Special Crime Scenes 1

2. Presented By : Yogita Pardeshi
Volunteer Of Applied Forensic
Research Sciences
Topic : Explain the Study of Some Special Crime
Scenes Such as Mass Disaster and Terror Attack
PART - 1

3. CONTENT
• Define crime scene investigation
• Sample that may be collected at a crime scene
• How crime scene investigation is conducted
• How and where test on the evidence are conducted

4. CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

5. What is crime scene?
A crime scene is any physical scene, anywhere, that may provide
potential evidence to an investigator. It may include a person’s body, any
type of building, vehicles, place in the open air or object Found at those
locations “crime scene examination” therefore refers to an examination
where forensic or scientific techniques are used to preserve and gather
physical evidence of crime.

6. Sample that may be collected at a crime scene
A Wide variety of physical evidence can be collected at a scene that is deemed valuable
for collection and investigation.
• Biological evidence (eg. Blood,body fluids,hair and other tissues)
• Latent print evidence (eg. Fingerprint,palm prints, footprints)
• Footwear and tire track evidence
• Digital evidence (eg. Cell phone records, internet logs,email messages)
• Trace evidence (eg. Fibers,soil, vegetation,glass fragments)
• Firearm evidence
• Drug evidence

7. The type of evidence collected will vary with the type of
crime.In the case of a burglary. For eg.it will would be
common to perform tasks in the other order listed below:
This will help ensure that evidence isn’t inadvertently damaged or destroyed
• Photograph and document the scene
• Collect trace material (especially from probable points of entry
• Collect low- level DNA evidence by swabbing areas of likely contact
• Collect other items that may contain biological evidence
• Locate and collect latent fingerprints

8. The no and type of professional responsible for investigating a
scene and collecting evidence largely depend on the type of crime
and resources of the law enforcement agency. Larger agencies
often have dedicated, highly trained crime scene specialist, while
smaller agencies may require that first responders or detective
process the scene in addition to their other duties.

9. In many Instance a case will be investigated by a detective who is
responsible for interviewing persons of interest and victims,
pursuing leads and piecing together the information that is
developed from the material collected at the scene. The detection
works in tandem with a team of crime scene personal who search the
scene and collect the evidence.The crime scene investigation team
may consist of a crime scene photographers and evidence collection
personnel specializing in gathering specific evidence such as latent
print, DNA, trace evidence and the like.

10. How a crime scene investigation is conducted ?
The circumstances that investigators encounter at the scene will largely
dictate the approach used to process the scene.A homicide will likely
require different treatment and processing than a burglary, however to
ensure a thought process,the seven steps outlined below are often
followed. These steps can be conducted in a different order, combined or
even skipped altogether to meet the needs of the situation.

11. The seven steps are :
• Establish the scene dimensions and identity potential safety and health hazards.
• Establish security
• Plan, communicate and coordinate
• Conduct a primary survey/ walk through
• Document and process the scene
• Conduct a secondary survey/review
• Record and preserve evidence

12. How and where tests on the evidence are
conducted:
The most probative evidence will be sent to either forensic laboratory or,
if the laboratory does not have an expert in that forensic discipline, to
an outside analyst for examination. To help identify the evidence that is
most valuable, the crime scene personnel may conduct initial screening
tests, called presumptive tests, at the scene.These tests can be useful in
determining the type of substance present whether it’s a toxin or a drug,
a strain that contains body fluids, or even whether a dried red substance
found in the kitchen is blood or ketchup.

13. Presumptive tests allow investigators to narrow the fields of
possibilities to a certain class of substance, but they are not specific
enough to confirm the presence of specific compounds.In addition
to helping provide dues to indicate how the crime occurred and
who may have been involved, presumptive tests can also help
reduce the quality of evidence that is submitted to the laboratory
to include only the most important items. This helps to expedite
processing at the laboratory.
As technology advances and devices become more portable and
affordable, additional testing. of evidence will likely be conducted
at the scene.

14. Role Of Forensic Science ln Mass
Disaster Management

15. THANK YOU