Renewable energy sources ,solarenergy,wind energy,bio energy

1. Prepared By:-
RAVEENDRA BAGADE
Lecturer In Physics
S.G.Degree College
Koppal-583231
(As per VSKUniversity physics6.1
paper for BSc students)

2. Renewable energy and Non-
renewable energy
• Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources
that are essentially inexhaustible. Examples of
renewable resources include wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, tidal power and hydroelectric
power. The most important features of renewable
energy is that it can be harnessed without the release
of harmful pollutants.
• Non-renewable energy is the conventional fossil fuels
such as coal, oil and gas, which are likely to deplete
with time.

3. Renewable and Non-renewable energy

4. Energy:
 Energy broadly means the capacity of something, a person, an animal or a
physical system to do work and produce change.
 Used in science to describe how much potential a physical system has to
change.
Sources of Energy.
Conventional sourcesof
energy
Non conventional
sources of energy

5. Non Conventional Energy sources:
Those energy sources which are renewable
and ecologically safe.
such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass
energy, ocean energy (tidal energy, wave
energy, ocean thermal energy), geothermal
energy, nuclear energy etc.
Some sources of energy are non renewable
like coal, petroleum and natural gas.

6.  About 16% of global final energy consumption comes
from renewable, with 10% coming from traditional
biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4%
from hydroelectricity.
 N e w renewable (small hydro, modern biomass, wind,
solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another
3% and are growing very rapidly.
 T h e share of renewable in electricity generation is
around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming
from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewable.

7. WIND ENERGY

8. Wind energy :-
 Airflows can be used to run wind turbines.
 Wind energy is used in wind mills which converts the kinetic
energy ofthe wind into mechanical or electrical energy.
 The kinetic energy of wind can be used to do mechanical work like
lifting water from wells or grinding grains in flour mills.
 A single wind mill produces only a small amount of electricity.
 large number of wind mills in a large area are coupled
together to
produce more electricity in wind energy farms.
 The minimum wind speed required is15km/hr.
 At present Wind power potential of India is 1020 MW
 Largest wind farm is near Kanyakumari in Tamilnadu generate

9. Wind farm

10. Advantages :-
 It is a renewable source of energy.
 It does not cause pollution.
The recurring cost isless.
Once the wind turbine is built the
energy it produces does not cause green
house gases
Disadvantages :-
 Wind is not available at all times.
 It requires a large area of land.
A minimum wind speed of 15 km/h is
required.

12. Solar energy :-
 energy obtained from the
sun inthe form of heat and
light.
Energy derived in the form of
solar radiation.
 T h e solar energy received by
thenear earth space is
approximately
1.4 kilojoules/second known
as solar constant
 T h e heat energy is used in
solar heating devices like solar
cooker, solar water heater, solar

13. Solar energy Applications

14. Various technologies in which solar
energy can be used:-
Solar cookers
Solar hot watersystems
Solar dryers
Solar airheaters
Solar desalinationsystems
Solar batteries

15. Solar water heater :-
 A solar water heater has an
insulated box painted black
inside with a system of
copper tubes.
 I t is covered with a glass plate
which allows heat to enter
inside but does not allow heat
to escape out.
When water flows through
the copper tube it absorbs
heat and becomes hot.

16. Solar cell
 Device which converts solar
energy into electrical energy.
 Solar cells are made from
semi conductors like silicon,
germanium, gallium etc.
 A single solar cell produces a
voltage of about 0.5 to 1 V
and produces about 0.7 W
electricity.
 several solar cells are
arranged in a solar panel to
produce more electricity.

17. SOLAR PANELS SOLAR LAMP

18. After initialinvestment, all the electricity you produce is
free.
 I t is abundant.
 I t is everlasting.
 I t is available almost everywhere.
 I t is free from political barriers.
 Incentives and rebates from governments and utility
companies offset the initial investment.
Reduce or completely eliminate your electricbill.
Cost of solar panels are decreasing while efficiencyis
increasing.
Advantages of Solar Energy

20. Biogas plant :-
 Mixture of gases containing methane, carbon dioxide,
hydrogen andhydrogen sulphide.
 It is produced by anaerobic degradation of animal waste.
 Anaerobic degradation means break down of organic matter by
bacteria inthe absence of oxygen.
 The biogas plant has a large underground tank made of
bricks andcement.
 The lower part is the digester and the upper part has a dome with
a gasoutlet.

21.  Animal dung is mixed with water in the mixing tank and the slurry is
sen
t into the digester.
 The gas is taken out through the gas outlet and used for
heating andlighting purposes.
 The slurry left behind is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus and is
used asmanure for crops.
 From cattle dung alone we can produce biogas of a magnitude of
22,500 MW annually.
 A sixty cubic feet gobar gas plant can serve the needs of one
average family.
 This gas contains 55 – 70 percent methane, which is inflammable
and it isgenerally used as cooking gas and for generation of

22. FIXED DOME TYPE BIOGAS PLANT

23. Advantages of Biogas
Clean, non-polluting and cheap
Direct supply of gas from tank.
 N o maintencecost
Does not cause any health hazard.
provides us both the fuel and the manure.

24. TIDAL ENERGY

25. Tidal energy :-
 Produced by gravitational forces of sun and moon.
 Produced by making the use of water movement from a high tide to
a lowtide.
 The high tide to a low tide refers to the rise and fall of water in the
ocean.
 A difference of several meters is required between the high and low
tide.
 Ocean waves and tides can be made to turn a turbine and
generate electricity.
 Areas where rivers flow into the sea experience waves and

26. Tidal energy:-

27.  A s you know we have a large coastline and major river
systems in our country, electricity can be generated on a
large scale from waves and tides.
 T h e periodic rise and fall of sea level due to
gravitational attraction of the moon causes tides.
 A Tidal barrage is constructed at a narrow opening
between the land and sea.
 T h e movement of water during high tide and low tide
canbeused to rotate the turbines of generators to
produce electricity.
Tidal power site In india :-gulf of cambay, gulf of Kutch
and thesunder bans delta.

28. Biofuel:-
Biofuels include a wide range of fuels which are
derived from biomass.
 T h e term covers solid biomass, liquid
fuelsandvarious biogases.
Liquid biofuels include bioalcohols, such as
bioethanol, andoils, such as biodiesel.
Gaseous biofuels include biogas, landfill gas and
synthetic gas .
Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermenting the
sugar components of plant materials and it is made
mostly from sugar and starch crops.
Trees and grasses, are also used as feedstock for
ethanol production. Ethanol can be used as a fuel for
vehicles in its pure form.

29.  Bioethanol is widely used in the USA
and inBrazil.
 Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils ,
animal fats or recycled greases.
 Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles
in itspure form, usually used as a diesel
additive to reduce levels of particulates,
carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons from
diesel-powered vehicles.
 Biodiesel is produced from oils or
fats using trans esterification and is
the most common biofuel in Europe.
 Biofuels provided 2.7% of the
world's transport fuel in 2010.

30. Advantages of Bio-diesel
 I t is an agriculture based fuel substitute.
 It can be made from both vegetable oil and animal
fats.
 It can be used without major modifications in
engines.
 It does not need separate infrastructure for storage
anddelivery.
 Handling bio-diesel is safer.
 It’s combustion emits less carbon monoxide,
sulphates, unburnt hydrocarbons and particulate
matters, thus reduces air pollution.

31. Conservation and Use of Natural Resources
Minimize exploitation of non-renewable energy
resources.
Emphasis on use of renewable sources of energy.
 Stop wastage of energy.
 Creating awareness among people regarding
wise andjudicious use of energy.
More use of bio-mass based energy