So what is this project? What does it do? Basically this is a soil moisture monitoring system, which detects if the moisture content in the soil is above or below a certain satisfactory threshold value. If it goes below a certain critical point, it is time to water the plant until the soil surrounding the plant is moist enough. An arrangement of a DC motor relay is used to control the watering mechanism.
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Soil Moisture Monitoring System
1.
2. OVERVIEW
So what is this project? What does it do? Basically this is a soil moisture monitoring
system, which detects if the moisture content in the soil is above or below a certain
satisfactory threshold value. If it goes below a certain critical point, it is time to water
the plant until the soil surrounding the plant is moist enough. An arrangement of a DC
motor relay is used to control the watering mechanism.
3. MOTIVATION
Before we start with the project itself, lets see what led us to take up this challenge to make this
Automated Plant Watering System.
In this 21st century, climate change and depletion of resources have become a major issue to deal
with. With the ever growing population and increased demand for natural resources we find
ourselves in a middle of a crisis, a crisis which calls for immediate action. Sustainable development
must be adopted by each one of us, both on a personal level and socio-industrial level.
Among the teeming natural resources which make life possible on earth, perhaps the most
important is water. Water shortage has become a crucial issue in most parts of the world. Recently,
the state of Maharashtra in India is facing a severe drought which has already claimed many lives.
Hence we see that water conservation is of utmost importance.
4. INTRODUCTION
Conventional Watering Methods use a lot of water and needless to say, a lot of it is wasted on a
daily basis
With the help of advanced methods of watering, which should ideally use just the correct amount of
water needed for the plants, we could save a considerable amount of water
This system uses Arduino Uno and Moisture Sensor to provide adequate amount of water needed
by plant
This system works automatically without any human intervention.
5. EQUIPMENTS USED
Arduino Uno
Soil Moisture Sensor
LCD Display
Relay
DC Pump
Potentiometer
Power Source ( Rechargeable Battery)
6. THE ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino is an open- source microcontroller based kit for building digital devices and interactive
objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world
The Arduino based provides sets of digital and analog I/O pins that can be interfaced to various
expansion boards and other circuits
For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino has a specific software associated with it which
provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the processing project, which
includes support for the C and C++ programming language.
8. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil.
It indirectly measures by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant or interaction with nutrient as a proxy for the moisture content.
The soil moisture sensor uses capacitance to measure dielectric permittivity of the surrounding
medium. In soil, dielectric permittivity is a function of the water content. The sensor creates a
voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity, and therefore the water content of the soil.
10. LCD DISPLAY
An LCD is an electronic display module which uses liquid crystal to produce a visible image.
The 16×2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in circuits.
The 16x2 LCD displays 16 character per line in 2 lines.
In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix.
12. RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch.
It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating
contact terminals.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an independent low-power signal, or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
14. DC PUMPS
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), by mechanical action.
This is lightweight, small size, high efficiency, low consumption and low noise water pump.
16. POTENTIOMETER
A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an
adjustable voltage divider
Potentiometers is used to control the brightness of the LCD
18. POWER SOURCE (RECHARGABLE
BATTERY)
When selecting the appropriate battery for this project, some important points must be considered
Firstly, it should be environmentally friendly
Secondly, it should be of stable quality and high reliability
Also, it must be rechargeable type, so it will not contribute to pollution of the environment
22. WORKING
The Soil Moisture sensor continuously monitors the moisture in the soil and sends that information
to the Arduino with values lying in the range 0 to 1023
If soil moisture content goes below a certain point, which is decided by the threshold value given in
the Arduino code, the Arduino signals the relay to turn ON the motor
The motor will remain ON till the moisture in the soil reaches required threshold
When the moisture in the soil reaches the require threshold, it will automatically turn OFF the
motor.
23. ADVANTAGES
Water Conservation.
Real time data.
Low operation cost.
Efficient and saves time.
Increase in productivity.
Reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.