Chemical and biological innovation

1. Rahul K Kamble
Assistant Professor
Department of Environmental Science
Sardar Patel College, Chandrapur,
Maharashtra, India
Chemical and Biological Innovations

2. On board carbon capture
Mine water power station
Conjuring water from atmosphere
Washing whiter without water
Eco-surfactant

4. Nearly two-thirds of global carbon
emissions are by small polluters viz. cars,
other vehicles
Researchers at Georgia Institute of
Technology, USA sought to create a
sustainable transportation system which
uses liquid fuel and traps carbon emissions
in vehicle for later processing.
On board fuel processor designed to sperate
the hydrogen in the fuel from the carbon
Hydrogen is used to power the vehicles
because in pure forms  no carbon
emissions

5. Carbon which is stored on board in a liquid
form until disposal at the fuel station
It is then transported to a centralized site
to be stored in a permanent location
In long term, CO2 will be recycled 
synthesis of high energy density liquid fuel
suitable for transport sector

7. Situation
Environmental innovations: To develop
geothermal power station exploiting water
in abandoned mines
Green energy for municipal heating and
cooling
Methodology:
Two sites in the centre and north of
Heerlen were selected
Two wells of 825 m depth were drilled to
assess trapped water at temp. of 35 oC

8. Three wells were drilled at 250-500 m
depth
These shallower well receive the water after
it has been used for heating
This water will then stored until needed for
cooling

10. Situation
Environmental innovations: Future laundry
cleaning with plastic beads
Xeros, company from northern English town
of Rotherham
Technology developed at Leeds university
and Xeros
These polymer beads used in washing
machines instead of water, can agitate,
attract and transport away strain and soil
from textile

11. The beads spin in the washing machine
along with dirty garments  reduces water
requirement to 90%
Beads are reusable, recyclable, capable of
hundreds of washes before reaching life span
Proven as standard washing, especially for
removing oil and greases
Laundry detergents are needs in small
quantity
Beads can’t be used in washing machines
used for washing with water

12. A bead cleaning washing machines will be
required, will not be more expensive than
existing machines
Pilot project at UK and US

14. Situation
“Dutch Rainmaker” integrated wind turbine
technology with water production and
purification expertise  extracting water
from air
Harnessing wind power to extract water
vapors from air (energy is needed to produce
water out of air)
Wind turbine drives a heat pump which
cools the air down similar to AC
Suitable for areas lacking rain and briny
water

15. Technology functions best in areas
humidity <50% and temperature 20-40 0
C
This mill 20-30 times smaller than wind
mill, daily production of 7000 L water
Company developed wind turbine system
for extracting drinking water from salty or
polluted water

17. Situation
Belgian based – Ecover developed this
technique
Surfactant are the active ingredients in
majority of household cleaning products.
Mechanism: Lower the surface tension of
cleaners and contribute to their
effectiveness.
Developed low energy manufacturing
process to produce eco surfactant from
natural renewable raw materials

18. Ecover has used renewable plant based
surfactants
However, technique requires a chemical
process involving high pressure and
temperature (100 0C and 2-5 bar pressure)

20. Situation
Millions of barrels of kerosene are used
each day
Third of global demand from commercial
aircraft by 2030
Viability analysis of harvesting bio fuels
from second generation bio- feedstock's
Second generation feedstocks such as
algae, that do not compete for food or water
resources

21. Already developed a process technology to
convert natural oils and greases into
military jet fuel  Green jet fuel
Green jet fuel meets all the performance
specifications for flights, it is also a viable
option for production of commercial jet
fuel

23. Situation: climate change and population
growth
Environmental innovations: “Living walls”
of edible plants
Through vertical farming, lowering energy
consumption, carbon emissions and
resources use in food production, negating
use of heavy machineries, reducing CO2
emissions, distance reduced farm-to-fork

24. Vertical farming involves moving agriculture
into cities  specially designed structures or
in adapted urban spaces
Prof Despommier, Colombia Univ., USA has
championed the concept of 30-storey
skyscrapers farms which meets the needs of
50000
Such buildings could use hydroponic and
aerophonic
Vertical farming use 90% less water than
traditional one

25. Offers year round crop yields, avoid
weather relate crop failures caused by
floods, droughts, and pests
Without need of pesticides food could be
produced naturally so no agricultural runoff
Increased plant life in cities  benefits of
absorbing C emissions, release of O2,
improved urban air quality, green rooftops
as natural insulating material for buildings

27. Offset printing consumes around 3 million
tonnes hydrocarbon based inks and
chemicals
Release about 5,00,000 tonnes of VOCs
VOCs emitted when ink dries on paper and
when presses are washed between print runs
Causes global warming and health of
millions of workers in global print industry
Safer and eco friendly inks introduced in
market  expensive, inferior quality wrt
petroleum based inks

28. A Delhi based company-Sidhartha Bhimania
and Krishna Gopal Singh-EnNatura (2007)
developed biodegradable ink.
Developed a special resin, which was
combined with non-edible vegetable oil to
produce a biodegradable ink that produces
no VOCs.
The new resin is acidic in nature, it can be
washed off using mildly alkaline aqueous
wash solutions.
The entire process is emission free and also
more cost effective, with cost reduced to one
third.

29. Technique makes easier to recycle paper
waste (Major hurdle was removing ink from
paper).
EnNatura ink eases detachment during the
deinking process, reducing the cost and
energy consumption

30. Thank you!!!