The respiratory system performs three important functions for the air we breathe: warming it, moistening it, and filtering it. It is made up of the nasal passage, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The lungs contain no muscle tissue, so breathing is driven by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles increasing and decreasing the space in the chest cavity. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to extract energy from foods through the breakdown of glucose.

1. Respiratory System Very nice!

2. Nasal Passage Does three things to the air we breathe including: A) Warming B) Moistens C) Filters Why should you inhale through your nose especially while exercising?

4. Pharynx Common passage that is immediately behind both the oral and nasal cavities. Passageway for food and air . Allows us to breathe and chew at the same time.

6. Epiglottis Protective flap that prevents food from entering and blocking your airway. Action

8. larynx The larynx or voice box house structures called the vocal cords . The vocal cords vibrate when air passes by them and produce sound . Long and thick cords vibrate slowly and produce a low frequency sound. Short and thin cords vibrate quickly and produce a high frequency sound. Why do men generally have lower pitch voices?

9. Inhaling Gases Why do you sound like Alvin and the Chipmunks when you inhale helium Gas ? Helium is less dense than air. The cords can vibrate faster and the pitch is high. Does helium gas kill brain cells? NO Why do 9 out of 10 moms recommend not inhaling helium? Inhaling helium means you are not inhaling oxygen.

10. Trachea Your trachea or windpipe is simply a passageway that brings air to your lungs. Cartilage rings prevent the passageway from collapsing. Tracheotomy - A procedure that creates a opening in the trachea allowing a person to breathe.

12. Trachea Lining Cilia- Hair-like structures that move back and forth in order remove foreign material. Goblet Cells- Produce mucus that help trap foreign material. How does swallowing help clear our lungs? Why do smokers develop “smokers cough”?

13. Bronchi and Bronchioles Bronchi- The trachea splits in two bronchi that supply the left and right lungs with air. Bronchioles- The bronchi branch and forming smaller passageways called bronchioles.

16. Alveoli Tiny air sacs in the lungs. Site of the diffusion of O 2 and CO 2 . Diffusion- The process of a substance going from a high concentration to a low concentration.

18. Did you ever wonder? How can performing CPR (mouth to mouth) save someone's life? Inhaled Air- O 2 = 21% / CO 2 = .04% Exhaled Air- O 2 = 15% / CO 2 = 4% There is sufficient oxygen to keep someone else alive.

19. Breathing Regulation Two components of the brain control the rate of breathing Pons Medulla oblongata The primary gas that is monitored is CO 2 . O 2 is secondary. Average rate = 10-14/min (5-7L of air) Physical activity can increase the rate to 40/min (80-120L of air)

22. Your brain in action! Determine your “normal” resting rate: Count the number of breaths in 20 seconds and multiply by 3 = _______ Now breathe deeply three times. Count the number of breaths in 20 seconds and multiply by 3 = _______

23. Breathing Continued The lungs contain no muscle tissue. How do they move? Inhaling: The diaphragm pushes down and intercostal muscles push the chest outward. The space between the chest cavity and lungs increases . This decreases the pressure on the lungs and they expand.

24. Exhaling: The diaphragm relaxes (moves up) and the chest cavity relaxes (moves in). The space between the lungs and the chest cavity decreases . This increases the pressure on the lungs and they contract.

25. Why We Breathe Cellular Respiration = C 6 H 12 O6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy (ATP) Oxygen allows us to extract the energy from the foods we eat. Photosynthesis = CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 (SUN)

26. Respiratory Conditions Emphysema Tissue that supports the alveoli deteriorates . The alveoli cannot perform its function. Taking in O 2 becomes more difficult. Lung tissue looks “spongy” containing many air spaces. Often caused by smoking .

28. Asthma Inflammatory disease of the bronchioles. Bronchioles constrict and fill with mucus. Symptoms: Shortness of breath Tightness of chest Coughing Wheezing

30. Triggers Outdoor Moulds Pollen Cold air Exercise Indoor Moulds Dust mites Exercise

31. Medication Short Term Called “ relievers ”, they help to open the bronchioles. Taken when needed . Long Term Called “ controllers ”, contain steroids that help prevent inflammation. Often taken once a day .

34. Lung Capacity Tidal Volume- The volume of air you normally inhale and exhale. =.5L Vital Capacity- The volume of air that can be exhaled after inhaling deeply. =5L Residual Volume- The volume of air remaining in the lungs after exhaling deeply. = 1L Lung Capacity = Vital Capacity + Residual Volume