Hemophilia and Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by a genetic mutation preventing proper blood clotting. It is characterized by excessive bleeding from injuries, joints, muscles, or internal organs. The standard treatment is replacing the deficient clotting factor through injections to allow proper blood clotting.
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BLEEDING AND CLOTTING DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION
• Blood must be maintained in a fluid state in order to function as a transport system, but must be able to solidify to form a clot following vascular injury.
• Successful haemostasis is achieved by complex interactions between vascular endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors etc.
HAEMOSTASIS
• The term haemostasis is derived from the Greek word haem= blood and stasis=halt.
• Process of stoppage of bleeding after blood vessels are punctured , cut , or otherwise damaged.
• It is a complex natural physiological response.
• Bleeding disorders are due to altered ability of blood vessels, platelets , and coagulation factors to maintain haemostasis.
• Steps of natural haemostasis:
• Pre-injury conditions-> Early haemostatic response-> Fibrin clot formation-> Limiting clot formation-> Fibrinolysis
Clotting disorders 1/ dental implant courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bleeding and clotting disorders
This document discusses bleeding and clotting disorders. It describes various causes of excessive bleeding such as vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia. It also discusses thromboembolic conditions that result from blood clots forming in vessels. Tests for bleeding disorders are mentioned, including bleeding time, clotting time, and prothrombin time. Therapies for certain conditions are also noted, such as using tissue plasminogen activator to dissolve blood clots or treating hemophilia with purified Factor VIII injections.
Blood
There are several good reasons to avoid using homologous blood, including increased infection rates, increased bleeding tendency, and potential transmission of diseases. Medtronic's autoLog Autotransfusion System allows for autologous blood transfusion and helps reduce perioperative blood loss. A study found that patients who received autologous blood transfusion through the autoLog system had significantly less blood loss and smaller decreases in hemoglobin levels compared to a control group. AutoLog is therefore a safe and effective way to reduce blood loss in total hip arthroplasty.
DIC
1) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition where abnormal blood clotting occurs throughout the body's blood vessels, consuming platelets and clotting factors and eventually causing bleeding.
2) DIC is caused by underlying conditions such as infection, injury, cancer or shock and results in microclots forming in small blood vessels.
3) Symptoms of DIC include bleeding, organ dysfunction, and low platelet and clotting factor levels. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause as well as replacing clotting factors and platelets if serious bleeding occurs.
Anti coagulants
This document discusses anticoagulants and provides information about coagulation, coagulants, and anticoagulants. It then describes different types of vacutainers used for collecting blood based on their color and additive, including what tests each is used for. It also lists the functions of components commonly added to vacutainers like citrate, sodium diphosphate, and dextrose.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low platelet counts. It has many potential causes, including decreased platelet production in the bone marrow due to things like cancer, viruses, medications, or liver/kidney disease. It can also be caused by increased platelet destruction, such as in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Symptoms range from bruising and bleeding to internal bleeding in severe cases. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check the platelet count and rule out underlying conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, splenectomy, platelet transfusions, or changing medications that are causing the low platelet count.
Case study thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low platelet count. It can be caused by bone marrow disorders, immune system problems, or certain medications as side effects. Symptoms range from mild bruising to internal bleeding. Diagnosis involves blood tests to determine platelet count. Treatment may include blood transfusions, medications to boost platelet count, or spleen removal in severe cases.
Recommended
BLEEDING AND CLOTTING DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION
• Blood must be maintained in a fluid state in order to function as a transport system, but must be able to solidify to form a clot following vascular injury.
• Successful haemostasis is achieved by complex interactions between vascular endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors etc.
HAEMOSTASIS
• The term haemostasis is derived from the Greek word haem= blood and stasis=halt.
• Process of stoppage of bleeding after blood vessels are punctured , cut , or otherwise damaged.
• It is a complex natural physiological response.
• Bleeding disorders are due to altered ability of blood vessels, platelets , and coagulation factors to maintain haemostasis.
• Steps of natural haemostasis:
• Pre-injury conditions-> Early haemostatic response-> Fibrin clot formation-> Limiting clot formation-> Fibrinolysis
Clotting disorders 1/ dental implant courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bleeding and clotting disorders
This document discusses bleeding and clotting disorders. It describes various causes of excessive bleeding such as vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia. It also discusses thromboembolic conditions that result from blood clots forming in vessels. Tests for bleeding disorders are mentioned, including bleeding time, clotting time, and prothrombin time. Therapies for certain conditions are also noted, such as using tissue plasminogen activator to dissolve blood clots or treating hemophilia with purified Factor VIII injections.
Blood
There are several good reasons to avoid using homologous blood, including increased infection rates, increased bleeding tendency, and potential transmission of diseases. Medtronic's autoLog Autotransfusion System allows for autologous blood transfusion and helps reduce perioperative blood loss. A study found that patients who received autologous blood transfusion through the autoLog system had significantly less blood loss and smaller decreases in hemoglobin levels compared to a control group. AutoLog is therefore a safe and effective way to reduce blood loss in total hip arthroplasty.
DIC
1) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition where abnormal blood clotting occurs throughout the body's blood vessels, consuming platelets and clotting factors and eventually causing bleeding.
2) DIC is caused by underlying conditions such as infection, injury, cancer or shock and results in microclots forming in small blood vessels.
3) Symptoms of DIC include bleeding, organ dysfunction, and low platelet and clotting factor levels. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause as well as replacing clotting factors and platelets if serious bleeding occurs.
Anti coagulants
This document discusses anticoagulants and provides information about coagulation, coagulants, and anticoagulants. It then describes different types of vacutainers used for collecting blood based on their color and additive, including what tests each is used for. It also lists the functions of components commonly added to vacutainers like citrate, sodium diphosphate, and dextrose.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low platelet counts. It has many potential causes, including decreased platelet production in the bone marrow due to things like cancer, viruses, medications, or liver/kidney disease. It can also be caused by increased platelet destruction, such as in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Symptoms range from bruising and bleeding to internal bleeding in severe cases. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check the platelet count and rule out underlying conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, splenectomy, platelet transfusions, or changing medications that are causing the low platelet count.
Case study thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low platelet count. It can be caused by bone marrow disorders, immune system problems, or certain medications as side effects. Symptoms range from mild bruising to internal bleeding. Diagnosis involves blood tests to determine platelet count. Treatment may include blood transfusions, medications to boost platelet count, or spleen removal in severe cases.
Hemoglobin and Level of Hemoglobin Required in the Body
Hemoglobin is a protein present in the red blood cells. The red color pigmentation of the blood is because of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying protein that circulates throughout the blood.
bleedig & clotting disorders
This document provides an overview of bleeding and clotting disorders, including:
- The normal mechanism of blood coagulation involving primary and secondary hemostasis.
- Types of hemorrhages such as petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis.
- Laboratory tests used to evaluate bleeding disorders including platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time.
- Inherited bleeding disorders like hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease.
- Considerations for dental treatment of patients with bleeding disorders.
Haemostatic agent used in dentistry to control bleeding
Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding. The key phases are primary hemostasis involving platelet plug formation and secondary hemostasis involving the coagulation cascade and fibrin clot formation. Several factors can influence surgical bleeding relating to the procedure, patient, and anatomical site. A variety of hemostatic agents exist to help control bleeding, including mechanical methods, energy-based methods, pharmacological agents, topical agents that are passive or active, and sealants. The ideal hemostatic agent stops bleeding quickly, is easy to use, durable, and safe.
Bleeding disorders
This document discusses platelet disorders, coagulation disorders, and vascular disorders that cause purpura. It describes thrombocytopenic purpura which is caused by a platelet deficiency, and thrombasthenic purpura which is a functional platelet disorder. Coagulation disorders discussed include hemophilia A, B, and C which are hereditary deficiencies in coagulation factors VIII, IX, and XI respectively. Tests to detect defects in platelet function and coagulation pathways are also outlined.
hemorrhagic diathesis & hematological melignancy
This document discusses various types of hemorrhagic diathesis including hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, hemoblastosis, and acute and chronic leukemia. It provides diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for each condition. Hemophilia is described as a congenital bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in coagulation factors. Thrombocytopenia involves a low platelet count and can cause bruising. Hemoblastosis refers to cancers of the blood system including acute and chronic forms of leukemia.
[Int. med] bleeding disorders from SIMS Lahore
This document discusses bleeding and clotting disorders. It provides details on:
1. The normal physiology of hemostasis including vascular, platelet and plasma factors that prevent bleeding.
2. Specific platelet and plasma factor deficiencies that can cause bleeding disorders.
3. The classification of bleeding disorders into defects of blood vessels, platelet disorders, and clotting factor deficiencies.
4. Diagnostic tests for evaluating bleeding patients including screening coagulation tests, specific factor assays, and platelet function tests.
Bleeding disorder
Bleeding disorders are medical conditions that cause abnormal or excessive bleeding due to defects in the blood clotting process. The document discusses the main types of bleeding disorders: platelet disorders like thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis; vessel wall abnormalities like scurvy and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; and clotting disorders like hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease. Specific conditions are defined and their signs, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and dental implications are explained. The document provides an overview of different bleeding disorders, their etiology and clinical manifestations.
Oral consideration and laboratory investigations of bleeding and clotting dis...
This document provides information on bleeding and clotting disorders. It discusses the pathophysiology of hemostasis including the vascular, platelet, coagulation, and fibrinolytic phases. It describes different types of bleeding disorders like vessel wall disorders, platelet disorders, and coagulation disorders. Laboratory tests for identifying bleeding disorders are outlined. Oral manifestations and dental considerations for management are summarized. Local hemostatic agents and systemic agents for different bleeding disorders are also mentioned.
Bleeding diathesis dr . Thamir alotaify
Bleeding diathesis refers to a group of hematological diseases that interfere with normal hemostasis and cause a bleeding tendency. There are two main types: hypocoagulability and hypercoagulability. Normal hemostasis involves vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and coagulation cascade in response to hemorrhage. Bleeding disorders can be caused by abnormalities in vasculature, platelets, or coagulation factors. Clinical features depend on whether the disorder affects platelets or coagulation factors, and include petechiae, ecchymoses, hemarthrosis, and hematomas. Treatment involves corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, splenectomy, immunosuppress
Diseases involving blood platelets
This document summarizes several diseases involving platelets. It discusses thrombocytopenia, which is a low platelet count and can be primary or secondary. Primary thrombocytopenia is often autoimmune while secondary can result from bone marrow infiltration, infection, or medication. Purpura is bruising or bleeding into the skin and can be thrombocytopenic or non-thrombocytopenic. Other diseases discussed include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, familial thrombocythemia, and thrombocytopathic purpura. The document provides details on causes, clinical features, oral manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment for each condition.
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
DIC is one condition that always trouble patients and doctor, though its a nightmare for any clinician , its also a potent question in both UG and PG exams. I hope this will help you in answering those questions well.
Bleeding
This document discusses various causes of hemorrhagic diathesis, or increased bleeding tendency. It describes vessel wall abnormalities that can cause less serious bleeding with normal coagulation tests. These include microbial damage, scurvy, drugs, and amyloid infiltration. Thrombocytopenia can also cause bleeding and can result from decreased platelet production or survival. Specific causes mentioned include immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children and adults. Thrombotic microangiopathies like thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome involve microthrombi formation and can lead to multiple organ failure.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is most frequently encountered Hematological problem in hospitalized patients. The most common causes and differential diagnosis of In-patient and Outpatient presentations of Thrombocytopenia is discussed here. Useful for Internal Medicine Boards . Archer Internal Medicine Board review lectures will be released soon.
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by variants or missing genes that affect hemoglobin production. This results in reduced red blood cells and mild to severe anemia. There are two main types - alpha and beta thalassemia. Symptoms range from none in minor cases to severe anemia requiring transfusions in major cases. Investigations include blood tests to check hemoglobin levels, red blood cell size and count, and hemoglobin electrophoresis to confirm the diagnosis. Management focuses on blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent organ damage from excess iron.
Common bleeding and clotting disorders
Bleeding disorders result from problems with blood clotting and can range from mild to life-threatening. The coagulation cascade describes the series of biochemical reactions involved in clotting. There are two pathways - intrinsic and extrinsic - that activate clotting factors and ultimately form a fibrin clot. Common symptoms include bruising, nosebleeds, and heavy periods. Investigations may include blood tests of clotting factors and bleeding time. Specific deficiencies are diagnosed through factor assays and gene analysis. Treatment depends on the underlying condition.
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1. The document discusses various bleeding disorders, their causes, symptoms, and treatments. It describes disorders of platelets like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and disorders of coagulation factors like hemophilia A.
2. Diagnostic tests for bleeding disorders include complete blood count, platelet count, aPTT, PT, and bleeding time. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include platelet transfusions, steroids, IVIG, splenectomy, clotting factor replacement, and controlling any precipitating conditions.
3. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be triggered by sepsis, trauma, malignancy and results from activation
Platelet disorders
Primary and Secondary Hemostasis is Discussed
This is a copy of a lecture provided as an overview of platelet disorders for board preparation to the MercyOne Des Moines Internal Medicine Residency
Haemolytic anaemias lecture for v yr mbbs
Haemolytic anaemia refers to the pathological breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs). There are many potential causes, both inherited and acquired. Inherited causes include defects in the RBC membrane proteins or enzymes, leading to chronic haemolysis. Acquired causes include autoimmune haemolysis where antibodies destroy RBCs, and alloimmune haemolysis following blood transfusions. Investigation involves blood film examination for abnormal RBCs and the Coombs test to detect antibodies. Management depends on the underlying cause but may include transfusions, steroids, splenectomy or immunosuppression.
Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants are substances that prevent blood from clotting by suppressing clotting factors. There are two main types: heparin and vitamin K antagonists like warfarin. Anticoagulants are important for embalming as they help keep blood in a liquid state, allowing for drainage and preventing blockages during the embalming process. Kelquestrol D3 is an example of an anticoagulant fluid used in embalming to maintain blood fluidity and condition water used in the process. Anticoagulants are a key component of arterial fluids but do not dissolve existing clots.
Hema practical 03 coagulation
This document discusses various laboratory tests used to investigate hemostasis and coagulation disorders. It outlines five primary screening tests, including platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrinogen level. More specific coagulation factor assays and tests of fibrinolysis are also mentioned. Details are provided on procedures for common coagulation tests like PT, PTT, thrombin time (TT) and activated coagulation time (ACT). The document discusses the clinical implications of abnormal results and potential interfering factors for interpretation.
Investigation of bleeding disorder || bleeding disorder
This document discusses abnormal bleeding and its investigation and management. It begins by outlining the components involved in hemostasis and some common causes of abnormal bleeding such as vascular, platelet, and coagulation disorders. It then describes various screening and confirmatory tests used to evaluate bleeding disorders, including tests for platelets, coagulation factors, and von Willebrand factor. The document concludes by discussing treatment approaches for bleeding patients such as blood product transfusions and medications.
Components of blood and blood clotting mechanism
This document provides an overview of the components of blood and the blood clotting mechanism. It discusses the properties and composition of blood, the constituents of plasma including plasma proteins, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It then describes the process of hemostasis and blood coagulation, how a blood clot is formed, and various tests for blood clotting. It also reviews different anticoagulant drugs and considerations for managing patients on anticoagulant therapy in dental practice.
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Hemoglobin and Level of Hemoglobin Required in the Body
Hemoglobin is a protein present in the red blood cells. The red color pigmentation of the blood is because of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying protein that circulates throughout the blood.
bleedig & clotting disorders
This document provides an overview of bleeding and clotting disorders, including:
- The normal mechanism of blood coagulation involving primary and secondary hemostasis.
- Types of hemorrhages such as petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis.
- Laboratory tests used to evaluate bleeding disorders including platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time.
- Inherited bleeding disorders like hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease.
- Considerations for dental treatment of patients with bleeding disorders.
Haemostatic agent used in dentistry to control bleeding
Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding. The key phases are primary hemostasis involving platelet plug formation and secondary hemostasis involving the coagulation cascade and fibrin clot formation. Several factors can influence surgical bleeding relating to the procedure, patient, and anatomical site. A variety of hemostatic agents exist to help control bleeding, including mechanical methods, energy-based methods, pharmacological agents, topical agents that are passive or active, and sealants. The ideal hemostatic agent stops bleeding quickly, is easy to use, durable, and safe.
Bleeding disorders
This document discusses platelet disorders, coagulation disorders, and vascular disorders that cause purpura. It describes thrombocytopenic purpura which is caused by a platelet deficiency, and thrombasthenic purpura which is a functional platelet disorder. Coagulation disorders discussed include hemophilia A, B, and C which are hereditary deficiencies in coagulation factors VIII, IX, and XI respectively. Tests to detect defects in platelet function and coagulation pathways are also outlined.
hemorrhagic diathesis & hematological melignancy
This document discusses various types of hemorrhagic diathesis including hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, hemoblastosis, and acute and chronic leukemia. It provides diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for each condition. Hemophilia is described as a congenital bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in coagulation factors. Thrombocytopenia involves a low platelet count and can cause bruising. Hemoblastosis refers to cancers of the blood system including acute and chronic forms of leukemia.
[Int. med] bleeding disorders from SIMS Lahore
This document discusses bleeding and clotting disorders. It provides details on:
1. The normal physiology of hemostasis including vascular, platelet and plasma factors that prevent bleeding.
2. Specific platelet and plasma factor deficiencies that can cause bleeding disorders.
3. The classification of bleeding disorders into defects of blood vessels, platelet disorders, and clotting factor deficiencies.
4. Diagnostic tests for evaluating bleeding patients including screening coagulation tests, specific factor assays, and platelet function tests.
Bleeding disorder
Bleeding disorders are medical conditions that cause abnormal or excessive bleeding due to defects in the blood clotting process. The document discusses the main types of bleeding disorders: platelet disorders like thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis; vessel wall abnormalities like scurvy and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; and clotting disorders like hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease. Specific conditions are defined and their signs, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and dental implications are explained. The document provides an overview of different bleeding disorders, their etiology and clinical manifestations.
Oral consideration and laboratory investigations of bleeding and clotting dis...
This document provides information on bleeding and clotting disorders. It discusses the pathophysiology of hemostasis including the vascular, platelet, coagulation, and fibrinolytic phases. It describes different types of bleeding disorders like vessel wall disorders, platelet disorders, and coagulation disorders. Laboratory tests for identifying bleeding disorders are outlined. Oral manifestations and dental considerations for management are summarized. Local hemostatic agents and systemic agents for different bleeding disorders are also mentioned.
Bleeding diathesis dr . Thamir alotaify
Bleeding diathesis refers to a group of hematological diseases that interfere with normal hemostasis and cause a bleeding tendency. There are two main types: hypocoagulability and hypercoagulability. Normal hemostasis involves vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and coagulation cascade in response to hemorrhage. Bleeding disorders can be caused by abnormalities in vasculature, platelets, or coagulation factors. Clinical features depend on whether the disorder affects platelets or coagulation factors, and include petechiae, ecchymoses, hemarthrosis, and hematomas. Treatment involves corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, splenectomy, immunosuppress
Diseases involving blood platelets
This document summarizes several diseases involving platelets. It discusses thrombocytopenia, which is a low platelet count and can be primary or secondary. Primary thrombocytopenia is often autoimmune while secondary can result from bone marrow infiltration, infection, or medication. Purpura is bruising or bleeding into the skin and can be thrombocytopenic or non-thrombocytopenic. Other diseases discussed include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, familial thrombocythemia, and thrombocytopathic purpura. The document provides details on causes, clinical features, oral manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment for each condition.
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
DIC is one condition that always trouble patients and doctor, though its a nightmare for any clinician , its also a potent question in both UG and PG exams. I hope this will help you in answering those questions well.
Bleeding
This document discusses various causes of hemorrhagic diathesis, or increased bleeding tendency. It describes vessel wall abnormalities that can cause less serious bleeding with normal coagulation tests. These include microbial damage, scurvy, drugs, and amyloid infiltration. Thrombocytopenia can also cause bleeding and can result from decreased platelet production or survival. Specific causes mentioned include immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children and adults. Thrombotic microangiopathies like thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome involve microthrombi formation and can lead to multiple organ failure.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is most frequently encountered Hematological problem in hospitalized patients. The most common causes and differential diagnosis of In-patient and Outpatient presentations of Thrombocytopenia is discussed here. Useful for Internal Medicine Boards . Archer Internal Medicine Board review lectures will be released soon.
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by variants or missing genes that affect hemoglobin production. This results in reduced red blood cells and mild to severe anemia. There are two main types - alpha and beta thalassemia. Symptoms range from none in minor cases to severe anemia requiring transfusions in major cases. Investigations include blood tests to check hemoglobin levels, red blood cell size and count, and hemoglobin electrophoresis to confirm the diagnosis. Management focuses on blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent organ damage from excess iron.
Common bleeding and clotting disorders
Bleeding disorders result from problems with blood clotting and can range from mild to life-threatening. The coagulation cascade describes the series of biochemical reactions involved in clotting. There are two pathways - intrinsic and extrinsic - that activate clotting factors and ultimately form a fibrin clot. Common symptoms include bruising, nosebleeds, and heavy periods. Investigations may include blood tests of clotting factors and bleeding time. Specific deficiencies are diagnosed through factor assays and gene analysis. Treatment depends on the underlying condition.
medicine.Bleeding disorders.(dr.sabir) (new powerpoint)
1. The document discusses various bleeding disorders, their causes, symptoms, and treatments. It describes disorders of platelets like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and disorders of coagulation factors like hemophilia A.
2. Diagnostic tests for bleeding disorders include complete blood count, platelet count, aPTT, PT, and bleeding time. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include platelet transfusions, steroids, IVIG, splenectomy, clotting factor replacement, and controlling any precipitating conditions.
3. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be triggered by sepsis, trauma, malignancy and results from activation
Platelet disorders
Primary and Secondary Hemostasis is Discussed
This is a copy of a lecture provided as an overview of platelet disorders for board preparation to the MercyOne Des Moines Internal Medicine Residency
Haemolytic anaemias lecture for v yr mbbs
Haemolytic anaemia refers to the pathological breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs). There are many potential causes, both inherited and acquired. Inherited causes include defects in the RBC membrane proteins or enzymes, leading to chronic haemolysis. Acquired causes include autoimmune haemolysis where antibodies destroy RBCs, and alloimmune haemolysis following blood transfusions. Investigation involves blood film examination for abnormal RBCs and the Coombs test to detect antibodies. Management depends on the underlying cause but may include transfusions, steroids, splenectomy or immunosuppression.
Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants are substances that prevent blood from clotting by suppressing clotting factors. There are two main types: heparin and vitamin K antagonists like warfarin. Anticoagulants are important for embalming as they help keep blood in a liquid state, allowing for drainage and preventing blockages during the embalming process. Kelquestrol D3 is an example of an anticoagulant fluid used in embalming to maintain blood fluidity and condition water used in the process. Anticoagulants are a key component of arterial fluids but do not dissolve existing clots.
Hema practical 03 coagulation
This document discusses various laboratory tests used to investigate hemostasis and coagulation disorders. It outlines five primary screening tests, including platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrinogen level. More specific coagulation factor assays and tests of fibrinolysis are also mentioned. Details are provided on procedures for common coagulation tests like PT, PTT, thrombin time (TT) and activated coagulation time (ACT). The document discusses the clinical implications of abnormal results and potential interfering factors for interpretation.
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Similar to Hemophilia and Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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This document discusses abnormal bleeding and its investigation and management. It begins by outlining the components involved in hemostasis and some common causes of abnormal bleeding such as vascular, platelet, and coagulation disorders. It then describes various screening and confirmatory tests used to evaluate bleeding disorders, including tests for platelets, coagulation factors, and von Willebrand factor. The document concludes by discussing treatment approaches for bleeding patients such as blood product transfusions and medications.
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DEFINITION Hemostasis
STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS
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FACTORS INVOLVED IN BLOOD CLOTTING
SEQUENCE OF CLOTTING MECHANISM
BLOOD CLOT
ANTICLOTTING MECHANISM IN THE BODY
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The document discusses a case study involving a 6-month-old patient presenting with tiredness, weakness, irregular heartbeats, and delayed growth. Laboratory results show the patient has low red blood cell count. Through a group discussion, the diagnosis of thalassemia is determined based on the patient's genetic ethnic background, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin synthesis resulting in insufficient oxygen transport. Regular blood transfusions and chelation therapy are the primary treatments to manage the condition.
Bleeding Disorders: Classification and Diagnosis
This document discusses bleeding disorders, including their classification and diagnosis. It begins by introducing hemostasis and the coagulation cascade. Bleeding disorders are then classified into four categories: coagulation factor deficiencies, fibrinolytic defects, vascular disorders, and platelet disorders. The diagnosis of bleeding disorders involves considering clinical information like symptoms and family history, as well as laboratory tests such as bleeding time, platelet count, prothrombin time, and D-dimer level. Taking a thorough medical history is important for properly evaluating patients with potential bleeding disorders.
Bleeding disorders(Disorders of Platelets and vessel wall)
(1) Bleeding disorders refer to functional impairments in the normal hemostatic process that result in bleeding even without an anatomical cause.
(2) Common signs of bleeding disorders include petechiae, purpura, hemarthrosis, ecchymoses, and hematomas. Coagulation disorders particularly present with hemarthrosis.
(3) Causes of bleeding disorders include problems with the vascular, platelet, and coagulation phases of hemostasis. Qualitative and quantitative platelet disorders as well as inherited and acquired coagulation factor deficiencies can all result in a bleeding tendency.
prothrombin time
When a blood vessel ruptures, platelets collect at the site of injury to form a temporary plug. A series of coagulation factors then interact to convert fibrinogen into fibrin and form a blood clot. Bleeding disorders occur if coagulation factors are deficient or function improperly. The prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests evaluate the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways. An abnormal PT may indicate a deficiency in certain coagulation factors, while an abnormal PTT suggests a platelet or factor deficiency within the intrinsic pathway. Together these tests help diagnose the cause of bleeding disorders.
Thalassemia
This document discusses thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder characterized by reduced hemoglobin. There are two main types: alpha thalassemia affects alpha globin gene production, while beta thalassemia affects beta globin genes. Beta thalassemia includes three severities - minor, intermedia, and major ("Cooley's anemia"). Thalassemia is caused by mutations in genes responsible for hemoglobin production, leading to anemia. Management includes frequent blood transfusions, stem cell transplants, folic acid supplements, and monitoring for infections.
Common diagnostic & laboratory tests
This document discusses common laboratory tests and specimens. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to identify common laboratory specimens, routine tests and procedures, and some contrast media and endoscopic studies. It then provides details on common specimens like blood, urine, sputum, and stool. It describes several routine blood tests including complete blood count, blood chemistry, blood enzymes, blood tests to assess heart disease risk, and blood clotting tests. It also discusses urine tests and analysis as well as stool tests and analysis.
Clinical Applications Of Therapeutic Apheresis
This document discusses therapeutic apheresis, which involves separating blood components using centrifugation. It describes how plasma exchange is used to selectively remove plasma constituents like immunoglobulins, proteins, and metabolic waste from the blood to treat various conditions. Conditions treated include autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, hematologic diseases, and neurological disorders. The document outlines the ASFA guidelines for therapeutic apheresis indications and categories, procedures like plasma exchange and photopheresis, and considerations for evaluating new patients and managing risks.
Investigation of transfusion reaction
This document discusses the laboratory investigation of transfusion reactions. It begins by defining transfusion and transfusion reactions. It then outlines the initial measures taken before investigation, including maintaining IV saline and notifying physicians. The main laboratory investigations include clerical checks to identify errors, visual checks of plasma for hemolysis, and serology checks including ABO testing and direct antiglobulin testing on pre-and post-transfusion samples. If these preliminary tests have positive results, additional tests like grouping, antibody screening and crossmatching are repeated from before transfusion.
Blood investigations in Dental Practice.Dr Ayesha
This document discusses various hematological investigations that are sometimes required for diagnosis and treatment planning in dental practice. It describes tests like complete blood count, white blood cell count, differential leukocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and coagulation tests. The tests help detect abnormalities such as infections, anemia, and allergies. Proper collection of blood samples and interpretation of the test results are important for evaluating disorders related to the oral cavity.
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Investigation of bleeding disorder || bleeding disorder
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Hemophilia and Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- 2. DEFINITION Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder in which a person lacks or has low levels of certain proteins called “clotting factors” and the blood doesn’t clot properly as a result. This leads to excessive bleeding.
- 4. ETIOLOGY Hemophilia is caused by a mutation or change, in one of the genes.This change or mutation can prevent the clotting protein from working properly or to be missing altogether.
- 6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 1. Hemorrhage into the joints. 2. Bleeding into the skin (which is bruising). 3. Bleeding after having shots. 4. Blood in the urine 5. or stool.
- 8. Diagnosis Biographical data. Family history Patient history. Patient complane. Screening Tests ,The types of screening tests: 1. CBC. 2. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Test
- 10. Treatment • The best way to treat hemophilia is to replace the missing blood clotting factor so that the blood can clot properly. This is typically done by injecting treatment products, called clotting factor concentrates, into a person’s vein. Giving factor treatment products at home means that bleeds can be treated quicker, resulting in less serious bleeding and fewer side effects.
- 13. Hemolytic Anemia
- 14. Definition • Hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which RBCs are destroyed faster than they can be made. The destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. RBCs carry oxygen to all parts of your body.