helping of carbohydrates

1. carbohydrates
Contents
What are the carbohydrates?
Classification of carbohydrates
Structures of carbohydrates
Function of carbohydrates

2. Definition:
Aldehyde group
Ketone group
Polyhydroxylated compounds
yield such compounds on hydrolysis
Synthesized primarily by plants → photosynthesis
Classification
Monosaccharides
 Simple sugars
 3-7 C →trioses, tetroses
pentoses,hexoses,heptoses
Sweet In taste (fructose)
Can't be hydrolyzed
reducing sugars
Glucose,fructose,
Oligosaccharides
Monosaccharides
(glycosidic bond)
Hydrolyzed(2-10 mono..)
Non-reducing
lactose, sucrose, maltose
Polysaccharides
 Amorphous
compounds
Less sweet
Mr 20,000
Insoluble in H2O
Examples
Cellulose, Chitin,
Glycogen , Starch
Homopoly… Heteropoly…
Glycosidic bond

3. Structure
Chain of glucose through “Glycosidic Bond”
Starch
Amylose(1-4) straight chain
Amylopectin (1-4& 1-6) branched

4. Functions of Carbohydrates in Cells:
Major source of energy in cell
Primary structural component of plants cell wall(Cellulose)
Immediate source of energy in the form of Glucose
Reserve energy in the form Glycogen