Oil pollution

1. OIL POLLUTION
Rahul Kamble

2. OBJECTIVES
 What is oil pollution?
 Why it is important?
 Sources
 Effects
 Control measures

3. WHAT IS OIL POLLUTION?
Oil and its products endanger the
aquatic life in the surface layers and
also coastal flora and fauna is termed
as oil pollution.

4. WHY OIL POLLUTION IS
IMPORTANT?
 Oceans covers 71% of earths surface
 Serving as a habitat for vast array of
plants and animals
 Supply of food, energy and mineral
resources
 Over half of the people of the developing
countries obtain 30 per cent or more
animal protein from marine fish

5. SOURCES OF OIL POLLUTION
 Cargo tanker washing area  3 million
tonnes of oil
 Import oil losses  collision in port
contribute to 1 million tonnes of oils in
seas
 Bilge pumping at sea  dumping of bilge
contents by ship add 5 lakh tonnes of
oil/year
 Oil based technologies and vessel
accidents

6.  2 million lubricating oil are added every
year
 Maritime accidents  collision, fire,
explosion or grounding
 International discharge of oil  tank
washing and accidental spillage
 Oil leakages from pipelines due to
corrosions, cracks or punctures
 Blow out of wells, disposal of drilling mud's,
accidental damages to offshore drilling

7. Oil waste from oil fields or refineries
near coastal produce oil pollution

8. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION

9. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF OIL ON
WATER
 Reduction in dissolved oxygen
 Reduction in light penetration
 Smothering (suffocating) kills lichens and
algae's along sea coast

10. EFFECTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEM
 Affects floating plantation and marine life
 Damage to fishery
 Lethal toxicity on aquatic flora
 Oil coating unable the fishes respire and clog
their gills slit
 Affects biological, physiological and behavioral
activities
 Adult marine organism can’t survive 1-100
ppm

11.  0.1 ppm oil acts as a lethal dose for fish larvae
 Sub-lethal dose 10-100 ppb disturbs chemical
sensing and communication system in
organisms
 Aromatic hydrocarbons at 10 ppb accumulate
in aquatic plant tissues  carcinogenic and
affects plant metabolism
 Hydrocarbons in oil gets incorporated in body
tissue of marine animals. They are stable
 HC  anesthesia and necrosis and at higher
dosages cell damage and death

12. EFFECTS ON MAN
Paraffins, like methane and ethane are
sphyxiants i.e. they cause suffocation
CNS depressant
Liquid paraffins can remove oil from
exposed skin  dermatitis; pneumonia
in lungs tissue
Breathing higher concentration of
unsaturated cycloparaffins  irritation
and anesthesia

13. Aromatic thiophenes, bezothiophenes
and mercaptans are lethal  damage
liver and kidney

14. EFFECTS ON BIRDS
Spilled oil break down birds natural
insulating oils and waxes which shield
the birds
Thus loosing insulation, start shivering
and may freeze to death
Oil spilling  abnormally low body
temperature  hypothermia in birds
Sea otters died when their fur become
saturated with oil by loosing insulation

15. Birds developed respiratory ailments
because volatile compounds of oil
weakened membranes in their lungs
Liver and kidney damage due to
ingestion of oil while cleaning their
coats

16. OIL POLLUTION CONTROL

17. PHYSICAL METHODS
Skimming
Absorption by chopped straw and saw dust
Chemicals to coagulate oil
Power of higher density  oil can be sunk
at the bottom
Chalk treated with stearate and 10% sand
in slurry removes oil considerably

18. CHEMICAL METHODS
Dispersion
Evaporation
Emulsification
Absorbents
Burning of oil slicks
Floating blooms
Improved navigation aids

19. BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Use of microorganisms
Various varieties of Pseudomonas

20. Thank You !!!
Save our Oceans