The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation. The project uses an arduino which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing arrangement. This is achieved by using an arduino which acts as interface between the sensing arrangement . Once the controller receives this signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display status of the soil and water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff metallic rods inserted into the field at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit. The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, an SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the status of the pump. We can also control the pump through SMS.

1. AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION
SYSTEM ON SENSING SOIL
MOISTURE
Submitted by
P.RENUKA - 16311A0462
CSL ANUSHA - 16311A0470
A.MANVITHA - 16311A0474
S.RAMESHWARI - 16311A0484
A.ANVITHA – 16311A0487
Mentor:
Mr.L.V.R CHAITANYA PRASAD

2. CONTENTS
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 OPERATION
 OUT PUT
 APPLICATION
 MERITS
 CONCLUSION
 FUTURE SCOPE
 REFERENCES

3. ABSTRACT:
 The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system
which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture
content of the soil.
 The project uses ARDUINO UNO R3 in which ATmega328P
microcontroller.
 which is programmed to receive the input signal from the
moisture sensor.
 Once the controller receives this signal, it generates an output
that drives a relay for operating the water pump.

4. INTRODUCTION :
 In present days, especially farmers are facing major problems in
watering their agriculture fields, its because they have no proper
idea of when the power is available that they can pump water.
 Even after the power comes, they need to wait until the field is
properly watered, which makes them to stop doing their other
works.
 To avoid this problems by automatic irrigation type projects are
helpful.

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM :
Power
Supply
ARDUINO RELAY DRIVER 12V PUMP
LCD
230V AC
SUPPLY
MOISTURE SENSOR
12V DC
ANALOG DIGITAL

6. COMPONENTS:
• TRANSFORMER (230-12VAC)
• RECTIFICATION
• ARDUINO
• MOISTURE SENSOR
• RELAY CIRCUIT
• WATER PUMP
• LCD

7. • TRANSFORMER:
A step down transformer is used which steps down the
voltage from 230v to 12v ac.
• RECTIFICATION:
By using a bridge rectifier circuit the ac supply is converted
to dc.
• ARDUIUNO:
Arduiuno is used to control the whole process. The output of
the soil moisture sensor is connected to the digital pins of the
arduiuno.

8. • MOISTURE SENSOR:
The moisture sensor senses the moisture content in the soil
and gives an analog output which needs to be interfaced with
the arduiuno.
• RELAY CIRCUIT:
The relay is used to control the small water pump and it is
driven by transistor. The transistor is further connected to the
digital pin of arduiuno.
• WATER PUMP:
A 12v dc water pump is used to artificially supply water. It can
be triggered ON/OFF by sending signals as required.

9. • LCD PANEL:
LCD is used for displaying status and messages. LCD is
used in 4 bit mode and driven by arduiuno library

10. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

11. OPERATION:
MOISTURE SENSOR:
The Soil Moisture Sensor is used to
measure the volumetric water content of soil.

12. 1. INITIAL STAGE :
At this stage the soil sensor senses
the natural rate of moisture i.e..(dry
stage). And it is clear that the
percentage of the moisture content
is 1% which indicates that the soil in
the dry condition. And the natural
percentage of moisture is soil is
noted as 1%.

13. 2. PARTIALLY WET
CONDITION:
Here in this condition ,water is
added to the soil content to
increase the moisture content .
Water of 20 ml is added to the
soil such that there should be a
minimum hipe in the moisture
content .Then we observe
moisture content as 53% which
indicates partially wet stage

14. 3. WET CONDITION:
Here in this stage the
moisture content in the soil
is desirable (sufficient level )
and this condition is
described as wet condition
with moisture content as
64% .

15. 4. SATURATION
CONDITION:
Moisture content is totally
wet.At this stage the circuit gets
put off.Again when moisture is in
dry stage the circuit gets on.

16.  The arduino microcontroller which is programmed to receive the
input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the
sensing arrangement.
 When the soil condition is less than the reference value, then the
soil is considered asdry.
 The arduino microcontroller then turns ON the motor drive circuit
prompts the motor to pump water to the plants.
 When the soil condition is greater than the reference value, the soil
becomes wet.
 Then controller turns OFFthe motor driver circuit.

17. APPLICATIONS:
• Irrigation in field.
• Irrigation in parks,gardens.
• Very efficient for paddy
• Water sprinklers

18. MERITS:
 Easy to design and install.
 Low cost and reliable circuit.
 Complete elimination of manpower.
 System can be switched into manual mode whenever required.
 Mainly it eliminate hazards.

19. CONCLUSION
As water supplies become scarce and polluted, there is a need to
irrigate more efficiently in order to minimize water use and chemical
leaching.
Therefore this project is the best solution for this crisis.
The primary applications for this project are for farmers and
gardeners who do not have enough time to water their crops/plants.
It also covers those farmers who do not waste water during
irrigation.

20. FUTURE SCOPE:
• This type of automated irrigation system consumes 40-50% less
water as compared to the traditional system Ideal growth
condition is been provided.
• It saves time and timer delay as per the environmental
condition can be added for automatic watering.
• This smart irrigation system can be adjusted and modified
according to the changing environment.
• It is simple to operate it starts by designing the map of your
garden and marking the location of planting

21. REFERENCES:
[1] SMAJSTRLA, A.G.; KOO, R.C...(1 9 8 6 ). "Applied engineering in
agriculture".
[2] CLEMENS, A.J. (1990).Feedback Control for Surface Irrigation
Management in: Visions of the Future. ASAE Publication 04-90.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
[3] SCOTT MAC. KENZIE, The 8051 micro controller, second edition,
pratice hall Inc., USA, (1995) pp. 81 - 94.
[4] SMAJSTRLA, A.G.; LOCASCIO, S.J. (1996). "Drip irrigation
scheduling of tomato",12(3):312-319.
[5] JOHN B PEATMEN, Design with micro controllers, Mc- Graw Hill,
USA, (1996).
[6] Introduction to LCD programming tutorial by CRIAG STEINER
(1997) by Vault information services LLC.

22. THANK YOU