1. Tissue culture can be used to multiply and conserve medicinal and ornamental plants that are difficult to reproduce through conventional methods. It allows for mass production of valuable plants. 2. The document discusses tissue culture techniques for Boston fern and two medicinal plants - peganum harmala and aegle marmelos. For Boston fern, sterile runner tips are cultured on nutrient media to produce new leaves and roots. Tissue culture of aegle marmelos can be done through micropropagation, organogenic callus culture, or culturing nodal explants. 3. Micropropagation of aegle marmelos involves culturing nodal explants on media supplemented with cytokinins,

1. TISSUE CULTURE
OF ORNAMENTAL
AND MEDICINAL
PLANT

2. 1. Introduction of ornamental
and medicinal plant.
2. Tissue culture of Boston
fern.
3. Importance.
4. Establishment of sterile
culture.
5. Tissue culture of peganum
harmala.
6. Tissue culture aegle
marmelos.
CONTENT

3. Introduction
Tissue culture in medicinal and ornamental
plants is useful for multiplying and
conserving the species, which are difficult
to regenerate by conventional methods and
save them from extinction.

4. Medicinal plants:-
– The plants that are used for the production of medicines and
primary health care.
– The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 80%
of people in the developing world use medicinal Plants for
their primary health care.
– About 40% of compounds used in pharmaceutical industry
are directly or indirectly derived from plants.

5. Medicinal plants

6. Ornamental plants:-
– The plants which are used for the ornamental purposes in
garden and landscapes design projects.
– With woody ornamental plants the adoption of tissue culture
is more rapid then the fruit crops.

7. Ornamental plants

8. Why the tissue culture is
necessary in these plants?
– for mass multiplication of economically
important flora.
– This can be particularly useful in the production
of elite and rare orchids and other plants, which
have export value.
– To produce plants to cure the diseases.
– To produce the medicinal plants in a large
number.

9. Boston fern
Tissue culture
of Boston Fern

10. Boston ferns are popular
herbaceous perennial plants used
in households, landscapes, and
floral arrangements
They are usually grown and maintained
in baskets or containers.
–Boston ferns have fronds that are
between 1-3 feet in length. The plants
prefer to have moderate conditions.

11. Tissue Propagation

12. Tissue Propagation
– It is important to have sterile techniques while preparing
tissue cultures because the cultures can easily become
contaminated and over grown with bacteria and fungi.
– The media used in the plates or other containers is a
mixture of sugars, inorganic salts, plant hormones, and a
gelling agent. This mixture provides the appropriate
environment for the tissue's growth and development.

13. Explant Selection and
Preparation

14. Explant Selection and
Preparation
– When selecting for culture tissue, choose a healthy, disease
free plant with plenty of runners. Cut the runner tips from
the fern and soak runners in the solution for tissue
sterilization.
– Preparation of container under laminar flow.
– After preparation put the container in cooler for growth.
– If the tissues are not contaminated, leaves, roots, and other
organs will begin to develop. The final stage is preparation
for the transition of the plant material from culture to soil.

15. Clonal Reliability:
–In vitro, raised cultures exhibit clonal
variation that is commonly called
somaclonal variation.
–Caused through pre-existing genetic
variation occurred in the explants and
the variation induced by the in vitro
conditions.
– Molecular techniques are powerful tool
for assessment of genetic fidelity.

16. Impact of Climate Change on
Genetic Resources of
Ornamental Plants:
– Changes to land use and agricultural
management can affect biodiversity, both
positively and negatively.
– Further, the intensification of agriculture
has generated lot of pressure on plant
genetic resources i.e., on the traditional
varieties, landraces and large number of
wild crops, badly.

17. Shift in Crops Suitability Areas:
– Climate change will cause shifts in areas suitable for
cultivation of crops.
– some regions considered marginal will gain suitability
and others will lose.
– It also predicts that with rising temperatures and
change in the rainfall global suitability for crops does
not decrease, but does shift geographically.
– crops that are currently adapted to the conditions
become mal-adapted, resulting in the need for new
within-crop diversity to adapt to future conditions and
under extreme conditions, new crops will be required.

18. Effects on Regeneration of
Species:
– require chilling/ stratification of seeds to
germinate.
– If such conditions are not met, the rejuvenation
of species hammered largely.
– Due to this, showed considerable reduction in
the number of saplings compared to adult trees.
– The poor winter precipitation also hammers
seed germination of many species.

19. Conservation of Ornamental
plants :
– Some of ornamental plants are in danger of
becoming extinct and Efforts are being made
for conservation of them.
– Seed banks are a common way of conserving
plant genetic resources.

20. Tissue culture of
Medicinal Plant

21. Introduction
– The in vitro propagated medicinal plants are
genetically pure elite. Micropropagation
techniques are must for conservation of an
endangered medicinally important species
within short period and limited space. The
plants produced from this method are
independent of climatic changes or soil
conditions.

22. Establishment of sterile
culture of medicinal plant
– Culture can be initiated from a variety of different part of
plant. Young tissue of healthy plant are preferred.
– Seeds can be used for culturing.
– Material are contaminated by microorganism .
– surface sterilization is very necessary.
– The explant is inoculated on a semi solid nutrient medium
mostly based on the formulation of MS media.
– The medium contain all major and minor nutrient, growth
regulator and vitamin.

23. TISSUE CULTURE
OF AEGLE
MARMELOS

24. Tissue culture of Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos is a medicinal plant.
Tissue culture of Aegle marmelos can be done by.
Micro propagation
Micropropagation of Bael via The nodal explants
Organogenic callus culture

25. 1- Micropropagation
– Micropropagation by enhanced axillary shoot proliferation from
mature single node had an efficient and rapid in vitro clonal
propagation of the endangered medicinal tree Aegle marmelos
– Multiple shoots were formed on Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 6-Benzyladenine (BA). An
average of 6.2 shoots/explant could be obtained after 45 days of
culture.
– The number of shoots was increased at the third subculture with
an average of 16.3 shoots per explant.
– In vitro rooting was inconsistent in medium with different auxins
(Indole 3-butyric acid-IBA, Indole 3-acetic acid-IAA and α-
naphthalene acetic acid-NAA) at varying concentration and
combinations.

26. 2-Micropropagation of Bael via
The nodal explants
– The nodal explants of 30 year old tree were used to initiate
cultures. Two cytokinins, viz., 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)
and kinetin (Kn) were used in varied concentration (0.1–2
mg/l) for shoot multiplication. BAP (2 mg/l) was found
better than KN, where a 3-fold increase in the number of
shoots.
– For rooting of in vitro shoots, different auxins, namely,
NAA, IAA and IBA (0.1–2 mg/l) were tested. IAA (0.01 mg/l)
was found better than NAA and IBA. It was concluded that
elite cultivars of bael can be micropropagated, without
undergoing callus phase, using the BAP.

27. In Vitro plant Regeneration via
Organogenic Callus Culture
– Seeds from a mature bael fruit were extracted, washed,
surface – sterilized and germinated in vitro using a hormone-
free MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium with sugar.
– Cultures were incubated at 26oC with and without
illumination. Once calli were initiated, globular-shaped
organogenic calli were selected and sub cultured in a fresh
medium and incubated under dark conditions to promote
further calli proliferation
– These calli later developed shoots when transferred to
hormone-free medium and under illumination. Separated
shoots continued to grow in liquid medium, free of hormones

28. Graphical representation