most of these copies may be blocked, it only takes a couple
of them to escape the inhibitory action of an antiviral drug such
as remdesivir or even hydroxychloroquine.
It is thus no coincidence that remdesivir has been used with
limited success against viruses such as ebola.
Although its use for the treatment of coronavirus has been
hyped up recently for financial gains, it will prove to be no more
useful than any other antiviral drug including
hydroxychloroquine—though the latter is far more toxic.
Let us just say that if hydroxychloroquine is being perceived as
trumpier, then remdesivir qualifies as trumpiest in the hitherto
available arsenal to fight off the coronavirus.
I should clarify that drugs (or antibiotics) are only effective
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against biotic (or living) pathogens such as bacteria. Since such
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pathogens are comprised of living cells, drugs can be used to kill
them--ie penetrate the cell and destroy it from within.
But, being semibiotic (or half-living), viruses are non-cellular (or
acellular) and therefore drugs are virtually ineffective against
them—ie there is no cell to penetrate and nothing to destroy.
While all pathogens are perceived as being “invisible” enemies
due to their microscopic size not within the optical range of
human eye, this title should truly go to the viruses in that they
are not only sub-microscopic but their nanosize sometimes even
evades the tiny “soldiers” of the immune system charged with
keeping the pathogens at bay.
In short, the use of drugs to tame viruses is destined to fail from
the get-go. They are only used to slow down the progress of
viruses rather than destroy them once and forever.
Indeed, any therapy other than a vaccine only offers a temporary
solution rather than a permanent cure against viral infections.
To say that a vaccine is the holy grail of antiviral therapy would
be to put it lightly.
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|7| Potential for developing herd immunity
There is a growing number of parents who refuse to have their
children vaccinated against some of the most lethal pathogens
known to human. Still, these parents need not worry so much.
Why not?
That is because a large proportion of individuals (including
children) in the human population is vaccinated against
common pathogens—such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio,
and chickenpox—and therefore remains immune to infections.
Such vaccinated individuals serve as a physical “barrier” for the
transmission of contagious pathogens to others, thereby
providing immunity to those who are not immune but remain
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vulnerable to infections. Simply put, the pathogens cannot use
vaccinated individuals as a “bridge” to multiply and then jump
onto others in the population.
Such ability of vaccinated individuals (or those who fought off a
pathogen on their own) to provide protection to other members
of their herd is called “herd immunity”.
Put it another way, herd immunity is a phenomenon wherein if
the majority of individuals in a population have either been
vaccinated or fought off a contagious pathogen, the odds of
others becoming infected are substantially reduced.
Indeed, if it were not for the blessings of such herd immunity,
most non-vaccinated individuals would not survive long in a
world full of lethal bugs rising from east to west and leaving
nothing to rest.
To be clear, the greater the number of vaccinated individuals(or
those who fought off a pathogen on their own) in a herd, the
greater the degree of herd immunity attained.
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In the case of less-infective pathogens such as the influenza virus,
as low as 60% of vaccinated individuals may be able to provide
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herd immunity to others. For more-infective pathogens such as
the new coronavirus, as many as 90% individuals may need to be
vaccinated.
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But, herd immunity does not appear to be a guaranteed feat in
the case of the new coronavirus.
That is because the immune system of most people appears to be
incapable of producing long-lasting specific antibodies against
the new coronavirus so as to attain long-term sustained
immunity.
In other words, one must be able to not only transiently produce
antibodies but do so in a sustainable manner so as to quickly
neutralize the coronavirus upon exposure anytime and every
time before it can wreak havoc on your respiratory tract—or use
you as a bridge to infect other individuals who come in contact
with you.
Given that most people are apparently unable to attain sustained
immunity against the new coronavirus, the possibility of
reinfection will always remain a constant threat even if one were
to get vaccinated.
Thus, even though a vaccine is being touted as the ultimate goal
to drill the final nail in the coffin of the coronavirus, it is important
to understand that attaining herd immunity across the entire
human population may elude us for years and decades to come.
While this may sound like a harbinger of things to come, there
are nevertheless some encouraging signs out of certain parts of
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the world. In Sweden, for example, the rapidly falling rate of
coronavirus infections is being attributed to the emergence of
herd immunity among its people.
Although it is too early to draw that conclusion with some
degree of confidence, such a scenario is nonetheless plausible
given that a higher proportion of Swedes might have acquired
the immunity to produce anti-coronavirus antibodies in a
sustainable manner due to the fact that they had the greatest
freedom to move around and socially interact while most other
parts of the world were under strict lockdown.
Absent the lockdown, the more rapid exposure of Swedes to the
coronavirus might have indeed jumpstarted their road to
developing herd immunity ahead of other nations.
If so, should the world have followed in the footsteps ofSweden
as opposed to having mandated strict lockdown on their shores?
One of the arguments that the Swedish authorities put forward
to justify their lack of lockdown mandate was that the strictrules
would not work and their violation would only add to the drama
and confusion.
Perhaps even better rationale for not having instituted the
lockdown would have been that such a draconian measure
would only add fear to the psyche of people such that it might
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keep them out of public eye for years to come. Indeed, even if a
magic cure was to become available tomorrow, the fear alone
will suffice to keep most people at home and anxious of going
about their lives as they did prior to the coronavirus outbreak.
Interestingly, the lamestream media is already talking about the
need for a second lockdown should the coronavirus unleash
another round of mayhem come Autumn 2020.
What the lamestream media does not understand is that most
people have already been under voluntary lockdown for months
even though the mandated lockdowns were lifted in most parts
of the world around mid-2020.
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For the most part, people are happy working from the comfort
of their home-sweet-homes and many have no intention of
returning to work ever again. Some even go as far as claiming
that working-from-home is their new “constitutional” right and
that their employers cannot force them to return to work!
When translated into the language of epidemiology, Newton’s
third law of motion would read: “For every lockdown, there is an
equal and opposite knockdown”!
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Indeed, while it is not clear how many lives the lockdown has
saved, there is no doubt that it has created a bazillion problems
that will require a long time to fix and return humanity to some
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semblance of normalcy again. Suffice to say that human never
needed a lockdown to ward off contagious pathogens ever since
it first walked out of woods over 100K years ago.
No pathogen ever stopped human in its tracks from plodding
forward to new challenges.
No pathogen ever changed its course of history.
And, let there be no doubt that, it is not the coronavirus but its
fear that has all of a sudden transformed human civilization that
stood the test of time for millennia.
Many say that life will never be same again.
Cities and towns will remain deserted. People will never shake
hands again—much less invite a hug or plant a kiss.
I, for one, disagree.
People are either short-sighted or ignorant of the complex history
of human civilization.
We are programmed to chug along no matter what is thrown
onto our tracks.
In disguise of Confucius—a minus-5th
century Chinese
philosopher—let me add that our greatest glory is not that we
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never fall but that we rise to even greater heights every time we
fall!
We may have lost the battle against the coronavirus but our
immune system will eventually triumph and win the war as it has
always done for millennia.
It is only a matter of time before the coronavirus is sent packing
to the annals of history.
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About the author
AMJAD FAROOQ PhD|DIC
http://farooq.ac
In 1971, born to a family of peasants in rural Mirpur—situated at
the foothills of Himalayas in Kashmir—Amjad's early life set the
tone for what would turn out to be an example of what can be
achieved in life.
With no tellies or tubbies, his childhood centered upon herding
goats, riding donkeys, and the crushing marks of thorns on the
soles of his feet bear testament to the hard work ethic that
embodies his soul.
In 1985, at the tender age of thirteen, the opportunity to
emigrate to England offered Amjad a new lease on life. Equipped
with only a handful of words of the host language coupled with
a setting that could not have been more alien to that of his
AMERICA
(1998-date)
ENGLAND
(1985-1998)
PAKISTAN
(1971-1985)
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upbringing in his native Kashmir, England presented Amjad with
nothing short of a culture shock.
Yet, Amjad would rise to the challenge against all odds—a feature
that would become the epitome of his later life.
Although he faced many hurdles early on in his new hunting
ground, it was not long before Amjad discovered that his passion
lay in science and that scientific curiosities challenged his
innermost conscience.
Despite the family pressure to pursue medicine, he began to
prioritize science (or what are these days called the STEM
subjects) from around mid-teen—STEM is an acronym for Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
Through his hard work and passion combined with an-equal-
opportunity land, Amjad rose through the academic ranks
quickly and with flying colors.
Although a physics whiz, Amjad's interest in understanding the
intricacies of life meant that he had to settle for an
undergraduate degree in a biomedical science.
In 1994, he obtained his baccalaureate with top distinctions as
First-Class Honors in Biochemistry from the University of
Manchester in the north of England. Next, Amjad moved to
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Imperial College London to undertake doctoral research on
bacteriorhodopsin—a proton pump that converts sunlight into
chemical energy in the so-called halobacteria.
In 1998, after obtaining his doctorate from the University of
London, Amjad relocated to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine
in Manhattan, New York, with a highly competitive postdoctoral
fellowship—courtesy of the UK Wellcome Trust—in order to not
only broaden his scientific and cultural horizons but also look for
greener pastures.
In 2004, Amjad's excellent scientific productivity and promise as
an independent scholar during his postdoctoral training led to
his recruitment at the tenure-track rank of Assistant Professor at
the Leonard Miller School of Medicine of the University of Miami
in South Florida.
In 2012, his continuing high scientific productivity was further
rewarded with a promotion to the tenured-rank of Associate
Professor at the University of Miami.
In his leisure time, Professor Farooq leads an active life and avidly
writes on many topics.
Although a biophysicist by trade with close to 100 publications
in premier scientific journals and books across three decades,
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he also has expertise in areas as diverse as economy, philosophy,
psychology, history, and linguistics.
Eagle-eyed and analytically-minded, Professor Farooq is fearless,
strongly-opinionated, and never afraid to call a spade a spade.
He often jokes that he is so un-American. His data-driven writings
lend breathtaking insights into the workings of what he calls a
nonsense world.
With artistry in seven languages and the experience of having
herded goats across three continents at his disposal, his writings
not only make inconvenient sense but also provide a breath of
fresh air and candor.
Professor Farooq is utterly independent and unaffiliated to any
political, religious, or cultural organization.
His blunt and brutal take on world affairs is a far cry from the
politicized and patriotic narrative aired on lamestream media.
"The only thing you should be patriotic of is nothing but the blunt
and untainted truth", he professes.
Voila sa vie!