2. CONTENT
Define qualitative and quantitative approaches
Describe the terms used in these approaches
List the main types of qualitative and quantitative
research designs
Discuss methods of qualitative and quantitative
research approaches in nursing
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
these approaches
3. INTRODUCTION
After going through the descriptions of various types
of researches, one fact that comes to light is that
there are two basic approaches to research, namely
1. quantitative approach and
2.qualitative approach.
Research design is the researcher’s overall plan for
obtaining answers to the research questions.
Research design comprises methodological
decisions that the researcher makes to accomplish
the objectives of the research project.
4. DEFINITION
• The research design is the master plan
specifying the methods & procedures for
collecting & analyzing the needed
information in a research study.
• A research design is a plan of how, when
and where data are to be collected and
analysed.
5. • Research design can be defined as a blue print
to conduct a research study, which involves the
description of research approach, study setting,
sampling size, sampling technique, tool &
methods of data collection & analysis to answer
specific research questions or for testing
research hypothesis
• Research design is the researcher's overall plan
for answering the research questions or testing
the research hypotheses.
8. SELECTION OF RESEARCH
DESIGN
Research design are plans and procedures for
research.
To meet aims and objectives of a study, researchers
must select the most appropriate design.
The selection of the research design depends on the
nature of research problem,the resources
available,accessability of subjects,and research ethics.
9. FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION
OF RESEARCH DESIGN
1. Nature of the research problem.
2. Purpose of the study.
3. Researcher’s knowledge & experience.
4. Researcher’s interest & motivation.
5. Research ethics & principles.
6. Subjects & participants.
7. Resources.
8. Time.
9. Possible control on extraneous variables.
10. Users of the study findings.
10. VALIDITY OF RESEARCH DESIGNS
There are two different criteria for evaluating the
credibility and dependability of the research results.
1. Internal validity
2. External validity
11. INTERNAL VALIDITY
THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY
• History.
• Maturation of subjects.
• Testing.
• Instrumentation change.
• Mortality.
• Selection bias.
12. EXTERNAL VALIDITY
FACTORS AFFECTING EXTERNAL VALIDITY
1. Hawthrone Effect.
2. Experimental Effect.
3. Reactive effect of pre test.
4. Novelty effect.
5. People.
6. Place.
7. Time
15. QUANTITAVE RESEARCH DESIGN
Quantitative research is a formal, objective, and
systematic process. It is used to describe
variables,test relationships between variables, and
examine cause and effect interactions among
variables.
The quantitative research process involves
conceptualizing, planning, implementing, and
communicating the findings of a quantitative
research project.
21. ES
CATEGORY RESEARCH DESIGN FEATURES
EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
DESIGN
TRUE
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN:
1.Post-test-only
control design
2.Pre –test-post
test control group
design 3.Solomon
four-group design
4.Factorial
design
5.Randomized
block design
6.Cross over design
1. MANIPULATI
ON OF
INDEPENCEN
VARIABLE, IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF CONTROL
GROUP.
2. RANDOMIZATI
ON
25. NS
CATEGORY RESEARCH DESIGN
NON EXPERIMENTAL 1.DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN.
RESEARCH DESIGN
2.CORRELATIONAL
DESIGN/EX POST FACTO
DESIGN
3DEVELOPMENTAL
RESEARCH
DESIGN
4.EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
DESIGNS
5.SURVEY RESEARCH
DESIGN
47. STUDIES
CASE STUDIES FEATURES
CASE STUDIES Research on a
phenomenon by
studying in depth
a single case
example. The
case can be an
individual
person, an event,
a group or an