Bone; it forms the main supporting framework of body and is designed for a more effective production of movements by the attached muscle.

1. Anatomy Of Bone
-Purvi Shah
(B.P.T)

2. Origin Of Bone
• Latin Word Os
• Greek Word Osteon

3. Introduction Of Bone
• Bone is a metabolically active connective tissue that
provides structural support, facilitates movement, and
protects vital organs.
• Bone is composed of an extracellular matrix and bone
cells (osteocytes).
• Bone tissue undergoes a process of mineralization, formed
by collagen matrix and hardened by deposited calcium.

4. • The inorganic calcium salts make it hard & rigid.
• The organic connective tissue (collagen fibers) make it tough &
flexible.
• The skeleton is composed of around 80% cortical bone
and 20% trabecular bone.
• The adult human skeleton is composed of 206 bones.

7. Functions of Bone
• Give shape & support to the body
• Provide surface for the attachment of muscles, tendons,
ligaments etc.
• Store 97% of the body calcium and phosphorus.
• Serve as levers for muscular actions.
• Bone marrow manufactures blood cells.

8. Classification Of Bone
• A. According to shape
1.Long bones
(a)Typical long bone: Humerus, radius, ulna,
femur, tibia & fibula
(b)Miniature long bone: Metacarpals,
metatarsals, phalanges
(c)Modified long bones: Clavicle

11. Classification Of Bone
2.Short bones (According To Shape):
Carpals, tarsals

12. Classification Of Bone
3.Flat bones(According to shape) : Skull, ribs,
scapula, sternum.
• Resemble shallow plates & form boundaries of
certain body cavites.

13. Classification Of Bone
4.Irregular bones (According to shape): Vertebra,
hip bone, bones in base of skull.

14. Classification Of Bone
5.Pneumatic bones (According to shape): Maxilla, sphenoid,
ethmoid.
• Certain irregular bones contain large air spaces
lined by epithelium.

15. Classification Of Bone
6.Sesamoid bones (According to shape): Patella,
pisiform, fabella.
FUNCTIONS OF SESAMOID BONE :
To resist pressure,
To minimise friction,
To alter direction of pull of muscle,
To maintain local circulation.

17. Classification Of Bone
7.Accessory bones (According to shape): are not
always present, suturals bones, os trigonum, os
vesalianum.

19. Classification Of Bone
8.Heterotopic bones(According to shape): Bones
sometimes develop in soft tissues.

20. Classification Of Bone
B. Developmental Classification
1. Membrane bones: ossify in membrane.
 Bones of the vault skull & facial bones.
2. Cartilaginous bones: ossify in cartilage
 Bones of limbs, vertebral column, thoracic cage.

21. 3. Membro-cartilaginous bones: ossify partly in membrane
& partly in cartilage.
4. Somatic bones: most of the bones are somatic.
5. Visceral bones: hyoid bones, part of mandible and ear
ossicles.

22. Classification Of Bone
C. Regional Classification
1. Axial skeleton includes Skull, vertebra and thoracic
cage.
2. Appendicular skeleton includes bones of limbs.

24. Classification Of Bone
D. Structural Classification
A. Macroscopically, divided COMPACT BONE (is
dense in texture like ivory, but is extremely porous
& CANCELLOUS BONE open in texture, & is made
up of a meshwork of trabeculae.

25. Classification Of Bone
B. Microscopically,(Structural) divide into 5
1. Lamellar bone: Mature human bones
2. Woven bones: seen in Fetal bone
3. Fibrous bones:is found in young foetal bone
4. Dentine and
5. Cement: occur in teeth

26. Gross Anatomy
1.Shaft
It is composed of periosteum, cortex and
medullary cavity.
2. The TWO ENDS of a long bones are made up of
cancellous bone covered with hyaline cartilage.
Shaft

27. Parts Of Bone
Epiphysis
Epiphysis plate of cartilage
Diaphysis
Metaphysis

28. Blood Supply Of Bones
1.Long Bones
Nutrient Artery
Periosteal Arteries
Epiphysial Arteries
Metaphysial Arteries
2.Other Bones
Short Bones: Numerous periosteal vessels
Vertebra: Anterior & posterior vessels

29. 2.Short Bones
Ribs supplied by Nutrient artery & Periosteal artery
Veins are numerous and large in the CANCELLOUS ,
red marrow containing bones; In the COMPACT
bone, they accompany arteries in the Volkmann’s
canals.

30. Nerve Supply Of Bones
• Nerves accompany the blood vessels.
• Most of them are sympathetic & vasomotor in
function.
• Few of them are sensory which are distributed to
articular ends & periosteum of the long bones.

31. Difference Between Normal & Osteoporosis
Bones are poros
& fragile

32. Thank You