This document classifies and describes the main types of air pollutants: particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons. It notes that particulate matter comes from various natural sources as well as human activities. Sulphur dioxide is formed through combustion of sulphur-bearing materials and coal combustion accounts for most anthropogenic SO2. Oxides of nitrogen are produced at higher temperatures and result from natural bacterial processes as well as combustion of fuels. Hydrocarbons are emitted by trees and domestic animals, while automobiles and petroleum combustion are significant anthropogenic sources.

1. AIR POLLUTION
Rahul Kamble

2. OBJECTIVES
 Classification of air pollutants
Particulate matter
Sulphur dioxide
Oxides of nitrogen
Hydrocarbons

3. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
 Particulate matter
“ Small, solid particles and liquid droplets”
Sources
 Volcanic eruption,
 Blowing of dust and soil by the wind
 Spraying of salt and other solid particles by the
seas and oceans

4. TYPES OF PARTICULATE MATTER
 SPM and RSPM
 Inorganic particulate matter
 Organic particulate matter

6. ORGANIC PARTICULATE MATTER

7. SULPHUR DIOXIDE
 Colourless gas with pungent odour
 Form by the combustion of sulphur bearing
material
 SO2 always accompanied with little SO3
 S + O2  SO2
 2 SO2 + O2 2 SO3
 SO3 + H2O  H2SO4

9. SOURCES OF SO2
 67 % of total SOx
pollution is from
natural processes i.e.
volcanos
 33 % man made
activities among them
fuel combustion :
 coal accounts for 74 %
 industry 22 %
 transportation 2%

10. OXIDES OF NITROGEN
 Nitric oxide (NO) colourless and odourless gas
 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reddish brown and
pungent suffocating odour
 N2 + O2 2 NO
 2 NO + O2 2 NO2
 These formations are favored in higher
temperature

11. OXIDES OF NITROGEN
 Natural bacterial action discharges 5x103
tonnes of NOx mainly in the form of nitric
oxide (NO)
 Anthropogenic activities release 5x107
tonnes
 Combustion of coal, oil, natural gas,
automobile exhausts are major source
 Average residence time of NO is 4 days,
NO2 for 3 days.

12. HYDROCARBONS
 Tress emit large quantity of HC
 CH4 is the major contributor of HC
 Produced due to anaerobic decomposition of
organic matter by bacteria
 Domestic animals waste contribute about 85
million tonnes of CH4
 CH4 has mean residence time of 3-7 years

13. HYDROCARBONS
 Anthropogenic activities
contribute 15 % of the
HC emitted into the
atmosphere
 Automobiles are major
source
 Total HC emission per
year is about 570 X 106
tonnes/ year

14. HYDROCARBONS
 Petroleum 55%
 Coal 3.3 %
 Wood 2.2%
 Incinerators and
refuse burning
28.3%
 Solvent
evaporation 11.3%

15. THANK YOU !!!