Science 4

2. Recognize lungs and their functions
Explain the movements of breathing
Determine the common ailments that affect the lungs
Infer the effects of pollution, smoking, and inhaling
bacteria on the lungs.
Describe and practice ways of caring for the lungs.
- two stretchy and sponge-like
organs found on either side of your
chest. The
. Because
.
- It as they are filled with air and
as you release air.

3. 1. – a long tube at
the top part of the lungs.
2. – two large tube
where air travels from
trachea to the lungs.
3. – little
“branches” extending from
the main branch (bronchi).
4. – little bags
where the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide
takes place.

4. Air pass through the nose  trachea  bronchi 
bronchioles  alveoli.
As the air reaches alveoli, oxygen goes through the walls of
alveoli where capillaries is located (very small blood vessels
covering the alveoli), and enters to the red blood cells.
The blood bring the oxygen to the heart, which then pumps
the oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
The red blood cells unload the oxygen, then absorbs the
carbon dioxide in the cells, and bring the gas to alveoli,
which in turn release the gas as you breathe out.
When you breathe out, your lungs become smaller as they
release air.

5. , refers to a
group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and
breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema and
chronic bronchitis. COPD makes breathing difficult for the 16
million Americans who have this disease.
is the main cause of COPD and is
thought to be responsible for around 9 in every 10 cases.
The harmful chemicals in smoke can damage the lining of
the lungs and airways. Stopping smoking can help prevent
COPD from getting worse.

6. •Shortness of breath,
especially during physical
activities.
•Wheezing.
•Chest tightness.
•A chronic cough that may
produce mucus (sputum)
that may be clear, white,
yellow or greenish.
•Frequent respiratory
infections.
•Lack of energy.
•Unintended weight loss (in
later stages)

7. 1. Keep away from dirty and dusty places.
2. Keep away from overcrowded areas where you can get
airborne diseases.
3. Never use other people’s personal things to avoid
contamination of diseases that harm the lungs.
4. Eat nutritious food and get enough rest and sleep.
5. Engage in physical activities, exercises, and sports.
6. Avoid places that are polluted and those in which harmful
chemicals like paint, paint thinners, and solvents are kept.