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1. Department in Pakistan
Faizana Naeem 13004065107
Mohammad Awais 13004065105
Mashal Khalid 13004065093
AbdulRehman Asghar 13004065074
Univerisety of management and technology
Lhr.

2. Introduction
• Crime is world phenomena and with course of time
it is going to be a complicated one.
• All over the world especially in technically
developed countries, criminologists, detectives are
adopting new methods to beat the crime through
latest criminal investigation techniques.
• But in the country like Pakistan the sources of
criminal investigation are mostly the same as were
in the past.

3. History
• forensic” comes from the Latin word “forensis”
meaning the “forum”
• Centuries back the forensic science has been
derived by solving mysterious cases.
• It has many definitions but it has a blind definition
that the application of scientific methodology to
solve legal problems, in other words it bring many
fields of science

4. NFSA
• NFSA is the latest and well equipped lab in the history of Pakistan to
facility criminal justice system
• It intend to provide quality and standard forensic services under one roof
• Keeping in view the importance of forensic sciences in criminal
investigation and criminal justice, Punjab Government established the
forensic Laboratory in Lahore which meets the international standards.
• The actual cost of the project RS.2448.469 million.
• In Sindh criminal investigation department came in to being as a small
branch.
• The laboratory will work under the forensic science agency within the
framework of the Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act.2007

5. Sub-Departments
• Crime Scene Investigation
• Computer Forensic Department
• Forensic Pathology
• Questioned Documents Department
• DNA & Serology Department
• Audio Visual Analysis Department
• Forensic Toxicology Department
• Trace Evidence Department
• Firearms & Tool Marks Department

6. Crime Scene Investigation
“The collection of information and evidence for
identifying, apprehending, and convicting suspected
offenders ”
• maintain the integrity of the evidence.
• The first police officer to arrive at a crime scene must take certain
steps to preserve the evidence. Only after this duty is performed,
analysis of the scene may begin.
• The steps include: ·
• Personal safety
• Organization of thoughts.
• Evaluate the severity of the situation.
• Identify all involved and uninvolved individuals in the area
• Be aware of weapons and hazards.
• Be aware of potential evidence
• Don’t touch anything unless necessary.

7. Investigation Facilities
in Pakistan
• National Forensic Science Agency, Islamabad
• Forensic Science Laboratory, Islamabad
• Forensic Science Laboratory, Lahore
• Chief Chemical Examiner, (Punjab), Lahore
• Chemical Examiner, Multan
• Chemical Examiner, Rawalpindi
• Forensic Science Laboratory, Karachi

8. DNA and Serology
• Biological evidence, which contains DNA, can connect an offender to a crime
scene.
• examine evidence from crime scenes to determine if biological material is present.
• DNA typing procedure to generate DNA profiles from crime scene evidence and
reference samples.
• Finally the DNA profiles of the crime scene evidence and suspects are matched
with each other to identify the perpetrator of the crime.
DNA typing services in the following cases.
• Crimes against a person
-Murder
-Rape
• Accidents
• Crimes against property

9. Potential Samples For Forensic DNA Analysis
• Clothes
• Items of personal use
• Facial tissue, cotton swab
• Toothpick
• Used cigarette butt
• Stamp or envelope
• Bottle, can, or glass
• Bite mark
• Bones, Teeth
• Hair

10. Current capabilities of forensic DNA profiling in Pakistan
• Currently few forensic laboratories are available for DNA
profiling in Pakistan such as :
National Forensic Science Agency
Punjab Forensic Science Agency
Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB)
• DNA Forensic Laboratory, but unfortunately these labs are still
not well developed.
• Efficient and well-functioning Forensic DNA laboratories
are necessary in Pakistan to overcome crimes and Terrorism
• Pakistani citizens have stronger desires for DNA profiling
• government of Pakistan is trying to develop a national DNA
database of all its citizens

11. Gaps and flaws in DNA profiling in Pakistan
• There are so many gaps and flaws in DNA profiling
in Pakistan.
• These are lack of experts in this field
• lack of funds and chain of custody, inadequate
training and equipment
• lack of awareness
• no communication between forensic DNA analysts
with forensic DNA researchers.
• Pakistani DNA analysts are not updated with the
current DNA research work in forensics.

12. Case
• Attack on Pakistan Naval Shipping Mehran Base
• DNA tests were carried out to identify the terrorists
• But it was found that the terrorists were not
registered Pakistanis because their profiles were not
matched with the NADRA database

13. Computer Forensic
Computer forensics is a branch of Forensic Science
related to evidence found in computer systems and
digital storage medium.
• It is to perform forensic investigation on digital
evidence
• maintaining the documented chain of custody
• There are two branches of computer forensic:
-Cybercrime
-Digital Evidence

14. Activity in which computers or networks
are at target, or a place of criminal activity.
• Its about use of computer for:
o Committing fraud
o Stealing identities
o Violating privacy

15. Cyber crimes
“Activity in which computers or networks are a tool, a
target, or a place of criminal activity.”
Its about use of computer for:
o Financial Crimes
o • Cyber Pornography
o • Intellectual Property Crimes
o • Email Spoofing
o • Unauthorized access to Network
o • Theft of Information Stored in Electronic Form
o • Spread of Virus

16. Case:
•

17. Digital evidence
• Digital evidence is information and data of value to
an investigation that is stored on, received, or
transmitted by an electronic device.
• Documents
• Spreadsheets
• Emails
• Programs
• Attachments
• Databases
• Internet Activity
• Temporary Files

18. Services of Computer Forensics unit
• Recovery of deleted digital data in case of damaged
hardware that may have evidentiary value
• Recovery of deleted digital data in case of software
failure that may have evidentiary value.
• Forensic Analysis of retrieved and/or submitted media.
• Scientific examination and analysis of Digital Storage
Media
• Forensic Analysis of Mobile Phones collection
• Preservation and transport of Digital evidence

19. Cases
•

20. Questioned Documents
• Document about which a question has been raised
in the court of law.
• These examinations can take many forms.
• They include the examination of handwriting and
signature to determine its author
• the examination of typewriting
• the examination of altered documents
• the examination of indentations on paper
• the non destructive examination of inks and other
types of examinations.

21. Common Questioned Documents
o Property registry
o Letters
o Checks
o Contracts
o Wills
o Marriage Certificates
o Contract agreements
o Passports/ Travel
o Documents
o Threatening letters
o Suicide notes
o Drivers Licenses

22. Helping legal system by:
• Identifying alterations in documents like cheques,
wills, and agreements.
• Handwriting comparison and examination
• of indentations.
• Examinations of fake documents like counterfeit
currency and travel documents
• Charred Documents

23. Cases Involving Questioned
Documents
• Forgery
• Counterfeiting
• Mail fraud
• Kidnapping
• Embezzlement
• Organized crime
• White collar crime
• Art crimes
• Theft
• Arson
• Burglary
• Homicide
• Serial murder
• Robbery

24. Case

25. Pathology
• The Department of Forensic Pathology is
responsible for determining the cause and manner
of death
• Investigation of sudden, violent, suspicious and
unexpected deaths.
• Services Provided by Forensic Pathology
Department
• Well established and state of the art autopsy hall is
available for postmortem examination.
• Forensic pathology also has an additional autopsy
room for the postmortem of decomposed bodies.

26. • Fixed and mobile X-ray units are available to take x-
rays of the desired parts of the dead body.
• PFSA provides Forensic Histopathology services
• Determines the absence or presence of drugs and
their metabolites, chemicals and factor in the
cause and manner of death.
• Mission of Forensic toxicology Department

27. cases
•

28. Audio visual analysis Department
It deals with the scientific examination, comparison and/or
evaluation of audio and video evidence.
• equipped with latest forensic tools for audio and video
analysis.
Department provide the following services:
• Clarification of Audio evidence using different noise
reduction and other algorithms.
• Clarification of Video evidence for identification and
association of different events captured by video
surveillance systems.
• Analysis of images extracted from video evidence
• collection, Preservation and transport of evidence

29. Cases
•

30. Strengths
• Assistance of law enforcement and investigation agencies to
solve the crime puzzles with accuracy and efficiently.
• Ability to conduct various forensic tests including DNA,DNA
profiling, testing of explosive material ,tools and arms
investigation, computer forensic, autopsy, toxicology and
histology.
• Assistance of courts of law in discovering the truth for speedy
justice.
• Improvement success rate of investigation.
• Probable reduction in crime and criminals.
• Bring a paradigm shift from oral evidence to physical
evidence with reliability and authenticity on international
standards.
• Rational investigation of elaborate criminal cases.

31. weakness
• Lack of uniformity of forensic science disciplines between within
jurisdictions.
• No criteria for the certification of forensic practitioners, or in the
accreditation of crime laboratories.
• Lack of mandatory standardization, certification and accreditation of
lab.
• Varying quality of forensic practice.
• Poor maintenance of statistical data regarding crime and crime
investigation.
• Poor and outdated criminal investigation system and judicial system of
the province.
• Failure to install LIMS (Laboratory Management Information System).
• Weak Database system.
• Failure to install DNA indexing system software(CODIS).
• Lack of educational institutes to promote forensic science education.
• Lack of skilled scientist of the forensic disciplines.

32. Opportunities
• Possibilities of revenue generation through
commercialization of services of lab.
• Advance and modern research opportunities in the
fields of forensic sciences.
• Training and development in the field of forensic
science.
• Employment opportunities.
• Provision of improved justice to general public through
superior investigation methodologies.
• Rational decision making based on scientific forensic
evidences.

33. Threats
• Potential danger of innocent conviction in case of wrong sample
sent to FSL for analysis. FSL has no system to check the sample
validity.
• Risk of the human bias in the interpretation of the test results.
• Negligence in proper maintenance of developed facilities.
• Disruption in continuation of the project activities.
• No or poor revenue generation system.
• Political influences.
• Endangering labs sustainability due to expensive operations and
maintenance costs.
• Low forensic sciences research facilities in the province and overall in
the country.
• Improper wear and tear and of building
• Poor quality of test results due to no calibration of machinery and
equipment.
•

34. Pak and crime
• Crimes and terrorism are very common in Pakistan from
the last unfortunate
• The number of crimes, suicide attacks and target killing
are increasing in Pakistan day by day.
• The total 15 suicide attacks were carried out in Pakistan
from 2002 to 2005, while in the next four years (2006-
2009) it was increased to 200 and now it is more than
372.
• Pakistan needs to promote forensic science in order to
control crimes and terrorism. Unfortunately,
• most of the crimes remain untraced due to the lack of
technical expertise and proper research in this field.

36. Findings and Conclusion
• ‘Forensic science is a versatile and enormously powerful
tool in the investigation of a crime.’
• Forensic tools and techniques must be aided by the
knowledge, experience, intuitive detectives, police and
other experts’ role
• Forensic science involves all evidences collected on the
crime scene to solve query of the crime.
• Many young generation are now interested to work on
forensic, and many study courses are now available to
study and to start practise
• Detective agencies are getting fast to work on forensic
and many police and legal workers are working on
forensic.

37. Conclusion
o handling of evidences is improper by law enforcing
agencies
o No facility.
o Lack of labs
-Punjab 14
-Islamabad 6
-Sindh 3
-KPK 0
o Generation is going toward this field but research
institutes are few and have least facility
o Lack in understanding by judiciary / lawyers
o Security issues to the investigation teams.

38. Questions

39. Thankyou